ICSE – Grade 9 – History – Ch 03 – QA

Questions & Answers

ICSE - Grade - 9

Subject: History

Chapter - 03 - Jainism and Buddhism

Types of Questions

MCQ

  1. Who was the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism?
    A. Rishabhanatha
    B. Parshvanatha
     C. Mahavira
     D. Gautama Buddha
     Answer: C. Mahavira

 

  1. Where was Mahavira born?
    A. Vaishali
    B. Kapilavastu
     C. Bodh Gaya
     D. Kushinagar
     Answer: A. Vaishali

 

  1. What was the language of the Jain Angas?
    A. Sanskrit
    B. Pali
     C. Prakrit
     D. Tamil
     Answer: C. Prakrit

 

  1. What are the Jain texts called?
    A. Tripitakas
    B. Vedas
     C. Jatakas
     D. Angas
     Answer: D. Angas

 

  1. The Tripitakas are the sacred texts of:
    A. Jainism
    B. Hinduism
     C. Buddhism
     D. Sikhism
     Answer: C. Buddhism

 

  1. The Jataka Tales are associated with:
    A. Jainism
    B. Buddhism
     C. Christianity
     D. Islam
     Answer: B. Buddhism

 

  1. Who attained Kaivalya (omniscience)?
    A. Gautama Buddha
    B. Mahavira
     C. Parshvanatha
     D. Rishabhanatha
     Answer: B. Mahavira

 

  1. Which of the following was not a cause for the rise of Jainism and Buddhism?
    A. Rigid caste system
    B. Simple language
     C. Corruption in religion
     D. Reaction to rituals
     Answer: B. Simple language

 

  1. Which vow means non-violence in Jainism?
    A. Asteya
    B. Satya
     C. Ahimsa
     D. Brahmacharya
     Answer: C. Ahimsa

 

  1. Which vow means not stealing?
    A. Satya
    B. Asteya
     C. Aparigraha
     D. Brahmacharya
     Answer: B. Asteya

 

  1. The doctrine of Jainism is based on:
    A. Vedas
    B. Tri-ratnas
     C. Four Noble Truths
     D. Ten Commandments
     Answer: B. Tri-ratnas

 

  1. Tri-ratnas do not include:
    A. Right faith
    B. Right speech
     C. Right conduct
     D. Right knowledge
     Answer: B. Right speech

 

  1. Salvation in Jainism is known as:
    A. Nirvana
    B. Moksha
     C. Samadhi
     D. Kaivalya
     Answer: B. Moksha

 

  1. Who was the first Tirthankara?
    A. Mahavira
    B. Parshvanatha
     C. Rishabhanatha
     D. Gautama
     Answer: C. Rishabhanatha

 

  1. Jainism believes in:
    A. One supreme God
    B. Creator God
     C. Eternal soul
     D. Worship of nature
     Answer: C. Eternal soul

 

  1. Which king was a patron of Jainism?
    A. Ashoka
    B. Chandragupta Maurya
     C. Harshavardhana
     D. Bindusara
     Answer: B. Chandragupta Maurya

 

  1. The white-clad sect of Jainism is known as:
    A. Digambaras
    B. Shvetambaras
     C. Hinayanas
     D. Mahayanas
     Answer: B. Shvetambaras

 

  1. The sky-clad sect of Jainism is:
    A. Digambaras
    B. Shvetambaras
     C. Mahayanas
     D. Theravadins
     Answer: A. Digambaras

 

  1. Buddhism was founded by:
    A. Mahavira
    B. Buddha
     C. Kabir
     D. Nagarjuna
     Answer: B. Buddha

 

  1. Gautama Buddha was born in:
    A. Kapilavastu
    B. Vaishali
     C. Lumbini
     D. Sarnath
     Answer: C. Lumbini

 

  1. Buddha attained enlightenment at:
    A. Sarnath
    B. Bodh Gaya
     C. Kushinagar
     D. Lumbini
     Answer: B. Bodh Gaya

 

  1. Buddha gave his first sermon at:
    A. Lumbini
    B. Vaishali
     C. Gaya
     D. Sarnath
     Answer: D. Sarnath

 

  1. Buddha’s teachings are based on:
    A. Four Noble Truths
    B. Ten Commandments
     C. Five Vows
     D. Vedas
     Answer: A. Four Noble Truths

 

  1. According to Buddhism, the cause of suffering is:
    A. Ignorance
    B. Rituals
     C. Desire
     D. Sin
     Answer: C. Desire

 

  1. The solution to suffering according to Buddha is:
    A. Worship
    B. Charity
     C. Meditation
     D. Eightfold Path
     Answer: D. Eightfold Path

 

  1. Which of the following is not part of the Eightfold Path?
    A. Right action
    B. Right rituals
     C. Right speech
     D. Right meditation
     Answer: B. Right rituals

 

  1. Buddhism teaches:
    A. Polytheism
    B. Monotheism
     C. Atheism
     D. Animism
     Answer: C. Atheism

 

  1. The Buddhist code of conduct is called:
    A. Sangha
    B. Dharma
     C. Dhamma
     D. Ten Commandments
     Answer: C. Dhamma

 

  1. Who could join the Sangha?
    A. Only Brahmins
    B. Only men
     C. Anyone
     D. Only kings
     Answer: C. Anyone

 

  1. Buddhist monasteries were called:
    A. Ashrams
    B. Temples
     C. Viharas
     D. Mathas
     Answer: C. Viharas

 

  1. Sangha members had to follow:
    A. Ten Commandments
    B. Five Precepts
     C. Four Truths
     D. Ten Rules
     Answer: D. Ten Rules

 

  1. The Mahayana sect of Buddhism:
    A. Worshipped Buddha as God
    B. Rejected Buddha’s image
     C. Used Prakrit
     D. Promoted fasting
     Answer: A. Worshipped Buddha as God

 

  1. The original and strict form of Buddhism is:
    A. Hinayana
    B. Mahayana
     C. Vajrayana
     D. Zen
     Answer: A. Hinayana

 

  1. Language of early Buddhist texts:
    A. Sanskrit
    B. Tamil
     C. Prakrit
     D. Pali
     Answer: D. Pali

 

  1. Jainism and Buddhism both rejected:
    A. Karma
    B. Non-violence
     C. Caste system
     D. Rebirth
     Answer: C. Caste system

 

  1. Both Jainism and Buddhism originated in:
    A. South India
    B. Eastern India
     C. Western India
     D. North-western India
     Answer: B. Eastern India

 

  1. One key difference: Buddhism does not believe in:
    A. Karma
    B. Ahimsa
     C. Soul
     D. Rebirth
     Answer: C. Soul

 

  1. Jain temples at Mount Abu are examples of:
    A. Dravidian style
    B. Buddhist architecture
     C. Rock-cut caves
     D. Jain art
     Answer: D. Jain art

 

  1. Cause of Buddhism’s decline:
    A. Use of Sanskrit
    B. Support from kings
     C. Growth of Jainism
     D. Hindu reforms
     Answer: D. Hindu reforms

 

  1. Buddhism influenced:
    A. Vedic rituals
    B. Idol worship
     C. Bhakti movement
     D. Casteism
     Answer: C. Bhakti movement

 

  1. Which country did Buddhism not spread to?
    A. Japan
    B. Sri Lanka
     C. Egypt
     D. China
     Answer: C. Egypt

 

  1. Jainism stresses on:
    A. Penance
    B. Prayer
     C. Fasting
     D. All of these
     Answer: D. All of these

 

  1. Mahavira died at:
    A. Rajgir
    B. Pava
     C. Nalanda
     D. Lumbini
     Answer: B. Pava

 

  1. The Sangha helped in:
    A. Political expansion
    B. Trade
     C. Spread of Buddhism
     D. Building forts
     Answer: C. Spread of Buddhism

 

  1. Buddhist stupas are mainly built to:
    A. Worship deities
    B. House monks
     C. Store scriptures
     D. Enshrine relics of Buddha
     Answer: D. Enshrine relics of Buddha

 

  1. Ashoka became a follower of:
    A. Jainism
    B. Hinduism
     C. Buddhism
     D. Zoroastrianism
     Answer: C. Buddhism

 

  1. Buddhist art flourished under:
    A. Mauryas
    B. Guptas
     C. Mughals
     D. Marathas
     Answer: A. Mauryas

 

  1. Jainism encourages:
    A. Animal sacrifice
    B. Material wealth
     C. Self-control
     D. Idol worship only
     Answer: C. Self-control

 

  1. Jainism declined because of:
    A. Royal patronage
    B. Simple code
     C. Strict lifestyle
     D. Acceptance of caste
     Answer: C. Strict lifestyle

 

  1. Buddhist architecture includes:
    A. Temples only
    B. Stupas, Chaityas, Viharas
     C. Caves only
     D. Forts and palaces
     Answer: B. Stupas, Chaityas, Viharas

Fill in the Blanks

  1. The founder of Jainism was __________.
    Answer: Mahavira

 

  1. Mahavira was born at __________.
    Answer: Kundagrama

 

  1. Mahavira attained Kaivalya at the age of __________.
    Answer: 42

 

  1. Mahavira died at __________.
    Answer: Pava

 

  1. The sacred texts of Jainism are called __________.
    Answer: Angas

 

  1. Jainism was written in the __________ language.
    Answer: Prakrit

 

  1. The three jewels of Jainism are Right Faith, Right Knowledge and __________.
    Answer: Right Conduct

 

  1. Jainism teaches that the soul is __________.
    Answer: Eternal

 

  1. Salvation in Jainism is known as __________.
    Answer: Moksha

 

  1. The first Tirthankara of Jainism was __________.
    Answer: Rishabhanatha

 

  1. The 23rd Tirthankara of Jainism was __________.
    Answer: Parshvanatha

 

  1. The sect of Jainism that wears white clothes is called __________.
    Answer: Shvetambaras

 

  1. The sect of Jainism that does not wear clothes is called __________.
    Answer: Digambaras

 

  1. The vow of non-violence in Jainism is called __________.
    Answer: Ahimsa

 

  1. The doctrine of Jainism that refers to non-possession is called __________.
    Answer: Aparigraha

 

  1. Jainism rejects the authority of the __________.
    Answer: Vedas

 

  1. Jainism believes in the law of __________.
    Answer: Karma

 

  1. Jain temples at Mount Abu are known as __________ temples.
    Answer: Dilwara

 

