ICSE – Grade 9 – Biology – Ch 03 – QA

Questions & Answers

ICSE - Grade - 9

Subject: Biology

Chapter - 03 - Tissues: Plant and Animal Tissues

Types of Questions

MCQ

  1. Which of the following is a plant tissue that actively divides?
     A) Parenchyma
     B) Xylem
     C) Meristem
     D) Phloem
     Answer: C) Meristem


  2. The function of xylem is to transport:
     A) Food
     B) Hormones
     C) Water and minerals
     D) Enzymes
     Answer: C) Water and minerals


  3. Which tissue in plants provides flexibility?
     A) Sclerenchyma
     B) Collenchyma
     C) Parenchyma
     D) Phloem
     Answer: B) Collenchyma


  4. The dead supportive tissue in plants is:
     A) Collenchyma
     B) Parenchyma
     C) Sclerenchyma
     D) Cambium
     Answer: C) Sclerenchyma


  5. Which is a living component of phloem?
     A) Phloem fibre
     B) Xylem vessel
     C) Sieve tube
     D) Tracheid
     Answer: C) Sieve tube


  6. The main function of phloem is:
     A) Transport of water
     B) Transport of food
     C) Storage of food
     D) Photosynthesis
     Answer: B) Transport of food


  7. The meristematic tissue present at the tips of roots and shoots is called:
     A) Apical meristem
     B) Lateral meristem
     C) Intercalary meristem
     D) Cambium
     Answer: A) Apical meristem


  8. Cork cells are:
     A) Living
     B) Dividing
     C) Dead
     D) Photosynthetic
     Answer: C) Dead


  9. Which of these plant tissues has air spaces and helps in buoyancy?
     A) Collenchyma
     B) Chlorenchyma
     C) Aerenchyma
     D) Sclerenchyma
     Answer: C) Aerenchyma


  10. Which connective tissue stores fat?
     A) Areolar
     B) Adipose
     C) Cartilage
     D) Bone
     Answer: B) Adipose


  11. Cartilage is a type of:
     A) Epithelial tissue
     B) Muscular tissue
     C) Connective tissue
     D) Nervous tissue
     Answer: C) Connective tissue


  12. Which epithelial tissue lines the alveoli of lungs?
     A) Columnar
     B) Cuboidal
     C) Squamous
     D) Stratified
     Answer: C) Squamous


  13. The voluntary muscle tissue is:
     A) Cardiac muscle
     B) Smooth muscle
     C) Striated muscle
     D) Unstriated muscle
     Answer: C) Striated muscle


  14. The function of dendrites in neurons is to:
     A) Transmit impulses away from cell
     B) Secrete hormones
     C) Receive impulses
     D) Store neurotransmitters
     Answer: C) Receive impulses


  15. Myelin sheath is found around:
     A) Axons
     B) Dendrites
     C) Cyton
     D) Blood vessels
     Answer: A) Axons


  16. Which connective tissue connects muscles to bones?
     A) Ligament
     B) Cartilage
     C) Tendon
     D) Adipose
     Answer: C) Tendon


  17. Which connective tissue connects bones to bones?
     A) Tendon
     B) Cartilage
     C) Ligament
     D) Blood
     Answer: C) Ligament


  18. The only liquid connective tissue is:
     A) Cartilage
     B) Blood
     C) Adipose
     D) Bone
     Answer: B) Blood


  19. Which muscle tissue is found only in the heart?
     A) Smooth
     B) Voluntary
     C) Cardiac
     D) Skeletal
     Answer: C) Cardiac


  20. The matrix of bone is made of:
     A) Chitin
     B) Protein
     C) Calcium salts
     D) Collagen
     Answer: C) Calcium salts


  21. Which plant tissue stores food and helps in photosynthesis?
     A) Phloem
     B) Parenchyma
     C) Collenchyma
     D) Sclerenchyma
     Answer: B) Parenchyma


  22. Cells with thick walls and no intercellular spaces are found in:
     A) Parenchyma
     B) Collenchyma
     C) Sclerenchyma
     D) Phloem
     Answer: C) Sclerenchyma


  23. Which plant tissue contains sieve tubes and companion cells?
     A) Xylem
     B) Phloem
     C) Parenchyma
     D) Collenchyma
     Answer: B) Phloem


  24. Which animal tissue has the ability to contract and relax?
     A) Epithelial
     B) Muscular
     C) Connective
     D) Nervous
     Answer: B) Muscular


  25. Which tissue detects stimuli and conducts impulses?
     A) Muscular
     B) Connective
     C) Nervous
     D) Epithelial
     Answer: C) Nervous


  26. In a neuron, the longest part is:
     A) Cyton
     B) Dendrite
     C) Axon
     D) Nucleus
     Answer: C) Axon


  27. Ciliated columnar epithelium is found in:
     A) Stomach
     B) Intestine
     C) Trachea
     D) Skin
     Answer: C) Trachea


  28. Which type of muscle is involuntary and unstriated?
     A) Skeletal
     B) Cardiac
     C) Smooth
     D) Voluntary
     Answer: C) Smooth


  29. Glandular epithelium is modified for:
     A) Absorption
     B) Secretion
     C) Protection
     D) Filtration
     Answer: B) Secretion


  30. Bone cells are embedded in a matrix made of:
     A) Cellulose
     B) Calcium phosphate
     C) Glucose
     D) Chlorophyll
     Answer: B) Calcium phosphate


  31. Which phloem component is dead?
     A) Phloem parenchyma
     B) Companion cells
     C) Sieve tubes
     D) Phloem fibres
     Answer: D) Phloem fibres


  32. Which xylem part is living?
     A) Tracheids
     B) Vessels
     C) Xylem parenchyma
     D) Xylem fibres
     Answer: C) Xylem parenchyma


  33. In meristematic tissues, vacuoles are:
     A) Large
     B) Absent
     C) Numerous
     D) Filled with pigments
     Answer: B) Absent


  34. Companion cells help:
     A) Phloem fibres
     B) Sieve tubes
     C) Xylem vessels
     D) Collenchyma
     Answer: B) Sieve tubes


  35. Columnar epithelium helps in:
     A) Protection
     B) Absorption and secretion
     C) Filtration
     D) Transport
     Answer: B) Absorption and secretion


  36. Cells in collenchyma are thickened at:
     A) Sides
     B) Centre
     C) Corners
     D) Top
     Answer: C) Corners


  37. The only muscle type under voluntary control is:
     A) Smooth
     B) Cardiac
     C) Skeletal
     D) Involuntary
     Answer: C) Skeletal


  38. Which tissue has no blood supply and heals slowly?
     A) Blood
     B) Cartilage
     C) Bone
     D) Adipose
     Answer: B) Cartilage


  39. Matrix is characteristic of:
     A) Epithelial
     B) Connective
     C) Muscular
     D) Nervous
     Answer: B) Connective


  40. Which epithelial tissue forms skin layers?
     A) Cuboidal
     B) Columnar
     C) Stratified squamous
     D) Ciliated
     Answer: C) Stratified squamous


  41. Which connective tissue forms the framework of the body?
     A) Blood
     B) Cartilage
     C) Bone
     D) Areolar
     Answer: C) Bone


  42. Which muscle shows striations and branching?
     A) Smooth
     B) Cardiac
     C) Skeletal
     D) Visceral
     Answer: B) Cardiac


  43. The outermost protective layer in plants is:
     A) Cork
     B) Epidermis
     C) Parenchyma
     D) Phloem
     Answer: B) Epidermis


  44. A feature of sclerenchyma cells is:
     A) Living
     B) Thin-walled
     C) Lignified walls
     D) Dividing
     Answer: C) Lignified walls


  45. The tissue found between skin and muscles is:
     A) Cartilage
     B) Adipose
     C) Areolar
     D) Bone
     Answer: C) Areolar


  46. Which plant tissue contains chloroplasts?
     A) Xylem
     B) Chlorenchyma
     C) Collenchyma
     D) Sclerenchyma
     Answer: B) Chlorenchyma


  47. Which muscle is uninucleate and involuntary?
     A) Striated
     B) Cardiac
     C) Smooth
     D) Skeletal
     Answer: C) Smooth


  48. Nervous tissue is made up of:
     A) Osteocytes
     B) Neurons
     C) Myocytes
     D) Epithelial cells
     Answer: B) Neurons


  49. Phloem helps in the transport of:
     A) Water
     B) Hormones
     C) Minerals
     D) Food
     Answer: D) Food


  50. Tissue in aquatic plants that helps in buoyancy:
     A) Aerenchyma
     B) Collenchyma
     C) Chlorenchyma
     D) Xylem
     Answer: A) Aerenchyma

Fill in the Blanks

  1. The group of cells performing a similar function is called a __________.
     Answer: tissue


  2. Cells of __________ tissue are capable of continuous division.
     Answer: meristematic


  3. The meristem present at the root and shoot tips is called __________ meristem.
     Answer: apical


  4. The increase in girth of stems and roots is due to __________ meristem.
     Answer: lateral


  5. The cells of permanent tissue are derived from __________ tissue.
     Answer: meristematic


  6. The outer protective layer of plants is called __________.
     Answer: epidermis


  7. Cork cells contain a chemical called __________ in their walls.
     Answer: suberin


  8. __________ is a living plant tissue with thin walls and large vacuoles.
     Answer: parenchyma