  1. The language of early Buddhist scriptures was __________.
    Answer: Pali

 

  1. The sacred books of Buddhism are called __________.
    Answer: Tripitakas

 

  1. The three parts of Tripitakas are Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, and __________.
    Answer: Abhidhamma Pitaka

 

  1. The life stories of Buddha’s previous births are found in __________ tales.
    Answer: Jataka

 

  1. Gautama Buddha was born at __________.
    Answer: Lumbini

 

  1. Buddha attained Enlightenment at __________.
    Answer: Bodh Gaya

 

  1. Buddha delivered his first sermon at __________.
    Answer: Sarnath

 

  1. Buddha died at __________.
    Answer: Kushinagar

 

  1. Buddha’s first sermon is known as __________.
    Answer: Dharmachakrapravartana

 

  1. The Buddhist monastic order is called __________.
    Answer: Sangha

 

  1. Buddhist monasteries are known as __________.
    Answer: Viharas

 

  1. The ultimate goal in Buddhism is attaining __________.
    Answer: Nirvana

 

  1. The cause of suffering according to Buddha is __________.
    Answer: Desire

 

  1. The path to end suffering in Buddhism is the __________.
    Answer: Eightfold Path

 

  1. The Eightfold Path includes Right Belief, Right Thought, and Right __________.
    Answer: Action

 

  1. The Buddhist concept of moral law is called __________.
    Answer: Dhamma

 

  1. Buddhism rejects the caste system and the authority of the __________.
    Answer: Vedas

 

  1. The two main sects of Buddhism are Hinayana and __________.
    Answer: Mahayana

 

  1. Mahayana Buddhists believe in worshipping Buddha as a __________.
    Answer: God

 

  1. The strict and original form of Buddhism is called __________.
    Answer: Hinayana

 

  1. Ashoka embraced Buddhism after the battle of __________.
    Answer: Kalinga

 

  1. Buddha’s original name was __________.
    Answer: Siddhartha

 

  1. Siddhartha was born into the __________ clan.
    Answer: Shakya

 

  1. The concept of non-violence in Buddhism is called __________.
    Answer: Ahimsa

 

  1. The Buddhist teachings focus on __________ rather than rituals.
    Answer: Morality

 

  1. The Buddha preached universal __________.
    Answer: Brotherhood

 

  1. The decline of Buddhism began with the rise of __________ in India.
    Answer: Hindu revival

 

  1. One cause for the decline of Buddhism was the use of __________ language.
    Answer: Pali

 

  1. Corruption in the __________ led to the decline of Buddhism.
    Answer: Sangha

 

  1. Both Jainism and Buddhism emerged in the __________ century BCE.
    Answer: 6th

 

  1. Buddhism spread to China, Japan, and __________.
    Answer: Sri Lanka

 

  1. Both religions promoted the principle of __________.
    Answer: Non-violence

Name the Following

  1. Name the founder of Jainism.
    Answer: Mahavira

 

  1. Name the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism.
    Answer: Mahavira

 

  1. Name the 23rd Tirthankara of Jainism.
    Answer: Parshvanatha

 

  1. Name the first Tirthankara of Jainism.
    Answer: Rishabhanatha

 

  1. Name the place where Mahavira was born.
    Answer: Kundagrama

 

  1. Name the place where Mahavira died.
    Answer: Pava

 

  1. Name the sacred texts of Jainism.
    Answer: Angas

 

  1. Name the language in which Jain texts were written.
    Answer: Prakrit

 

  1. Name the three jewels (Ratnas) of Jainism.
    Answer: Right Faith, Right Knowledge, Right Conduct

 

  1. Name the religion that teaches belief in the eternal soul and karma.
    Answer: Jainism

 

  1. Name the vow of non-violence in Jainism.
    Answer: Ahimsa

 

  1. Name the vow of non-stealing in Jainism.
    Answer: Asteya

 

  1. Name the vow of truthfulness in Jainism.
    Answer: Satya

 

  1. Name the vow of non-possession in Jainism.
    Answer: Aparigraha

 

  1. Name the vow of celibacy in Jainism.
    Answer: Brahmacharya

 

  1. Name the two main sects of Jainism.
    Answer: Shvetambaras and Digambaras

 

  1. Name the sect of Jainism that wears white clothes.
    Answer: Shvetambaras

 

  1. Name the sect of Jainism that practices nudity.
    Answer: Digambaras

 

  1. Name the place where Jain temples of Dilwara are located.
    Answer: Mount Abu

 

  1. Name the king who supported Jainism.
    Answer: Chandragupta Maurya

 

  1. Name the founder of Buddhism.
    Answer: Gautama Buddha

 

  1. Name the place where Gautama Buddha was born.
    Answer: Lumbini

 

  1. Name the place where Buddha attained Enlightenment.
    Answer: Bodh Gaya

 

  1. Name the tree under which Buddha attained Enlightenment.
    Answer: Bodhi Tree

 

  1. Name the place where Buddha gave his first sermon.
    Answer: Sarnath

 

  1. Name the event when Buddha gave his first sermon.
    Answer: Dharmachakrapravartana

 

  1. Name the place where Buddha died.
    Answer: Kushinagar

 

  1. Name Buddha’s original name.
    Answer: Siddhartha

 

  1. Name the clan into which Siddhartha was born.
    Answer: Shakya

 

  1. Name the sacred texts of Buddhism.
    Answer: Tripitakas

 

  1. Name the language of early Buddhist scriptures.
    Answer: Pali

 

  1. Name the three Pitakas of Tripitakas.
    Answer: Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka

 

  1. Name the collection of stories about Buddha’s previous births.
    Answer: Jataka Tales

 

  1. Name the Buddhist term for the end of the cycle of rebirth.
    Answer: Nirvana

 

  1. Name the Buddhist monastic organisation.
    Answer: Sangha

 

  1. Name the residences of Buddhist monks.
    Answer: Viharas

 

  1. Name any two countries where Buddhism spread outside India.
    Answer: Sri Lanka and China

 

  1. Name the two main sects of Buddhism.
    Answer: Hinayana and Mahayana

 

  1. Name the sect of Buddhism that worships Buddha as a god.
    Answer: Mahayana

 

  1. Name the stricter and older sect of Buddhism.
    Answer: Hinayana

 

  1. Name the moral law of Buddhism.
    Answer: Dhamma

 

  1. Name the king who helped in the spread of Buddhism.
    Answer: Ashoka

 

  1. Name the battle after which Ashoka adopted Buddhism.
    Answer: Battle of Kalinga

 

  1. Name the Buddhist structure built to enshrine Buddha’s relics.
    Answer: Stupa

 

  1. Name the major cause for the decline of Buddhism.
    Answer: Corruption in Sangha

 

  1. Name the religion that influenced Buddhism’s decline in India.
    Answer: Hinduism

 

  1. Name the language whose limited reach caused the decline of Buddhism.
    Answer: Pali

 

  1. Name the religious concept common to both Jainism and Buddhism.
    Answer: Ahimsa

 

  1. Name the century in which Jainism and Buddhism originated.
    Answer: 6th century BCE

 

  1. Name the Indian emperor who built many stupas and viharas.
    Answer: Ashoka

Answer in One Word

  1. Who was the founder of Jainism?
    Answer: Mahavira

 

  1. Where was Mahavira born?
    Answer: Kundagrama

 

  1. Where did Mahavira die?
    Answer: Pava

 

  1. What is the final goal in Jainism?
    Answer: Moksha

 

  1. What is the Jain term for non-violence?
    Answer: Ahimsa

 

  1. What is the sacred text of Jainism?
    Answer: Angas

 

  1. What is the language of Jain texts?
    Answer: Prakrit

 

  1. Who was the first Tirthankara of Jainism?
    Answer: Rishabhanatha

 

  1. Who was the 23rd Tirthankara?
    Answer: Parshvanatha

 

  1. How many Tirthankaras are there in Jainism?
    Answer: Twenty-four

 

  1. What is the doctrine of three jewels in Jainism called?
    Answer: Tri-ratna

 

  1. Which Jain vow means non-stealing?
    Answer: Asteya

 

  1. Which Jain vow means celibacy?
    Answer: Brahmacharya

 

  1. Which sect of Jainism wears white clothes?
    Answer: Shvetambaras

 

  1. Which sect of Jainism practices nudity?
    Answer: Digambaras

 

  1. What is the law of action and result called?
    Answer: Karma

 

  1. Where are the famous Jain temples located in Rajasthan?
    Answer: Mount Abu

 

  1. Who was the founder of Buddhism?
    Answer: Buddha

 

  1. What was Buddha’s real name?
    Answer: Siddhartha

 

  1. Where was Buddha born?
    Answer: Lumbini

 

  1. Where did Buddha attain Enlightenment?
    Answer: Bodh Gaya

 

  1. Under which tree did Buddha meditate?
    Answer: Bodhi

 

  1. Where did Buddha deliver his first sermon?
    Answer: Sarnath

 

  1. What is the term for Buddha’s first sermon?
    Answer: Dharmachakrapravartana

 

  1. Where did Buddha die?
    Answer: Kushinagar

 

  1. What is the ultimate aim in Buddhism?
    Answer: Nirvana

 

  1. What is the name of Buddhist moral code?
    Answer: Dhamma

 

  1. What is the name of the Buddhist monastic order?
    Answer: Sangha

 

  1. What are Buddhist monasteries called?
    Answer: Viharas

 

  1. What are the sacred texts of Buddhism called?
    Answer: Tripitakas

 

  1. What is the language of early Buddhist texts?
    Answer: Pali

 

  1. What is the collective name for Buddha’s previous birth stories?
    Answer: Jatakas

 

  1. What is the Buddhist term for desire?
    Answer: Tanha

 

  1. What is the path taught by Buddha called?
    Answer: Eightfold

 

  1. What is the cause of suffering according to Buddha?
    Answer: Desire

 

  1. What is the stricter, original sect of Buddhism?
    Answer: Hinayana

 

  1. What is the liberal sect of Buddhism?
    Answer: Mahayana

 

  1. Who was the king who embraced Buddhism after Kalinga?
    Answer: Ashoka

 

  1. Which emperor helped spread Buddhism?
    Answer: Ashoka

 

  1. What is the battle that led Ashoka to Buddhism?
    Answer: Kalinga

 

  1. What structure enshrines Buddha’s relics?
    Answer: Stupa

 

  1. What language’s limited reach led to Buddhism’s decline?
    Answer: Pali

 

  1. Which institution’s corruption led to Buddhism’s decline?
    Answer: Sangha

 

  1. Which religion reformed itself and contributed to Buddhism’s decline?
    Answer: Hinduism

 

  1. In which century did Jainism and Buddhism arise?
    Answer: Sixth

 

  1. Which country outside India adopted Buddhism early?
    Answer: Sri Lanka

 

  1. Which religion does not believe in a permanent soul?
    Answer: Buddhism

 

  1. Which religion believes strongly in penance?
    Answer: Jainism

 

  1. What is the Jain term for omniscience?
    Answer: Kaivalya

 

  1. What do both Jainism and Buddhism oppose?
    Answer: Caste

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    Ch 11 – Hydrosphere
    Ch 12 – Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere
    Ch 13 – Insolation
    Ch 14 – Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
    Ch 15 – Humidity
    Ch 16 – Pollution
    Ch 17 – Sources of Pollution
    Ch 18 – Effects of Pollution
    Ch 19 – Preventive Measures
    Ch 20 – Natural Regions of the World

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Find the Odd Man Out

  1. Mahavira, Rishabhanatha, Parshvanatha, Gautama Buddha
    Answer: Gautama Buddha
    Explanation: He was the founder of Buddhism, not a Jain Tirthankara.

 

  1. Ahimsa, Satya, Vedas, Aparigraha
    Answer: Vedas
    Explanation: Vedas are not part of Jain vows, unlike the others.

 

  1. Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Shravanabelagola
    Answer: Shravanabelagola
    Explanation: It is a Jain pilgrimage site, others are related to Buddhism.

 

  1. Digambaras, Shvetambaras, Mahayana, Hinayana
    Answer: Digambaras
    Explanation: Digambaras belong to Jainism; the others are Buddhist sects.

 

  1. Sutta Pitaka, Vinaya Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka, Angas
    Answer: Angas
    Explanation: Angas are Jain texts; others are parts of Buddhist Tripitakas.

 

  1. Right Speech, Right Action, Right Meditation, Right Worship
    Answer: Right Worship
    Explanation: Worship is not part of the Eightfold Path.

 

  1. Jatakas, Tripitakas, Vedas, Dhamma
    Answer: Vedas
    Explanation: Vedas are Hindu scriptures; others are Buddhist.

 

  1. Nirvana, Moksha, Kaivalya, Karma
    Answer: Karma
    Explanation: Karma is a principle, not a state of liberation.

 

  1. Prakrit, Sanskrit, Pali, Hindi
    Answer: Hindi
    Explanation: It was not used in ancient Jain or Buddhist scriptures.

 

  1. Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka, Bimbisara, Akbar
    Answer: Akbar
    Explanation: He ruled much later and had no link with Jainism or Buddhism.

 

  1. Ahimsa, Asteya, Satya, Bhakti
    Answer: Bhakti
    Explanation: Bhakti is related to devotion, not a Jain vow.

 

  1. Shravanabelagola, Mount Abu, Nalanda, Pava
    Answer: Nalanda
    Explanation: Nalanda is a Buddhist monastic university; others are Jain sites.

 

  1. Sarnath, Kushinagar, Gaya, Kurukshetra
    Answer: Kurukshetra
    Explanation: It is related to Hindu mythology, not Buddhism.

 

  1. Buddha, Mahavira, Rishabhanatha, Parshvanatha
    Answer: Buddha
    Explanation: He is not a Jain Tirthankara.

 

  1. Shakya, Vaishya, Kshatriya, Brahmana
    Answer: Vaishya
    Explanation: Buddha belonged to the Shakya Kshatriya clan, not Vaishya.

 

  1. Ashoka, Kharavela, Mahapadma Nanda, Chandragupta Maurya
    Answer: Mahapadma Nanda
    Explanation: He was not associated with Jainism or Buddhism.

 

  1. Vinaya Pitaka, Dhamma, Sangha, Kaivalya
    Answer: Kaivalya
    Explanation: Kaivalya is a Jain concept, others are Buddhist.

 

  1. Right Belief, Right Conduct, Right Intellect, Right Knowledge
    Answer: Right Intellect
    Explanation: It is not part of the Jain Tri-ratna.

 

  1. Penance, Worship, Fast, Renunciation
    Answer: Worship
    Explanation: Jainism and Buddhism focus more on action than ritual worship.

 

  1. Tripitakas, Angas, Jatakas, Vinaya
    Answer: Angas
    Explanation: Angas are Jain texts; others are Buddhist.

 

  1. Sutta Pitaka, Dhamma, Sangha, Shvetambara
    Answer: Shvetambara
    Explanation: Shvetambara is a Jain sect, not Buddhist.

 

  1. Stupa, Vihara, Chaitya, Mosque
    Answer: Mosque
    Explanation: It is an Islamic place of worship.

 

  1. Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana, Digambara
    Answer: Digambara
    Explanation: Digambara is a Jain sect.

 

  1. Jainism, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism
    Answer: Christianity
    Explanation: It is not an Indian-origin religion.

 

  1. Non-violence, Truth, Meditation, Idol Worship
    Answer: Idol Worship
    Explanation: Jainism and early Buddhism discouraged idol worship.

 

  1. Siddhartha, Mahavira, Buddha, Ashoka
    Answer: Ashoka
    Explanation: He was a king, not a religious founder.

 

  1. Parshvanatha, Mahavira, Rishabhanatha, Siddhartha
    Answer: Siddhartha
    Explanation: Siddhartha (Buddha) was not a Tirthankara.

 

  1. Jain temples, Stupas, Viharas, Mosques
    Answer: Mosques
    Explanation: Mosque is not a structure related to Jainism or Buddhism.

 

  1. Rebirth, Karma, Vedas, Nirvana
    Answer: Vedas
    Explanation: Vedas are not accepted by Jainism or Buddhism.

 

  1. Prakrit, Pali, Persian, Sanskrit
    Answer: Persian
    Explanation: It is not linked to Jain or Buddhist scriptures.

 

  1. Sarnath, Lumbini, Varanasi, Bodh Gaya
    Answer: Varanasi
    Explanation: It is not directly associated with Buddha’s life events.

 

  1. Chandragupta, Ashoka, Akbar, Kharavela
    Answer: Akbar
    Explanation: He lived much later and followed Islam.

 

  1. Dharma, Artha, Kama, Nirvana
    Answer: Nirvana
    Explanation: The others are Hindu goals of life; Nirvana is Buddhist.

 

  1. Vedas, Brahmanas, Angas, Upanishads
    Answer: Angas
    Explanation: It is a Jain text; others are Hindu.

 

  1. Shvetambara, Digambara, Mahayana, Hinayana
    Answer: Mahayana
    Explanation: It is Buddhist; the others are Jain sects.

 

  1. Viharas, Sangha, Dhamma, Asteya
    Answer: Asteya
    Explanation: It is a Jain vow; others are Buddhist concepts.

 

  1. Jainism, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism
    Answer: Islam
    Explanation: It did not originate in India.

 

  1. Nirvana, Moksha, Salvation, Mahayana
    Answer: Mahayana
    Explanation: It is a Buddhist sect, not a term for liberation.

 

  1. Prakrit, Brahmi, Pali, Tamil
    Answer: Tamil
    Explanation: It is not the canonical language of Jain/Buddhist texts.

 

  1. Fasting, Penance, Luxury, Renunciation
    Answer: Luxury
    Explanation: Opposed by both Jain and Buddhist teachings.

 

  1. Lumbini, Vaishali, Pava, Ujjain
    Answer: Ujjain
    Explanation: It is not related to Buddha or Mahavira’s life.

 

  1. Samvara, Nirjara, Ashrava, Sutta
    Answer: Sutta
    Explanation: Sutta is Buddhist; others are Jain concepts.

 

  1. Vinaya, Sutta, Abhidhamma, Bhakti
    Answer: Bhakti
    Explanation: It is a devotional practice, not part of Tripitakas.

 

  1. Meditation, Sacrifice, Morality, Wisdom
    Answer: Sacrifice
    Explanation: Rejected by both Jainism and Buddhism.

 

  1. Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Confucianism
    Answer: Confucianism
    Explanation: It originated in China, not India.

 

  1. Ahimsa, Karma, Moksha, Bhakti
    Answer: Bhakti
    Explanation: Central to Hinduism, not to Jainism or early Buddhism.

 

  1. Shravanabelagola, Rajgir, Sarnath, Bodh Gaya
    Answer: Shravanabelagola
    Explanation: It is a Jain site, others are Buddhist.

 

  1. Bodhi Tree, Ashoka Chakra, Jain Cave, Sanchi Stupa
    Answer: Jain Cave
    Explanation: All others are Buddhist symbols/sites.

 

  1. Mahavira, Gautama, Buddha, Siddhartha
    Answer: Mahavira
    Explanation: All others are names of the same person — Buddha.

 

  1. Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, Angas, Abhidhamma Pitaka
    Answer: Angas
    Explanation: Angas are Jain texts; others are parts of the Tripitakas.