  9. Parenchyma with chloroplasts is called __________.
     Answer: chlorenchyma


  10. Parenchyma with air cavities is called __________.
     Answer: aerenchyma


  11. __________ tissue provides mechanical support and flexibility in plants.
     Answer: collenchyma


  12. Collenchyma cells have cell wall thickening at the __________.
     Answer: corners


  13. Sclerenchyma cells are __________ at maturity.
     Answer: dead


  14. Sclerenchyma walls are thickened with __________.
     Answer: lignin


  15. The two types of sclerenchyma are fibres and __________.
     Answer: sclereids


  16. The conducting tissue that transports water is called __________.
     Answer: xylem


  17. The conducting tissue that transports food is called __________.
     Answer: phloem


  18. The dead element in phloem is __________.
     Answer: phloem fibres


  19. __________ cells help sieve tubes in conduction.
     Answer: companion


  20. Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and __________.
     Answer: xylem fibres


  21. Tracheids and vessels in xylem are responsible for __________ transport.
     Answer: water


  22. Sieve tubes lack a __________ at maturity.
     Answer: nucleus


  23. Epithelial tissues cover the body surfaces and line __________.
     Answer: internal organs


  24. Squamous epithelium is found in the alveoli of __________.
     Answer: lungs


  25. Stratified squamous epithelium is found in the __________.
     Answer: skin


  26. __________ epithelium consists of cube-like cells.
     Answer: cuboidal


  27. Columnar epithelium is found in the lining of the __________.
     Answer: intestine


  28. Ciliated columnar epithelium has tiny hair-like structures called __________.
     Answer: cilia


  29. Glandular epithelium is specialised for __________.
     Answer: secretion


  30. Connective tissue joins and __________ different body parts.
     Answer: supports


  31. The connective tissue that connects muscles to bones is called __________.
     Answer: tendon


  32. The connective tissue that connects bones to bones is called __________.
     Answer: ligament


  33. The connective tissue found beneath the skin is __________ tissue.
     Answer: areolar


  34. Fat is stored in __________ tissue.
     Answer: adipose


  35. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in the __________.
     Answer: nose