Match the Pair

Set 1 – Match the Pairs

  1. Mahavira
  2. Kundagrama
  3. Kaivalya
  4. Parshvanatha
  5. Digambaras
  1. Birthplace of Mahavira
    b. Belief in complete nudity
    c. 23rd Tirthankara
     d. Founder of Jainism (reformer)
     e. Perfect knowledge in Jainism

Correct Answers – Set 1
 1 – d
 2 – a
 3 – e
 4 – c
 5 – b



Set 2 – Match the Pairs

  1. Tripitakas
  2. Jatakas
  3. Sangha
  4. Bodh Gaya
  5. Dharmachakrapravartana
  1. Stories of Buddha’s previous births
    b. Turning of the Wheel of Law
    c. Buddhist monastic order
     d. Sacred texts of Buddhism
     e. Place of Buddha’s Enlightenment

Correct Answers – Set 2
 1 – d
 2 – a
 3 – c
 4 – e
 5 – b



Set 3 – Match the Pairs

  1. Asteya
  2. Brahmacharya
  3. Satya
  4. Ahimsa
  5. Aparigraha
  1. Non-possession
    b. Celibacy
    c. Truthfulness
     d. Non-stealing
     e. Non-violence

Correct Answers – Set 3
 1 – d
 2 – b
 3 – c
 4 – e
 5 – a



Set 4 – Match the Pairs

  1. Lumbini
  2. Sarnath
  3. Kushinagar
  4. Kapilavastu
  5. Bodhi Tree
  1. Buddha’s death
    b. Enlightenment
    c. Birthplace of Buddha
     d. Capital of Shakya clan
     e. First sermon

Correct Answers – Set 4
 1 – c
 2 – e
 3 – a
 4 – d
 5 – b



Set 5 – Match the Pairs

  1. Tri-ratna
  2. Moksha
  3. Karma
  4. Nirvana
  5. Pali
  1. Language of Buddhist scriptures
    b. Ultimate goal in Jainism
    c. Cause and effect principle
     d. Enlightenment in Buddhism
     e. Right faith, knowledge, conduct

Correct Answers – Set 5
 1 – e
 2 – b
 3 – c
 4 – d
 5 – a




Set 6 – Match the Pairs

  1. Shvetambaras
  2. Viharas
  3. Ashoka
  4. Stupas
  5. Vinaya Pitaka
  1. Buddhist code of conduct
    b. Wore white clothes
    c. Monasteries
     d. Emperor who spread Buddhism
     e. Dome-shaped Buddhist structures

Correct Answers – Set 6
 1 – b
 2 – c
 3 – d
 4 – e
 5 – a




Set 7 – Match the Pairs

  1. Rishabhanatha
  2. Hinayana
  3. Mahayana
  4. Upanishads
  5. Sutta Pitaka
  1. First Jain Tirthankara
    b. Liberal school of Buddhism
    c. Conservative school of Buddhism
     d. Buddhist discourses
     e. Hindu philosophical texts

Correct Answers – Set 7
 1 – a
 2 – c
 3 – b
 4 – e
 5 – d



Set 8 – Match the Pairs

  1. Samyak Darshan
  2. Samyak Gyaan
  3. Samyak Charitra
  4. Tirthankaras
  5. Sallekhana
  1. Right conduct
    b. Spiritual teachers of Jainism
    c. Voluntary fast unto death
     d. Right knowledge
     e. Right faith

Correct Answers – Set 8
 1 – e
 2 – d
 3 – a
 4 – b
 5 – c



Set 9 – Match the Pairs

  1. Vaishali
  2. Pava
  3. Mount Abu
  4. Nalanda
  5. Shravanabelagola
  1. Jain pilgrimage site in Karnataka
    b. Death place of Mahavira
    c. Site of Jain temples
     d. Place related to Mahavira’s preaching
     e. Buddhist university

Correct Answers – Set 9
 1 – d
 2 – b
 3 – c
 4 – e
 5 – a



Set 10 – Match the Pairs

  1. Eightfold Path
  2. Four Noble Truths
  3. Middle Path
  4. Dhamma
  5. Sangha
  1. Doctrine of Buddhism
    b. Avoiding extremes
    c. Buddhist moral code
     d. Buddhist community
     e. Path for ending suffering

Correct Answers – Set 10
 1 – e
 2 – a
 3 – b
 4 – c
 5 – d

Short Answer Questions  

  1. Who was the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism?
    Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism.

 

  1. Where was Mahavira born?
    Mahavira was born at Kundagrama near Vaishali in Bihar.

 

  1. What is Kaivalya in Jainism?
    Kaivalya is the state of perfect knowledge or salvation in Jainism.

 

  1. What language did Mahavira preach in?
    Mahavira preached in Prakrit to make his teachings accessible to common people.

 

  1. Name any one sacred Jain text.
    The Angas are considered sacred Jain texts.

 

  1. Who was the 23rd Tirthankara?
    Parshvanatha was the 23rd Tirthankara of Jainism.

 

  1. What is the meaning of Ahimsa?
    Ahimsa means non-violence towards all living beings.

 

  1. What does the vow of Aparigraha stand for?
    Aparigraha means non-possession or non-attachment to material things.

 

  1. What is Sallekhana in Jainism?
    Sallekhana is a voluntary fast unto death practiced by Jain monks.

 

  1. What is the Jain belief about soul?
    Jains believe that every living being has an eternal soul.

 

  1. What is the significance of Prakrit in Jainism?
    Prakrit was the language used to spread Mahavira’s teachings among the masses.

 

  1. What is the Jain concept of Karma?
    Jains believe that karma is a subtle matter that binds the soul to the cycle of rebirth.

 

  1. What are Tri-ratnas in Jainism?
    Tri-ratnas are Right Faith, Right Knowledge, and Right Conduct.

 

  1. What is the goal of Jainism?
    The goal of Jainism is to attain Moksha or liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

 

  1. What is the meaning of ‘Digambara’?
    Digambara means “sky-clad”, referring to Jain monks who do not wear clothes.

 

  1. Name the two major sects of Jainism.
    The two major sects are Shvetambaras and Digambaras.

 

  1. What caused the spread of Jainism?
    Use of local dialects, royal patronage, and saintly missionaries caused the spread of Jainism.

 

  1. What led to the decline of Jainism?
    Strict practices and lack of royal support led to the decline of Jainism.

 

  1. Who was Gautama Buddha?
    Gautama Buddha was the founder of Buddhism.

 

  1. Where was Buddha born?
    Buddha was born at Lumbini in present-day Nepal.

 

  1. Where did Buddha attain Enlightenment?
    Buddha attained Enlightenment under a peepal tree at Bodh Gaya.

 

  1. Where did Buddha deliver his first sermon?
    Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath.

 

  1. What is the meaning of Nirvana in Buddhism?
    Nirvana means liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and suffering.

 

  1. What are the Four Noble Truths?
    The Four Noble Truths are the truths of suffering, its cause, its end, and the path to end it.

 

  1. Name the path Buddha taught to end suffering.
    Buddha taught the Eightfold Path to end suffering.

 

  1. What does the Eightfold Path include?
    It includes right belief, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and meditation.

 

  1. What is the Sangha?
    The Sangha was the monastic community of Buddhist monks and nuns.

 

  1. What are Viharas?
    Viharas were monasteries where Buddhist monks lived and meditated.

 

  1. What are the Tripitakas?
    Tripitakas are the sacred texts of Buddhism.

 

  1. In which language were the Tripitakas written?
    The Tripitakas were written in Pali language.

 

  1. What are Jatakas?
    Jatakas are stories about the previous births of the Buddha.

 

  1. What is the significance of Dharmachakrapravartana?
    It refers to Buddha’s first sermon, meaning the turning of the Wheel of Law.

 

  1. What is the meaning of ‘Hinayana’?
    Hinayana means “Lesser Vehicle”, a conservative sect of Buddhism.

 

  1. What is the meaning of ‘Mahayana’?
    Mahayana means “Greater Vehicle”, a liberal sect of Buddhism.

 

  1. What led to the spread of Buddhism?
    Royal patronage, simple teachings, and missionary efforts led to its spread.

 

  1. Who played a key role in spreading Buddhism outside India?
    Emperor Ashoka played a major role in spreading Buddhism.

 

  1. Why did Buddhism oppose casteism?
    Buddhism taught equality and universal brotherhood.

 

  1. What is Karma in Buddhism?
    Karma refers to actions that determine one’s future births.

 

  1. What caused the decline of Buddhism?
    Division into sects, corruption in Sangha, and Hindu revival caused its decline.

 

  1. What are the two main sects of Buddhism?
    The two main sects are Hinayana and Mahayana.

 

  1. What is Buddha called after Enlightenment?
    He is called the Enlightened One or Tathagata.

 

  1. What is the Buddhist attitude toward rituals?
    Buddhism rejected blind faith and elaborate rituals.

 

  1. What is the role of morality in Buddhism?
    Buddhism emphasizes right conduct and moral living.

 

  1. What is meant by universal brotherhood in Buddhism?
    It is the belief that all beings are equal and deserve compassion.

 

  1. What was Ashoka’s contribution to Buddhism?
    Ashoka promoted Buddhism through edicts and sent missionaries abroad.

 

  1. What was the role of the Sangha in spreading Buddhism?
    The Sangha trained monks and nuns who spread Buddhist teachings.

 

  1. What type of architecture did Buddhism promote?
    Buddhism promoted stupas, chaityas, and viharas.

 

  1. What is a stupa?
    A stupa is a dome-shaped structure built to house Buddhist relics.

 

  1. What is the difference in language used in Jain and Buddhist texts?
    Jain texts were written in Prakrit, while Buddhist texts were in Pali.

 

  1. How are Jainism and Buddhism similar?
    Both rejected the Vedas, rituals, and caste system, and promoted non-violence and self-discipline.

Puzzles

  1. I am a symbol of peace, born under a tree, and my first sermon was at Sarnath. Who am I?
    Answer: Gautama Buddha

 

  1. I left my royal home at the age of 30, practiced penance, and taught Ahimsa. Who am I?
    Answer: Mahavira

 

  1. I am a language, not Sanskrit, used to write down Buddhist teachings. What am I?
    Answer: Pali

 

  1. I consist of Three Jewels – Right Faith, Right Knowledge, and Right Conduct. What am I?
    Answer: Tri-Ratnas (Jainism)

 

  1. I am the collection of Buddha’s teachings, arranged in three baskets. What am I?
    Answer: Tripitakas

 

  1. I’m a vow that asks you not to lie. What am I?
    Answer: Satya

 

  1. I symbolize the end of rebirth in Buddhism. What am I?
    Answer: Nirvana

 

  1. I’m a huge statue in Karnataka carved out of a single stone, worshipped by Jains. What am I?
    Answer: Gomateshwara

 

  1. I’m a Buddhist belief of cause and effect. Good or bad, I come back to you. What am I?
    Answer: Karma

 

  1. I am a sacred place where Buddha attained Enlightenment. Where am I?
    Answer: Bodh Gaya

 

  1. I am the act of voluntarily fasting unto death in Jainism. What am I?
    Answer: Sallekhana

 

  1. I am the Buddhist storybook containing tales from Buddha’s previous lives. What am I?
    Answer: Jatakas

 

  1. I am the sect that wears white clothes in Jainism. Who am I?
    Answer: Shvetambaras

 

  1. I am the sect that believes in complete nudity. Who am I?
    Answer: Digambaras

 

  1. I am the first sermon of Buddha after Enlightenment. What am I?
    Answer: Dharmachakrapravartana

 

  1. I am the name of the king who embraced Buddhism after the Kalinga War. Who am I?
    Answer: Ashoka

 

  1. I am the tree under which Buddha attained Enlightenment. What am I?
    Answer: Bodhi Tree

 

  1. I am a Jain term for complete knowledge. What am I?
    Answer: Kevalya

 

  1. I was born at Lumbini and became a world teacher. Who am I?
    Answer: Gautama Buddha

 

  1. I represent Right Conduct in Jainism’s Tri-ratnas. What am I?
    Answer: Samyak Charitra

 

  1. I am the emperor who built stupas and pillars with inscriptions. Who am I?
    Answer: Ashoka

 

  1. I am the philosophy that the soul is eternal and distinct from the body. Which religion teaches me?
    Answer: Jainism

 

  1. I am the monastic community formed by Buddha. What am I?
    Answer: Sangha

 

  1. I am the Jain principle of non-stealing. What am I?
    Answer: Asteya

 

  1. I am the language in which Jain Agamas were written. What am I?
    Answer: Prakrit

 

  1. I am the cycle of birth and rebirth. What am I called?
    Answer: Samsara

 

  1. I am the Buddhist path that includes right speech and right effort. What am I?
    Answer: Eightfold Path

 

  1. I am the most sacred Jain temple complex on Mount Abu. What am I?
    Answer: Dilwara Temples

 

  1. I am the ancient republic where Mahavira was born. What am I?
    Answer: Vajji

 

  1. I am the ethical rule of Jainism against material attachment. What am I?
    Answer: Aparigraha

 

  1. I am the symbol of Buddhist law and teachings. What am I?
    Answer: Dharma Chakra

 

  1. I am the practice of extreme non-violence. Which religion promotes me most?
    Answer: Jainism

 

  1. I am the final goal of the soul in Jainism. What am I?
    Answer: Moksha

 

  1. I am a religion that doesn’t recognize creator God but emphasizes ethics. Which one am I?
    Answer: Buddhism

 

  1. I am a Buddhist concept – the cause of suffering. What am I?
    Answer: Desire

 

  1. I am a moral tale of previous births of Buddha. Where am I found?
    Answer: Jatakas

 

  1. I am the Buddhist monastic rulebook. What am I?
    Answer: Vinaya Pitaka

 

  1. I am a path Buddha advised to avoid both luxury and extreme austerity. What am I?
    Answer: Middle Path

 

  1. I am the belief that animals, plants, and even insects have souls. Which religion teaches me?
    Answer: Jainism

 

  1. I was a prince before becoming the Enlightened One. Who am I?
    Answer: Siddhartha Gautama

 

  1. I am the collective term for Jain sacred texts. What am I?
    Answer: Agamas

 

  1. I am a massive hemispherical structure that houses relics. What am I?
    Answer: Stupa

 

  1. I represent one of the Four Noble Truths and the reason for suffering. What am I?
    Answer: Trishna (Desire)

 

  1. I was the capital of King Suddhodana. Where am I?
    Answer: Kapilavastu

 

  1. I am the philosophy of action and consequence. Found in both Jainism and Buddhism. What am I?
    Answer: Karma

 

  1. I am the commandment to abstain from intoxicants. Part of which religious code?
    Answer: Buddhism

 

  1. I am the vow of celibacy in Jainism. What am I?
    Answer: Brahmacharya

 

  1. I am the Buddhist term for selfless compassion and kindness. What am I?
    Answer: Karuna

 

  1. I am the community of Jain followers and monks. What am I?
    Answer: Jain Sangha

 

  1. I am the capital where Buddha delivered many sermons and set up the Sangha. Where am I?
    Answer: Sarnath

Difference Between:

  1. Difference between Jainism and Buddhism on belief in soul:
    Jainism believes in an eternal, individual soul (jiva) for each being, while Buddhism denies the existence of a permanent soul (anatta).

 

  1. Difference between Mahavira and Buddha on origin:
    Mahavira was born in Kundagrama near Vaishali, while Buddha was born in Lumbini, present-day Nepal.

 

  1. Difference between Jainism and Buddhism on Ahimsa:
    Ahimsa in Jainism is absolute and extreme, avoiding harm even to microbes; in Buddhism, Ahimsa is important but not practiced as rigidly.

 

  1. Difference between Jainism and Buddhism on attitude to Vedas:
    Both rejected Vedic authority, but Jainism was more rigid and openly anti-Vedic, while Buddhism maintained a neutral attitude.

 

  1. Difference between Jainism and Buddhism on path to salvation:
    Jainism emphasizes extreme penance and self-mortification, whereas Buddhism emphasizes the Middle Path of moderation.

 

  1. Difference between Mahavira and Buddha on their royal background:
    Mahavira belonged to the Kshatriya clan of the Lichchhavis; Buddha was a prince of the Sakya clan.

 

  1. Difference between Jainism and Buddhism on rituals and sacrifices:
    Jainism strictly condemned rituals; Buddhism discouraged them but was more inclusive, especially in later Mahayana tradition.

 

  1. Difference between Jainism and Buddhism on missionary activities:
    Buddhism was highly missionary and spread across Asia, whereas Jainism remained localized due to its strict lifestyle.

 

  1. Difference between Shvetambaras and Digambaras:
    Shvetambaras wear white clothes and allow women in the order; Digambaras believe in nudity and do not admit women.

 

  1. Difference between Hinayana and Mahayana:
    Hinayana views Buddha as a teacher and focuses on individual salvation; Mahayana sees Buddha as divine and emphasizes universal salvation.

 

  1. Difference between Tripitakas and Agamas:
    Tripitakas are the sacred Buddhist scriptures written in Pali; Agamas are the Jain canonical texts in Prakrit.

 

  1. Difference between Nirvana and Moksha:
    Nirvana in Buddhism is the cessation of suffering and rebirth; Moksha in Jainism is liberation of the soul from karmic bondage.

 

  1. Difference between Sangha and Vihara:
    Sangha refers to the monastic community of Buddhists; Vihara refers to the residence of monks.

 

  1. Difference between Right Knowledge in Jainism and Right Thought in Buddhism:
    Right Knowledge (Jainism) is true and correct understanding; Right Thought (Buddhism) means developing positive mental attitudes.

 

  1. Difference between Kevalya and Enlightenment:
    Kevalya (Jainism) is omniscience attained by the soul; Enlightenment (Buddhism) is awakening to the truth of existence.

 

  1. Difference between Sallekhana and Self-Mortification:
    Sallekhana is voluntary peaceful death in Jainism; self-mortification in Buddhism was discouraged after Buddha’s Middle Path teaching.

 

  1. Difference between Buddhist stupa and Jain temple:
    Buddhist stupa is a dome-shaped structure preserving relics; Jain temple is often ornate and houses images of Tirthankaras.

 

  1. Difference between Buddhist concept of karma and Jain concept:
    In Buddhism, karma is psychological and ethical; in Jainism, karma is a physical substance that binds the soul.

 

  1. Difference between moral focus of Jainism and Buddhism:
    Jainism emphasizes personal asceticism and vows; Buddhism emphasizes compassion, mindfulness, and ethics in daily life.

 

  1. Difference between role of women in Jainism and Buddhism:
    Buddhism allowed women into the Sangha (after some hesitation); Digambara Jains do not permit women to attain liberation.

Assertion and Reason

Key for options (as per standard exam format):
 (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
 (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
 (C) A is true, but R is false.
 (D) A is false, but R is true.


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism rejected the authority of the Vedas.
    Reason (R): Jainism was opposed to idol worship.
     Answer: C
     Explanation: Jainism rejected Vedas, but accepted idol worship later.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Mahavira is called the founder of Jainism.
    Reason (R): He was the first Tirthankara of Jainism.
     Answer: C
     Explanation: Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara, not the first.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism and Buddhism arose as a protest against ritualism.
    Reason (R): Vedic religion was dominated by priests and sacrifices.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both statements are true and R explains A.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Mahavira preached in Prakrit language.
    Reason (R): He wanted his teachings to be understood by common people.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Prakrit was widely spoken by common people.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Buddha attained Enlightenment under a banyan tree.
    Reason (R): The banyan tree is called the Bodhi Tree.
     Answer: D
     Explanation: Enlightenment was under a peepal (not banyan) tree.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism believes in severe penance and austerity.
    Reason (R): It considers penance essential for destroying karma.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both A and R are true, and R explains A.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Buddhism supports caste-based social division.
    Reason (R): Buddha preached universal brotherhood.
     Answer: D
     Explanation: Buddhism rejected caste, while R is true.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Mahavira and Buddha both belonged to royal families.
    Reason (R): Both renounced worldly life in search of truth.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both are true, and R explains A.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Buddha believed that desire is the cause of suffering.
    Reason (R): Eliminating desire leads to the end of suffering.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: This is the core of Four Noble Truths.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism believes in the existence of a permanent soul.
    Reason (R): The soul is destroyed after achieving liberation.
     Answer: C
     Explanation: Soul is not destroyed; it achieves liberation.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Buddhism promoted non-violence.
    Reason (R): Killing animals was necessary in Buddhist rituals.
     Answer: C
     Explanation: R is false; Buddhism opposes animal killing.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Angas are the sacred texts of Buddhism.
    Reason (R): They were written in Pali language.
     Answer: D
     Explanation: Angas are Jain texts, not Buddhist.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Mahavira attained Kaivalya at the age of 42.
    Reason (R): He meditated under a peepal tree for seven days.
     Answer: C
     Explanation: Kaivalya is correct, but tree detail is not.