  36. The hardest connective tissue in the body is __________.
     Answer: bone


  37. Blood is a __________ connective tissue.
     Answer: fluid


  38. Blood consists of plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and __________.
     Answer: platelets


  39. The fluid connective tissue involved in immunity is __________.
     Answer: lymph


  40. Muscle tissue is responsible for __________ in the body.
     Answer: movement


  41. Striated muscles are also called __________ muscles.
     Answer: skeletal


  42. Smooth muscles are also known as __________ muscles.
     Answer: unstriated


  43. Cardiac muscle is found only in the __________.
     Answer: heart


  44. Cardiac muscle is __________ and involuntary.
     Answer: striated


  45. Neurons are the structural and functional units of __________ tissue.
     Answer: nervous


  46. The part of the neuron that receives impulses is the __________.
     Answer: dendrite


  47. The long part of the neuron that transmits impulses is the __________.
     Answer: axon


  48. The junction between two neurons is called a __________.
     Answer: synapse


  49. The main part of the neuron containing the nucleus is called the __________.
     Answer: cell body


  50. The insulating sheath covering the axon is called the __________ sheath.
     Answer: myelin

Name the Following

  1. Name the tissue responsible for growth in plants.
     Answer: Meristematic tissue


  2. Name the meristem found at the tips of roots and shoots.
     Answer: Apical meristem


  3. Name the meristem responsible for increase in thickness of plant body.
     Answer: Lateral meristem


  4. Name the plant tissue that loses the power of division.
     Answer: Permanent tissue


  5. Name the outermost protective layer of a plant.
     Answer: Epidermis


  6. Name the protective tissue formed in old stems and roots.
     Answer: Cork (Phellem)


  7. Name the living plant tissue that stores food.
     Answer: Parenchyma


  8. Name the type of parenchyma containing chloroplasts.
     Answer: Chlorenchyma


  9. Name the parenchyma tissue that contains air spaces.
     Answer: Aerenchyma


  10. Name the tissue that provides flexibility to plants.
     Answer: Collenchyma


  11. Name the tissue that provides rigidity and strength to plants.
     Answer: Sclerenchyma


  12. Name the two types of sclerenchyma.
     Answer: Fibres and Sclereids


  13. Name the tissue that conducts water in plants.
     Answer: Xylem


  14. Name the tissue that transports food in plants.
     Answer: Phloem


  15. Name the component of xylem that stores food.
     Answer: Xylem parenchyma


  16. Name the living component of xylem.
     Answer: Xylem parenchyma


  17. Name the dead component of phloem.
     Answer: Phloem fibres


  18. Name the living cells of phloem that assist sieve tubes.
     Answer: Companion cells


  19. Name the tube-like structures in phloem.
     Answer: Sieve tubes


  20. Name the plant tissue made of tracheids and vessels.
     Answer: Xylem


  21. Name the tissue that covers body surfaces in animals.
     Answer: Epithelial tissue


  22. Name the epithelium found in alveoli of lungs.
     Answer: Squamous epithelium


  23. Name the epithelium with cube-like cells.
     Answer: Cuboidal epithelium


  24. Name the epithelium found in lining of intestine.
     Answer: Columnar epithelium


  25. Name the epithelium found in the lining of trachea.
     Answer: Ciliated columnar epithelium


  26. Name the epithelium specialised for secretion.
     Answer: Glandular epithelium


  27. Name the tissue that binds and supports other tissues.
     Answer: Connective tissue


  28. Name the connective tissue found beneath the skin.
     Answer: Areolar tissue


  29. Name the tissue that stores fat in the body.
     Answer: Adipose tissue


  30. Name the connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
     Answer: Tendon


  31. Name the connective tissue that connects bone to bone.
     Answer: Ligament


  32. Name the connective tissue found in nose and ear.
     Answer: Cartilage


  33. Name the hardest connective tissue in the body.
     Answer: Bone


  34. Name the connective tissue that transports oxygen.
     Answer: Blood


  35. Name the fluid connective tissue involved in immunity.
     Answer: Lymph


  36. Name the tissue responsible for movement.
     Answer: Muscular tissue


  37. Name the muscle under voluntary control.
     Answer: Striated muscle


  38. Name the involuntary muscle found in walls of internal organs.
     Answer: Smooth muscle


  39. Name the muscle found in the walls of the heart.
     Answer: Cardiac muscle


  40. Name the tissue that detects stimuli and sends messages.
     Answer: Nervous tissue


  41. Name the structural unit of nervous tissue.
     Answer: Neuron


  42. Name the part of neuron that receives impulses.
     Answer: Dendrite


  43. Name the part of neuron that transmits impulses away from cell body.
     Answer: Axon


  44. Name the fatty layer around axon.
     Answer: Myelin sheath


  45. Name the central part of neuron containing nucleus.
     Answer: Cell body (Cyton)


  46. Name the point of contact between two neurons.
     Answer: Synapse


  47. Name the plant tissue responsible for primary growth.
     Answer: Apical meristem


  48. Name the plant tissue responsible for secondary growth.
     Answer: Lateral meristem


  49. Name the conducting tissue made of living cells (except fibres).
     Answer: Phloem


  50. Name the tissue that allows bending in plant parts without breaking.
     Answer: Collenchyma

Answer in One Word

  1. Tissue responsible for growth in plants.
     Answer: Meristem


  2. The basic unit of nervous tissue.
     Answer: Neuron