 


  1. Assertion (A): The Sangha was open to all, including women.
    Reason (R): Buddhism encouraged renunciation and equality.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both A and R are true, and R explains A.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Mahayana Buddhism believed in idol worship.
    Reason (R): It considered Buddha a divine figure.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both are true and related.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism spread quickly because of its flexible principles.
    Reason (R): Jainism strictly opposed all forms of violence.
     Answer: B
     Explanation: Both are true, but R doesn’t explain A.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Buddha was born in Lumbini.
    Reason (R): Lumbini is located in modern-day Nepal.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both facts are true and linked.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism encourages the worship of God.
    Reason (R): Mahavira was considered an incarnation of Vishnu.
     Answer: D
     Explanation: Jainism does not promote belief in a creator God.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath.
    Reason (R): This event is known as Dharmachakrapravartana.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both statements are true and connected.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Tripitakas are Jain scriptures.
    Reason (R): They were written in Prakrit language.
     Answer: D
     Explanation: Tripitakas are Buddhist, and in Pali.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Buddha attained enlightenment at Bodh Gaya.
    Reason (R): It is located in Bihar.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both facts are accurate and connected.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism believes in worship of multiple deities.
    Reason (R): Mahavira introduced polytheism.
     Answer: D
     Explanation: Jainism focuses on self-liberation, not deity worship.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Viharas were Buddhist monasteries.
    Reason (R): They were used for meditation and education.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both are true and R explains A.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism rejected caste system.
    Reason (R): Jainism promoted social equality.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both statements are correct and related.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Ashoka adopted Jainism after the Kalinga War.
    Reason (R): He was moved by the suffering caused in war.
     Answer: C
     Explanation: He adopted Buddhism, not Jainism.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Karma plays an important role in Jainism and Buddhism.
    Reason (R): Both believe karma determines rebirth.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: True for both religions.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Buddha approved of animal sacrifice.
    Reason (R): He believed it helped in salvation.
     Answer: D
     Explanation: Both are false.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jain temples at Mount Abu are famous for their carvings.
    Reason (R): Jainism contributed significantly to art.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both are true and connected.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism declined due to lack of royal patronage.
    Reason (R): It had rigid practices unsuitable for the masses.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both reasons contributed and are linked.

 


  1. Assertion (A): The Mahayana sect believes in strict monastic life.
    Reason (R): It avoids idol worship and rituals.
     Answer: D
     Explanation: Mahayana is more liberal and encourages idol worship.

 


  1. Assertion (A): The Jain doctrine of non-violence includes non-killing of even insects.
    Reason (R): Jains believe all life has a soul.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both are true and related.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Gautama Buddha was called the ‘Light of Asia’.
    Reason (R): His teachings had wide influence across Asia.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both statements are correct and linked.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism encouraged ritual sacrifices.
    Reason (R): Jainism believed rituals help destroy karma.
     Answer: D
     Explanation: Both are false.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism and Buddhism both started in the 6th century BCE.
    Reason (R): The socio-religious conditions were similar.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both arose due to similar causes.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism believes in salvation without the help of God.
    Reason (R): Liberation is achieved through self-effort.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both statements are true and linked.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Mahavira and Buddha met and discussed their views.
    Reason (R): Both lived at the same time in the same region.
     Answer: C
     Explanation: They were contemporaries but never met.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jain monks wore white clothes.
    Reason (R): It was symbolic of purity.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: True for Shvetambaras.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Buddha encouraged people to follow the middle path.
    Reason (R): He believed extreme luxury and austerity are harmful.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: This is central to Buddhist teaching.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Buddha believed in blind faith.
    Reason (R): He taught people to question and reason.
     Answer: D
     Explanation: A is false, R is true.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism and Buddhism both stressed moral conduct.
    Reason (R): They valued ethical living over rituals.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both statements are true and linked.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism believes in one universal God.
    Reason (R): Jains offer prayers to Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
     Answer: D
     Explanation: Both statements are false.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jain monks practiced strict celibacy.
    Reason (R): Celibacy helped in controlling desires.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both statements are true and connected.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Mahavira travelled widely to preach.
    Reason (R): He wanted to spread Jain teachings to all classes.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both are true and related.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Sarnath is associated with Mahavira’s birth.
    Reason (R): He was born in Lumbini.
     Answer: D
     Explanation: Sarnath is Buddhist; Mahavira was born in Kundagrama.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism and Buddhism were accessible to all.
    Reason (R): They preached in simple languages.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both used Prakrit and Pali respectively.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism considers all souls as equal.
    Reason (R): Even plants and insects have souls.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both are true and explain each other.

 


  1. Assertion (A): The Sangha helped spread Buddhism.
    Reason (R): It trained monks and nuns in teaching the Dhamma.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both are true and related.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism declined due to internal divisions.
    Reason (R): The division into Shvetambaras and Digambaras weakened unity.
     Answer: A
     Explanation: Both are true and connected.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Mahavira’s teachings were preserved in Tripitakas.
    Reason (R): Tripitakas contain Buddhist philosophy.
     Answer: D
     Explanation: A is false; Tripitakas are Buddhist scriptures.

 


  1. Assertion (A): Jainism’s strict code of conduct attracted many followers.
    Reason (R): People preferred easy and ritual-based practices.
     Answer: C
     Explanation: A is false in general context; R is partly true.

True or False

  1. Mahavira was the first Tirthankara of Jainism.
    False

 

  1. Mahavira was born at Kundagrama near Vaishali.
    True

 

  1. The 23rd Tirthankara was Parshvanatha.
    True

 

  1. Jainism encourages ritual sacrifices.
    False

 

  1. Mahavira attained Kaivalya at the age of 42.
    True

 

  1. Jainism believes in the concept of a creator God.
    False

 

  1. Ahimsa is one of the five main vows in Jainism.
    True

 

  1. Aparigraha means truthfulness.
    False

 

  1. Angas are the sacred texts of Jainism.
    True

 

  1. Jain monks practice strict non-violence, including towards insects.
    True

 

  1. The Jain Tri-ratna includes Right Action, Right Speech, and Right Meditation.
    False

 

  1. Digambaras wear white clothes.
    False

 

  1. Jainism believes that every soul has the potential for salvation.
    True

 

  1. Jainism opposes the rigid caste system.
    True

 

  1. Jainism spread rapidly due to royal patronage and local dialects.
    True

 

  1. Mahavira preached in Sanskrit.
    False

 

  1. Gautama Buddha was born at Lumbini.
    True

 

  1. Siddhartha Gautama attained Enlightenment under a banyan tree.
    False

 

  1. The Bodhi Tree is a peepal tree.
    True

 

  1. Buddha gave his first sermon at Bodh Gaya.
    False

 

  1. Buddha attained Nirvana at Sarnath.
    False

 

  1. Dharmachakrapravartana refers to the first sermon of Buddha.
    True

 

  1. Sarnath is the place where Buddha died.
    False

 

  1. The Four Noble Truths are central to Buddhism.
    True

 

  1. The Eightfold Path includes Right Effort and Right Speech.
    True

 

  1. Buddha supported blind faith and rituals.
    False

 

  1. Sangha was the monastic order in Buddhism.
    True

 

  1. Viharas were Buddhist monasteries.
    True

 

  1. The Tripitakas were written in Sanskrit.
    False

 

  1. The Jatakas contain stories of Buddha’s previous births.
    True

 

  1. Buddhism rejected the authority of the Vedas.
    True

 

  1. The Buddha believed in the caste system.
    False

 

  1. Mahayana Buddhism is more liberal than Hinayana.
    True

 

  1. Hinayana Buddhists consider Buddha as a god.
    False

 

  1. Ashoka adopted Buddhism after the Battle of Kalinga.
    True

 

  1. Jainism and Buddhism arose in the 3rd century CE.
    False

 

  1. Jainism believes in the eternal nature of the soul.
    True

 

  1. Sallekhana is a form of ritual worship in Jainism.
    False

 

  1. Buddhism believes in the concept of Karma.
    True

 

  1. Pali was the language of early Buddhist scriptures.
    True

 

  1. Buddha attained Nirvana at the age of 35.
    True

 

  1. Nirvana means rebirth.
    False

 

  1. Jainism and Buddhism both opposed animal sacrifice.
    True

 

  1. Jainism spread outside India to China and Japan.
    False

 

  1. Buddhism spread to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia.
    True

 

  1. Jainism has more followers than Buddhism worldwide today.
    False

 

  1. Jainism contributed to Indian architecture and sculpture.
    True

 

  1. Jain monks and nuns live a life of luxury.
    False

 

  1. The division of Buddhism into sects was one cause for its decline.
    True

 

  1. Reforms in Hinduism contributed to the decline of both Jainism and Buddhism.
    True

Long Answer Questions

  1. Describe the early life of Mahavira.
    Mahavira was born in 599 BCE at Kundagrama near Vaishali in Bihar. He belonged to a Kshatriya royal family; his father was Siddhartha, the chief of the Naya clan, and his mother was Trishala, a Lichchhavi princess. At the age of 30, Mahavira renounced his home and worldly life and spent twelve years in meditation and penance. At the age of 42, he attained Kevalya or supreme knowledge.

 

  1. Explain the causes that led to the rise of Jainism and Buddhism.
    The primary causes included the growing dominance of rituals and sacrifices in Vedic religion, increasing priestly power and corruption, the rigidity of the caste system, the use of Sanskrit which common people could not understand, and political and social discontent. These conditions made space for simpler, ethical religions that emphasized individual conduct and inner purity.

 

  1. What are the five main vows of Jainism?
    The five vows of Jainism are:
    (i) Ahimsa – Non-violence towards all living beings.
     (ii) Satya – Speaking the truth.
     (iii) Asteya – Not stealing.
     (iv) Aparigraha – Non-possession or detachment from material wealth.
     (v) Brahmacharya – Chastity or celibacy. These vows are fundamental to the ethical practice of Jainism.

 

  1. Explain the concept of Karma in Jainism.
    In Jainism, Karma is a material substance that binds to the soul due to one’s actions, thoughts, and intentions. Good deeds result in good karma and bad deeds in bad karma. These karmas obstruct the soul’s liberation. Only through penance, right knowledge, and ethical conduct can one get rid of karma and attain Moksha.

 

  1. What are the Tri-Ratnas in Jainism?
    The Tri-Ratnas are the Three Jewels of Jain philosophy:
    (i) Right Faith (Samyak Darshan) – Belief in truth.
     (ii) Right Knowledge (Samyak Gyaan) – Understanding the true nature of things.
     (iii) Right Conduct (Samyak Charitra) – Practicing self-discipline and morality. These three together lead to spiritual liberation.

 

  1. How did Mahavira contribute to Jainism?
    Mahavira reformed the existing Jain traditions and emphasized asceticism and strict ethical conduct. He preached in Prakrit to make his teachings accessible and rejected the Vedas and sacrificial rituals. He spread the idea of salvation through self-effort, non-violence, and self-discipline.

 

  1. What led to the spread of Jainism?
    Jainism spread due to its simplicity, use of local languages (like Prakrit), royal patronage (e.g., by Chandragupta Maurya), the dedication of Jain monks and saints, and its emphasis on moral life and non-violence. Jain temples and educational centers further supported its growth.