  3. Tissue connecting muscle to bone.
     Answer: Tendon


  4. Tissue connecting bone to bone.
     Answer: Ligament


  5. Living conducting tissue in plants.
     Answer: Phloem


  6. Dead conducting tissue in plants.
     Answer: Xylem


  7. Plant tissue with air spaces.
     Answer: Aerenchyma


  8. Plant tissue with chloroplasts.
     Answer: Chlorenchyma


  9. Epithelium found in alveoli.
     Answer: Squamous


  10. Epithelium found in kidney tubules.
     Answer: Cuboidal


  11. Epithelium found in intestine.
     Answer: Columnar


  12. Tissue found in nose and ear.
     Answer: Cartilage


  13. Voluntary muscle tissue.
     Answer: Striated


  14. Involuntary muscle in internal organs.
     Answer: Smooth


  15. Muscle found only in heart.
     Answer: Cardiac


  16. Liquid connective tissue.
     Answer: Blood


  17. Connective tissue that stores fat.
     Answer: Adipose


  18. Connective tissue beneath skin.
     Answer: Areolar


  19. Long part of a neuron.
     Answer: Axon


  20. Part of neuron that receives impulses.
     Answer: Dendrite


  21. Outermost plant tissue.
     Answer: Epidermis


  22. Thick-walled dead plant tissue.
     Answer: Sclerenchyma


  23. Tissue responsible for flexibility in plants.
     Answer: Collenchyma


  24. Storage tissue in plants.
     Answer: Parenchyma


  25. Dead cells in phloem.
     Answer: Phloem fibres


  26. Living cell assisting sieve tubes.
     Answer: Companion cell


  27. Type of meristem at shoot and root tips.
     Answer: Apical


  28. Type of meristem for secondary growth.
     Answer: Lateral


  29. Plant tissue with lignified walls.
     Answer: Sclerenchyma


  30. Epithelium with cilia.
     Answer: Ciliated


  31. Epithelium for secretion.
     Answer: Glandular


  32. Blood cell that fights infection.
     Answer: WBC


  33. Blood cell that carries oxygen.
     Answer: RBC


  34. Blood component for clotting.
     Answer: Platelet


  35. Liquid part of blood.
     Answer: Plasma


  36. Bone matrix contains this mineral.
     Answer: Calcium


  37. Cell body of neuron is called.
     Answer: Cyton


  38. Covering around axon.
     Answer: Myelin


  39. Muscle with stripes and multiple nuclei.
     Answer: Striated


  40. Junction between two neurons.
     Answer: Synapse


  41. Transport tissue for water.
     Answer: Xylem


  42. Transport tissue for food.
     Answer: Phloem


  43. Living xylem component.
     Answer: Xylem parenchyma


  44. Dead xylem component.
     Answer: Vessel


  45. Tissue forming skin layers.
     Answer: Stratified


  46. Muscle with intercalated discs.
     Answer: Cardiac


  47. The space between cells in tissues.
     Answer: Matrix


  48. Tissue enabling movement.
     Answer: Muscle


  49. Tissue conducting nerve impulses.
     Answer: Nervous


  50. Packing tissue in body.
     Answer: Areolar

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Find the Odd Man Out

  1. Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Xylem
     Answer: Xylem
     Explanation: Xylem is a conducting tissue; the others are supporting tissues.


  2. Xylem, Phloem, Sieve tubes, Tracheids
     Answer: Sieve tubes
     Explanation: Sieve tubes are part of phloem; others are part of xylem.


  3. Bone, Cartilage, Tendon, Neuron
     Answer: Neuron
     Explanation: Neuron is nervous tissue; others are connective tissues.


  4. Axon, Dendrite, Cyton, Collenchyma
     Answer: Collenchyma
     Explanation: Collenchyma is a plant tissue; the others are parts of a neuron.


  5. Smooth muscle, Striated muscle, Cardiac muscle, Neuron
     Answer: Neuron
     Explanation: Neuron is not a muscle; others are types of muscle tissues.


  6. Areolar, Adipose, Bone, Epidermis
     Answer: Epidermis
     Explanation: Epidermis is epithelial tissue; others are connective tissues.


  7. RBC, WBC, Platelets, Tracheids
     Answer: Tracheids
     Explanation: Tracheids are plant cells; others are components of blood.


  8. Companion cell, Sieve tube, Phloem fibre, Vessel
     Answer: Vessel
     Explanation: Vessel is part of xylem; others are part of phloem.


  9. Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, Cardiac
     Answer: Cardiac
     Explanation: Cardiac is a muscle tissue; others are epithelial tissues.


  10. Tendon, Ligament, Cartilage, Xylem
     Answer: Xylem
     Explanation: Xylem is plant tissue; others are animal connective tissues.


  11. Lateral meristem, Apical meristem, Intercalary meristem, Phloem
     Answer: Phloem
     Explanation: Phloem is permanent tissue; others are meristematic tissues.


  12. Phloem, Chlorenchyma, Xylem, Collenchyma
     Answer: Chlorenchyma
     Explanation: Chlorenchyma helps in photosynthesis; others are structural/transport tissues.


  13. Blood, Lymph, Plasma, Collenchyma
     Answer: Collenchyma
     Explanation: Collenchyma is plant tissue; others are fluid connective tissues.


  14. Tracheids, Vessels, Sclerenchyma, Companion cells
     Answer: Companion cells
     Explanation: Companion cells are living; others are dead cells.


  15. Neuron, Axon, Dendrite, Trachea
     Answer: Trachea
     Explanation: Trachea is an organ; others are parts of a neuron.


  16. Areolar, Adipose, Blood, Parenchyma
     Answer: Parenchyma
     Explanation: Parenchyma is a plant tissue; others are animal connective tissues.


  17. Phloem fibre, Xylem fibre, Sclerenchyma, Parenchyma
     Answer: Parenchyma
     Explanation: Parenchyma is a living tissue; others are dead.


  18. Bone, Cartilage, Ligament, Tracheid
     Answer: Tracheid
     Explanation: Tracheid is a plant cell; others are connective tissues.


  19. Tendon, Ligament, Muscle, Cartilage
     Answer: Muscle
     Explanation: Muscle is muscular tissue; others are connective tissues.


  20. Blood, Bone, Cartilage, Xylem
     Answer: Xylem
     Explanation: Xylem is a plant tissue; others are animal connective tissues.


  21. Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Epidermis
     Answer: Epidermis
     Explanation: Epidermis is a protective tissue; others are supportive.


  22. Sieve tube, Vessel, Tracheid, Xylem fibre
     Answer: Sieve tube
     Explanation: Sieve tube is part of phloem; others are xylem elements.


  23. Axon, Dendrite, Cyton, Phloem fibre
     Answer: Phloem fibre
     Explanation: Phloem fibre is a plant cell; others are parts of a neuron.


  24. Xylem, Phloem, Bone, Epidermis
     Answer: Bone
     Explanation: Bone is an animal tissue; others are plant tissues.


  25. Apical meristem, Lateral meristem, Intercalary meristem, Bone
     Answer: Bone
     Explanation: Bone is animal tissue; others are plant meristematic tissues.


  26. Cardiac, Skeletal, Smooth, Cartilage
     Answer: Cartilage
     Explanation: Cartilage is connective tissue; others are muscle types.


  27. Areolar, Adipose, Cartilage, Parenchyma
     Answer: Parenchyma
     Explanation: Parenchyma is found in plants; others are animal connective tissues.


  28. Myelin, Axon, Dendrite, Collenchyma
     Answer: Collenchyma
     Explanation: Collenchyma is plant tissue; others are neuron parts.


  29. Tracheid, Vessel, Xylem parenchyma, Platelet
     Answer: Platelet
     Explanation: Platelet is a blood component; others are xylem cells.


  30. Phloem, Xylem, Epidermis, Skeletal muscle
     Answer: Skeletal muscle
     Explanation: Skeletal muscle is animal tissue; others are plant tissues.


  31. Tendon, Ligament, Areolar, Phloem
     Answer: Phloem
     Explanation: Phloem is plant tissue; others are animal connective tissues.


  32. Chlorenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Lymph
     Answer: Lymph
     Explanation: Lymph is fluid connective tissue; others are plant tissues.


  33. Sieve tube, Companion cell, Xylem vessel, Phloem parenchyma
     Answer: Xylem vessel
     Explanation: Xylem vessel is not part of phloem.


  34. Bone, Cartilage, Tendon, Muscle fibre
     Answer: Muscle fibre
     Explanation: Muscle fibre is muscular tissue; others are connective tissues.


  35. Cyton, Axon, Dendrite, Cilia
     Answer: Cilia
     Explanation: Cilia are part of epithelial tissue; others are neuron parts.


  36. RBC, WBC, Platelets, Collenchyma
     Answer: Collenchyma
     Explanation: Collenchyma is a plant tissue; others are blood components.


  37. Epidermis, Cork, Xylem, Areolar
     Answer: Areolar
     Explanation: Areolar is animal tissue; others are plant tissues.


  38. Xylem parenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Phloem fibre, Companion cell
     Answer: Companion cell
     Explanation: Companion cell is living; others are dead cells.


  39. Cardiac muscle, Skeletal muscle, Smooth muscle, Tendon
     Answer: Tendon
     Explanation: Tendon is connective tissue; others are muscle tissues.


  40. Phloem, Xylem, Lateral meristem, Blood
     Answer: Blood
     Explanation: Blood is an animal tissue; others are plant tissues.


  41. Axon, Dendrite, Sclereid, Cell body
     Answer: Sclereid
     Explanation: Sclereid is a plant cell; others are parts of a neuron.


  42. Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Tendon, Sclerenchyma
     Answer: Tendon
     Explanation: Tendon is an animal tissue; others are plant tissues.


  43. Bone, Areolar, Cartilage, Phloem
     Answer: Phloem
     Explanation: Phloem is plant tissue; others are connective tissues.


  44. Chlorenchyma, Xylem, Phloem, Skeletal muscle
     Answer: Skeletal muscle
     Explanation: Skeletal muscle is animal tissue; others are plant tissues.


  45. Blood, Cartilage, Bone, Tracheid
     Answer: Tracheid
     Explanation: Tracheid is a plant cell; others are connective tissues.


  46. Stratified, Cuboidal, Columnar, Collenchyma
     Answer: Collenchyma
     Explanation: Collenchyma is plant tissue; others are epithelial types.


  47. Ciliated epithelium, Glandular epithelium, Nervous tissue, Columnar epithelium
     Answer: Nervous tissue
     Explanation: Nervous tissue is not epithelial tissue.


  48. Areolar, Adipose, Blood, Apical meristem
     Answer: Apical meristem
     Explanation: Apical meristem is plant tissue; others are animal connective tissues.