 

  1. Differentiate between Shvetambaras and Digambaras.
    Shvetambaras (white-clad) wear white clothes, believe women can attain salvation, and are relatively liberal. Digambaras (sky-clad) practice complete nudity, believe only men can attain salvation, and are more austere. Both sects differ in rituals, beliefs, and monastic practices.

 

  1. What caused the decline of Jainism?
    The decline was due to its extreme austerity, division into sects, competition from Buddhism and reformed Hinduism, lack of popular appeal, and diminished royal patronage. The rigid lifestyle required by Jainism was difficult for the masses to follow.

 

  1. Describe the early life of Gautama Buddha.
    Gautama Buddha was born as Siddhartha in 563 BCE at Lumbini in Nepal. He was the son of King Suddhodana of the Shakya clan. Despite a luxurious life, he was moved by the sight of an old man, a sick man, a dead body, and a monk. At 29, he renounced worldly life, practiced severe penance, and attained Enlightenment under the Bodhi tree at Bodh Gaya at 35.

 

  1. What are the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?
    (i) The world is full of suffering.
    (ii) Suffering is caused by desires.
     (iii) To end suffering, desire must be stopped.
     (iv) The Eightfold Path can end suffering. These truths form the core of Buddha’s teachings and offer a rational explanation for human misery.

 

  1. Describe the Eightfold Path.
    It consists of: Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Meditation. This path guides ethical living and mental discipline, leading to Nirvana.

 

  1. What is Nirvana according to Buddhism?
    Nirvana is the final goal of Buddhism, the state of liberation from the cycle of birth and death. It is a condition of eternal peace and freedom from desire, ego, and suffering. It represents the ultimate truth and enlightenment.

 

  1. What was Buddha’s attitude towards God and rituals?
    Buddha did not deny God but did not consider belief in God essential for salvation. He rejected blind faith, superstitions, caste discrimination, and elaborate rituals. He emphasized morality, self-effort, and rational thinking.

 

  1. Explain the term Dharmachakrapravartana.
    It means “Turning of the Wheel of Law.” It refers to Buddha’s first sermon at Sarnath, where he preached the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, thus beginning the spread of Buddhism.

 

  1. What is Sangha in Buddhism?
    Sangha is the monastic order established by Buddha. It consisted of monks and nuns who renounced worldly life, lived in Viharas, followed a strict code of conduct, and spread the teachings of Buddha.

 

  1. What are Viharas?
    Viharas were Buddhist monasteries that served as centers for learning, meditation, and community life for monks. They also acted as educational institutions and rest places for travelers.

 

  1. What are Tripitakas?
    Tripitakas (Three Baskets) are the earliest Buddhist scriptures written in Pali. They include Vinaya Pitaka (monastic rules), Sutta Pitaka (discourses of Buddha), and Abhidhamma Pitaka (philosophical and metaphysical discussions).

 

  1. What are Jatakas?
    Jatakas are a collection of stories about the previous births of Buddha in human and animal form. They contain moral lessons and are valuable sources of early Buddhist philosophy and popular culture.

 

  1. What role did Ashoka play in the spread of Buddhism?
    After the Kalinga War, Ashoka embraced Buddhism and actively spread it through edicts, building stupas, sending missionaries to foreign countries, and organizing the Third Buddhist Council. His patronage significantly expanded the religion.

 

  1. Differentiate between Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism.
    Hinayana regards Buddha as a teacher, uses Pali, and follows strict discipline. Mahayana considers Buddha a divine figure, uses Sanskrit, and introduces the concept of Bodhisattvas. Mahayana is more liberal and widespread in Asia.

 

  1. What led to the decline of Buddhism in India?
    Factors include the division into sects, corruption in Sanghas, loss of royal patronage, revival of Hinduism, Muslim invasions, and the foreign language of Buddhist texts (Pali, Sanskrit) which distanced common people.

 

  1. Describe the code of conduct for Buddhist monks.
    Monks followed ten precepts: abstaining from killing, stealing, lying, sexual misconduct, intoxicants, entertainment, luxury, food at odd times, handling money, and using perfumes or ornaments. The discipline helped preserve moral integrity.

 

  1. What is the significance of Bodh Gaya?
    Bodh Gaya is the place where Gautama attained Enlightenment under a peepal tree. It is the most sacred site for Buddhists worldwide.

 

  1. Explain the Buddhist concept of Karma.
    Karma refers to intentional actions that influence future rebirths. Good karma leads to favorable conditions, while bad karma leads to suffering. Salvation comes through ethical conduct and wisdom, not rituals.

 

  1. How did Buddhism spread in India and abroad?
    Buddhism spread in India through the efforts of the Sangha, support from kings like Ashoka, the use of the Pali language, and the appeal of a simple and moral philosophy. Abroad, Ashoka sent missionaries to Sri Lanka, Burma, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia, where it flourished due to royal support and cultural exchange.

 

  1. What was the role of language in spreading Jainism and Buddhism?
    Both religions rejected Sanskrit and used regional languages — Prakrit in Jainism and Pali in Buddhism — making religious teachings accessible to common people. This helped expand their influence among masses beyond priestly classes.

 

  1. What is the Jain belief about the soul?
    Jains believe the soul is eternal, indestructible, and capable of achieving liberation (moksha) through right faith, knowledge, and conduct. It is bound by karma and trapped in the cycle of birth and rebirth until it attains Kaivalya.

 

  1. What impact did Jainism have on Indian society and culture?
    Jainism promoted non-violence, simplicity, vegetarianism, and ethical conduct. It encouraged religious tolerance, influenced Indian art and architecture, and contributed to literature in regional languages.

 

  1. Describe Jain architectural contributions.
    Jain architecture is known for its grandeur and intricacy. Famous examples include the Dilwara Temples at Mount Abu, the Gomateshwara statue at Shravanabelagola, and numerous cave temples in Ellora and Udayagiri, showcasing fine stone carving and symmetry.

 

  1. How did Jainism and Buddhism oppose Vedic religion?
    Both rejected the authority of the Vedas, the dominance of Brahmins, animal sacrifices, and elaborate rituals. They emphasized morality, self-discipline, and non-violence over blind ritualism.

 

  1. How did the political situation favour the rise of new religions?
    The 6th century BCE saw the weakening of large empires and rise of small republics like the Vajji and Malla. These states were more open to liberal ideas. Political discontent with Brahmanical dominance also created space for religions like Jainism and Buddhism.

 

  1. What were the core teachings of Mahavira?
    Mahavira emphasized strict non-violence, self-control, detachment from worldly possessions, truth, and celibacy. He rejected rituals, advocated self-discipline, and taught that salvation can be achieved through personal effort.

 

  1. What are the Nine Truths of Jainism?
    The Nine Truths include the belief in: Soul, Non-soul, Inflow of karma, Binding of karma, Stoppage of karma, Wearing out of karma, Liberation, and two others related to the states of the soul. These explain the metaphysical foundation of Jain ethics.

 

  1. Explain the term ‘Ahimsa’ and its influence.
    Ahimsa means complete non-violence in thought, word, and deed. It is central to both Jainism and Buddhism and influenced Indian thought profoundly, inspiring movements like Gandhi’s non-violent struggle for independence.

 

  1. What is the Jain concept of salvation?
    Salvation or Moksha in Jainism is the liberation of the soul from all karmic bondage. It is achieved through right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct, leading to the soul’s purity and release from the cycle of rebirth.

 

  1. What are Bodhisattvas in Mahayana Buddhism?
    Bodhisattvas are enlightened beings who delay their own salvation to help others attain Nirvana. They are revered in Mahayana as compassionate figures, like Avalokiteshvara and Maitreya.

 

  1. What is the Buddhist view on rituals and sacrifices?
    Buddhism opposes rituals, sacrifices, and superstitions. Buddha believed that liberation could not be attained through rituals but through self-effort, ethical living, meditation, and wisdom.

 

  1. What is the significance of Sarnath in Buddhism?
    Sarnath is where Buddha delivered his first sermon after attaining Enlightenment. This event is known as Dharmachakrapravartana. It is one of the most sacred Buddhist pilgrimage sites.

 

  1. Describe the features of Buddhist art and architecture.
    Buddhist architecture includes stupas (relic mounds), chaityas (prayer halls), and viharas (monasteries). Art includes symbols like the wheel, Bodhi tree, and footprints, and later anthropomorphic images of Buddha. Ajanta and Sanchi are key examples.

 

  1. How did Jainism impact Indian language and literature?
    Jain monks composed religious texts in Prakrit, Apabhramsha, and regional languages, contributing to early Indian literature. They preserved and enriched regional dialects and scriptural traditions through Angas and commentaries.

 

  1. What was Buddha’s teaching on universal brotherhood?
    Buddha preached equality, compassion, and respect for all human beings regardless of caste, gender, or status. He encouraged Sanghas to accept everyone who wished to follow the Dhamma, promoting inclusivity.

 

  1. What was the Jain attitude towards property and possessions?
    Jainism advocates Aparigraha – the vow of non-possession. Jain monks and even lay followers are expected to live a life of simplicity, renounce luxury, and reduce attachment to material wealth.

 

  1. How did Buddhism influence Indian society?
    Buddhism promoted equality, discouraged caste distinctions, encouraged education through viharas, and advanced the cause of women. It helped shape Indian ethics and contributed to a culture of tolerance.

 

  1. Why was the caste system rejected by Jainism and Buddhism?
    Both religions opposed caste-based discrimination. They promoted equality, believing that moral conduct, not birth, determined one’s spiritual progress. This appealed to the lower sections of society and gained mass acceptance.

 

  1. Describe the contributions of Jain saints to society.
    Jain saints were wandering teachers who promoted non-violence, self-discipline, and truth. They built temples, compiled scriptures, and set up schools and centers of learning that shaped intellectual life in ancient India.

 

  1. What role did Jain monks play in spreading Jainism?
    Jain monks traveled across India preaching in local dialects, lived austere lives to set moral examples, and established religious centers. Their scholarship and discipline attracted followers and kept the faith alive.

 

  1. What are the similarities between Jainism and Buddhism?
    Both were reformist movements, rejected Vedas, rituals, caste system, and animal sacrifice. They emphasized moral life, meditation, and renunciation. Both used local languages and spread widely through missionary efforts.

 

  1. What are the dissimilarities between Jainism and Buddhism?
    Jainism believes in the soul and extreme asceticism, while early Buddhism denied the existence of a permanent soul and followed a middle path. Jainism remained mostly in India, Buddhism spread globally. Their rituals, texts, and emphasis also vary.