  49. Sieve tube, Companion cell, Phloem parenchyma, Tracheid
     Answer: Tracheid
     Explanation: Tracheid is xylem; others are phloem components.


  50. Axon, Neuron, Dendrite, Xylem fibre
     Answer: Xylem fibre
     Explanation: Xylem fibre is a plant tissue; others are neuron-related.

Match the Pair

Set 1: Match the Following

Column A:

  1. Parenchyma
  2. Collenchyma
  3. Sclerenchyma
  4. Aerenchyma
  5. Chlorenchyma

Column B:
 a) Provides flexibility
 b) Helps in buoyancy
 c) Contains chloroplasts
 d) Living with thin walls
 e) Dead with thick lignified walls

Answers:
 1 – d
 2 – a
 3 – e
 4 – b
 5 – c




Set 2: Match the Following

Column A:

  1. Apical meristem
  2. Lateral meristem
  3. Epidermis
  4. Cork
  5. Permanent tissue

Column B:
 a) Protection in old stems
 b) Found at root/shoot tips
 c) Cells that lose division ability
 d) Found in cambium region
 e) Outer single layer in young plant parts

Answers:
 1 – b
 2 – d
 3 – e
 4 – a
 5 – c




Set 3: Match the Following

Column A:

  1. Xylem vessels
  2. Tracheids
  3. Xylem parenchyma
  4. Xylem fibres
  5. Phloem

Column B:
 a) Food transport
 b) Dead, thick-walled supportive cells
 c) Living, stores food
 d) Dead, tube-like for water
 e) Elongated, tapering cells

Answers:
 1 – d
 2 – e
 3 – c
 4 – b
 5 – a




Set 4: Match the Following

Column A:

  1. Sieve tubes
  2. Companion cells
  3. Phloem parenchyma
  4. Phloem fibres
  5. Complex tissue

Column B:
 a) Assists sieve tubes
 b) Transports food
 c) Found in phloem, stores food
 d) Dead support in phloem
 e) Made of more than one cell type

Answers:
 1 – b
 2 – a
 3 – c
 4 – d
 5 – e




Set 5: Match the Following

Column A:

  1. Squamous epithelium
  2. Cuboidal epithelium
  3. Columnar epithelium
  4. Ciliated epithelium
  5. Glandular epithelium

Column B:
 a) Found in salivary glands
 b) Cube-shaped, in kidneys
 c) Flat cells in alveoli
 d) Has hair-like projections
 e) Absorption in intestines

Answers:
 1 – c
 2 – b
 3 – e
 4 – d
 5 – a




Set 6: Match the Following

Column A:

  1. Areolar tissue
  2. Adipose tissue
  3. Ligament
  4. Tendon
  5. Cartilage

Column B:
 a) Bone to bone connection
 b) Found in ear and trachea
 c) Muscle to bone connection
 d) Fat storing tissue
 e) Packing tissue under skin

Answers:
 1 – e
 2 – d
 3 – a
 4 – c
 5 – b




Set 7: Match the Following

Column A:

  1. Bone
  2. Blood
  3. Plasma
  4. RBC
  5. WBC

Column B:
 a) Red pigment cell
 b) Immune defence
 c) Hard connective tissue
 d) Fluid part of blood
 e) Transport medium

Answers:
 1 – c
 2 – e
 3 – d
 4 – a
 5 – b




Set 8: Match the Following

Column A:

  1. Cardiac muscle
  2. Striated muscle
  3. Smooth muscle
  4. Involuntary muscle
  5. Voluntary muscle

Column B:
 a) Branched muscle of heart
 b) Skeletal muscles
 c) Found in intestine
 d) Contracts without will
 e) Contracts with control

Answers:
 1 – a
 2 – b
 3 – c
 4 – d
 5 – e




Set 9: Match the Following

Column A:

  1. Dendrite
  2. Axon
  3. Cell body
  4. Myelin sheath
  5. Synapse

Column B:
 a) Covers axon for insulation
 b) Part that receives impulses
 c) Gap between neurons
 d) Contains nucleus
 e) Transmits impulse away

Answers:
 1 – b
 2 – e
 3 – d
 4 – a
 5 – c




Set 10: Match the Following

Column A:

  1. Intercalary meristem
  2. Stratified epithelium
  3. Fibrous connective tissue
  4. Nervous tissue
  5. A tissue

Column B:
 a) Found at base of leaves
 b) Protects against wear and tear
 c) Group of similar cells
 d) Found in tendons
 e) Conducts impulses

Answers:
 1 – a
 2 – b
 3 – d
 4 – e
 5 – c

Short Answer Questions  

  1. What is a tissue?
     Answer: A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a specific function.


  2. What are the two main types of tissues in plants?
     Answer: Meristematic tissue and permanent tissue.


  3. What is the function of meristematic tissue?
     Answer: Meristematic tissue is responsible for the growth of plants.