 

  1. How did Jainism and Buddhism together impact Indian civilization?
    They introduced values of non-violence, simplicity, equality, and rationalism. They challenged orthodoxy, enriched Indian art, architecture, and literature, and promoted a humanistic outlook that still influences Indian thought today.

Give Reasons

  1. Jainism and Buddhism emerged as reform movements.
    Because they opposed the ritualistic and caste-based practices of Vedic religion and promoted simpler, ethical ways of attaining salvation.

 

  1. Mahavira preached in Prakrit.
    To make his teachings accessible to common people who did not understand Sanskrit.

 

  1. Buddhism and Jainism rejected the authority of the Vedas.
    Because they considered the Vedas to be associated with rituals, sacrifices, and the dominance of Brahmins.

 

  1. Jain monks cover their mouths with cloth.
    To prevent the accidental inhalation and killing of small insects, as part of their strict adherence to Ahimsa.

 

  1. Mahavira is called the 24th Tirthankara.
    Because he was the last in the line of 24 Tirthankaras who preached Jainism.

 

  1. Mahavira and Buddha left their royal homes.
    In search of truth and to find a solution to the suffering of mankind.

 

  1. The caste system was criticized by both Jainism and Buddhism.
    Because it promoted inequality and social injustice.

 

  1. Buddhism spread widely outside India.
    Due to missionary work, royal patronage (especially by Ashoka), and its universal message of compassion and morality.

 

  1. Ashoka adopted Buddhism after the Kalinga war.
    Because he was deeply moved by the bloodshed and sought a path of peace and non-violence.

 

  1. Buddhist monks lived in Viharas.
    To live a disciplined life devoted to meditation, study, and the spread of Dhamma.

 

  1. Jainism promotes non-possession.
    Because material attachment is seen as a source of bondage and suffering.

 

  1. Buddha taught the Middle Path.
    To avoid the extremes of luxury and self-torture, offering a balanced path to salvation.

 

  1. Jainism believes in the eternity of the soul.
    Because the soul is considered an independent entity that undergoes cycles of birth and rebirth until liberation.

 

  1. Buddhism emphasized moral conduct.
    As a means to attain inner peace and Nirvana, without dependence on rituals or sacrifices.

 

  1. Mahavira attained Kevalya.
    After 12 years of intense penance and meditation, he attained omniscience.

 

  1. Jainism did not become a world religion like Buddhism.
    Due to its extreme asceticism, rigid discipline, and less missionary activity.

 

  1. The Sangha was essential for the spread of Buddhism.
    Because it organized the monks and nuns who preserved and propagated Buddha’s teachings.

 

  1. Digambaras do not wear clothes.
    Because they believe in absolute renunciation and complete detachment from material possessions.

 

  1. Tripitakas are important in Buddhism.
    Because they contain Buddha’s teachings and the monastic rules of conduct.

 

  1. Jainism opposes idol worship in its strict form.
    As it focuses on internal purity and the path of self-realization rather than external rituals.

 

  1. Pali was used in early Buddhist texts.
    Because it was the spoken language of the people and helped spread the message widely.

 

  1. Ahimsa is the central principle of Jainism.
    Because it believes that every living being has a soul and harming any being accrues bad karma.

 

  1. Mahayana Buddhism views Buddha as a god.
    Because it evolved into a more devotional form and emphasized his divine nature.

 

  1. Jainism divided into Shvetambaras and Digambaras.
    Due to differences in beliefs about ascetic practices, dress, and religious texts.

 

  1. Jain monks practice Sallekhana.
    As a voluntary and peaceful death through fasting to purify the soul and attain liberation.

 

  1. Buddha rejected the caste system.
    Because he believed that one’s actions and conduct, not birth, determined spiritual status.

 

  1. Jatakas are valuable sources of Buddhist history.
    As they narrate the previous births of Buddha and reflect the moral and philosophical beliefs of the time.

 

  1. Buddha’s first sermon is called Dharmachakrapravartana.
    Because it symbolized the turning of the wheel of law and marked the beginning of his public teaching.

 

  1. Jainism did not favor agriculture.
    Because it involves harm to living organisms like insects, which violates Ahimsa.

 

  1. Jain art and architecture flourished.
    Due to the patronage of wealthy Jain merchants and kings who built temples and statues.

 

  1. Mahavira’s teachings were simple.
    So that they could be easily understood and followed by the common people.

 

  1. Buddha is often depicted with a serene face.
    To symbolize inner peace, wisdom, and detachment from worldly emotions.

 

  1. Buddhism gained support from lower castes.
    Because it rejected caste discrimination and promoted equality and dignity.

 

  1. Karma theory influenced both religions.
    Because it explained human suffering and rebirth based on one’s actions.

 

  1. Buddhism declined in India eventually.
    Due to internal divisions, corruption in Sangha, revival of Hinduism, and loss of royal patronage.

 

  1. Jain temples are known for their carvings.
    Because of patronage from wealthy followers who commissioned skilled artisans to decorate them.

 

  1. Mahavira and Buddha lived during the same period.
    Because they were contemporaries and responded to similar social and religious conditions.

 

  1. Jain monks lead an austere life.
    To attain liberation by freeing themselves from material desires and karmic bondage.

 

  1. Buddha’s teachings were spread orally initially.
    Because writing was not widely used, and monks memorized and recited his teachings.

 

  1. Jainism emphasizes penance.
    Because penance helps eliminate accumulated karma and purify the soul.

 

  1. Jainism influenced vegetarianism in India.
    Because of its strict adherence to non-violence, especially towards animals.

 

  1. Women were admitted into the Buddhist Sangha.
    As Buddha later recognized their capability of spiritual progress and allowed their ordination.

 

  1. Jain scriptures are called Agamas or Angas.
    Because they are based on Mahavira’s teachings compiled by his disciples.

 

  1. Buddhist stupas contain relics.
    To preserve remains or belongings of Buddha and serve as places of worship and pilgrimage.

 

  1. Jain and Buddhist monks traveled widely.
    To spread their teachings and win converts through direct interaction and discourse.

 

  1. Jainism prohibits lying.
    Because speaking falsehood harms others and accumulates negative karma.

 

  1. Buddha was called ‘The Enlightened One’.
    Because he attained supreme knowledge (Bodhi) under the Bodhi tree.

 

  1. Mahavira opposed animal sacrifice.
    Because it violated the principle of Ahimsa, which is central to Jainism.

 

  1. Jain literature used local languages.
    To ensure that teachings reached a wider audience beyond the educated elite.

 

  1. Jainism and Buddhism contributed to Indian culture.
    Through literature, art, architecture, moral values, and the promotion of non-violence and equality.

Arrange the Words 

Case Studies

  1. A young prince saw an old man, a sick man, a corpse, and a monk. Disturbed, he left his palace in search of truth. Who was he and what was the outcome of his quest?
    Answer: Gautama Buddha; He attained Enlightenment and founded Buddhism.

 

  1. A king, after witnessing the horrors of the Kalinga war, adopted a peaceful religion and propagated it across Asia. Name the king and the religion.
    Answer: Ashoka; Buddhism

 

  1. A religious reformer born in Vaishali practiced penance for 12 years and attained Kevalya. He taught strict non-violence. Identify him and the religion he led.
    Answer: Mahavira; Jainism

 

  1. A teacher rejected the authority of the Vedas, rituals, and caste. He taught Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. Who was he and what was his philosophy?
    Answer: Buddha; Middle Path in Buddhism

 

  1. In ancient India, a group of monks lived in monasteries and practiced a life of simplicity and discipline. What were these places called and which religion did they follow?
    Answer: Viharas; Buddhism

 

  1. A religious figure delivered his first sermon at Sarnath after Enlightenment. This marked the turning of the wheel of law. Name the figure and the event.
    Answer: Gautama Buddha; Dharmachakrapravartana

 

  1. A religious sect did not wear clothes and believed in complete renunciation. Another wore white and accepted possessions. Name both sects and their religion.
    Answer: Digambaras and Shvetambaras; Jainism

 

  1. A collection of teachings divided into three Pitakas was preserved orally and later written down in Pali. Identify the religion and the name of this collection.
    Answer: Buddhism; Tripitakas

 

  1. A religious philosophy emphasized Ahimsa, Aparigraha, and truth. It discouraged agriculture to avoid harming organisms. Identify the religion.
    Answer: Jainism

 

  1. A religious tradition believes that karma binds the soul, and only through penance and right conduct can one attain liberation. Name the doctrine and the religion.
    Answer: Doctrine of Karma; Jainism

 

  1. A community of monks and nuns followed ten rules, including no intoxicants, celibacy, and no property ownership. Identify the organization and its religion.
    Answer: Sangha; Buddhism

 

  1. An empire supported Buddhism with pillars, stupas, and missionaries. As a result, the religion spread to Sri Lanka and beyond. Name the ruler and one country influenced.
    Answer: Ashoka; Sri Lanka

 

  1. A teacher believed in self-effort, non-dependence on rituals, and salvation through self-discipline. He taught the Nine Truths. Who was he?
    Answer: Mahavira

 

  1. A group of people in ancient India followed the Middle Path and rejected extreme luxury and extreme asceticism. What was this path called and who taught it?
    Answer: The Middle Path; Gautama Buddha

 

  1. A religious art style emerged with rock-cut temples, dome-shaped stupas, and serene Buddha statues. Identify the religion and one monument.
    Answer: Buddhism; Sanchi Stupa

 

  1. A storybook contained moral tales about the previous lives of a spiritual leader. It was meant to teach virtues. What was this book and whose lives did it depict?
    Answer: Jatakas; Lives of Buddha

 

  1. A Jain festival involves monks fasting unto death as a final act of penance. Identify the ritual.
    Answer: Sallekhana

 

  1. A religious practice promoted the use of local dialects to spread its teachings to the masses. Which two religions followed this and what were the languages?
    Answer: Jainism and Buddhism; Prakrit and Pali

 

  1. A king built caves, carved monolithic statues, and supported a religion that rejected rituals. Identify the religion and one such architectural example.
    Answer: Jainism; Gomateshwara statue

 

  1. A religion slowly declined due to internal divisions, corruption, and revival of Brahmanism. It lost royal support and faded in India. Name the religion and one reason for its decline.
    Answer: Buddhism; Loss of Royal Patronage

Numericals

Numeric problems are not available for this chapter.

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