  4. Where is apical meristem found?
     Answer: It is found at the tips of roots and shoots.


  5. What does lateral meristem do?
     Answer: It increases the thickness of stems and roots.


  6. What are permanent tissues?
     Answer: Permanent tissues are derived from meristematic tissues and have lost the ability to divide.


  7. What is the function of epidermis in plants?
     Answer: Epidermis protects the plant from water loss, injury, and infection.


  8. What is cork?
     Answer: Cork is a protective tissue made of dead cells found in older stems and roots.


  9. What is parenchyma?
     Answer: Parenchyma is a living tissue with thin walls that stores food and performs photosynthesis.


  10. What is aerenchyma?
     Answer: Aerenchyma is a type of parenchyma with air spaces that provides buoyancy in aquatic plants.


  11. What is collenchyma?
     Answer: Collenchyma is a living supporting tissue that provides flexibility and mechanical support.


  12. What is sclerenchyma?
     Answer: Sclerenchyma is a dead supporting tissue with thick lignified walls that provides strength.


  13. Name the two types of sclerenchyma.
     Answer: Fibres and sclereids.


  14. What is the function of xylem?
     Answer: Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.


  15. What is the function of phloem?
     Answer: Phloem transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant.


  16. What is the only living component of xylem?
     Answer: Xylem parenchyma.


  17. Which is the only dead component of phloem?
     Answer: Phloem fibres.


  18. What are sieve tubes?
     Answer: Sieve tubes are living cells in phloem that help in food transport.


  19. What is the function of companion cells?
     Answer: Companion cells help sieve tubes in the transport of food.


  20. What is epithelial tissue?
     Answer: Epithelial tissue covers the body surfaces and lines internal organs.


  21. Where is squamous epithelium found?
     Answer: It is found in the alveoli of lungs and blood vessels.


  22. What is the function of cuboidal epithelium?
     Answer: It helps in secretion and absorption.


  23. Where is columnar epithelium found?
     Answer: It is found in the lining of the stomach and intestine.


  24. What is ciliated epithelium?
     Answer: It is a type of columnar epithelium with cilia on the surface.


  25. What is the function of glandular epithelium?
     Answer: It is specialised for secretion of substances.


  26. What is connective tissue?
     Answer: Connective tissue connects and supports different parts of the body.


  27. What is areolar tissue?
     Answer: Areolar tissue is a packing tissue found under the skin.


  28. What is adipose tissue?
     Answer: Adipose tissue stores fat and provides insulation.


  29. What is the function of tendons?
     Answer: Tendons connect muscles to bones.


  30. What is the function of ligaments?
     Answer: Ligaments connect bones to other bones.


  31. Where is cartilage found?
     Answer: Cartilage is found in the nose, ear, and rings of the trachea.


  32. What is bone?
     Answer: Bone is a hard connective tissue that forms the skeleton.


  33. What is blood?
     Answer: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that transports substances throughout the body.


  34. What is plasma?
     Answer: Plasma is the liquid part of blood in which blood cells are suspended.


  35. What is the function of RBCs?
     Answer: RBCs transport oxygen.


  36. What is the function of WBCs?
     Answer: WBCs protect the body from infection.


  37. What is the function of platelets?
     Answer: Platelets help in blood clotting.


  38. What is lymph?
     Answer: Lymph is a fluid connective tissue involved in immunity and transport.


  39. What is muscle tissue?
     Answer: Muscle tissue is responsible for movement in the body.


  40. What are striated muscles?
     Answer: Striated muscles are voluntary muscles found in limbs.


  41. What are unstriated muscles?
     Answer: Unstriated muscles are involuntary muscles found in internal organs.


  42. What are cardiac muscles?
     Answer: Cardiac muscles are involuntary, striated muscles found in the heart.


  43. What is nervous tissue?
     Answer: Nervous tissue detects stimuli and conducts impulses.


  44. What are neurons?
     Answer: Neurons are the structural and functional units of nervous tissue.


  45. What is the function of dendrites?
     Answer: Dendrites receive nerve impulses from other neurons.


  46. What is the function of axons?
     Answer: Axons transmit impulses away from the cell body.


  47. What is a synapse?
     Answer: A synapse is the gap between two neurons where impulses pass.


  48. What is the cell body of a neuron called?
     Answer: It is called the cyton.


  49. What is the function of the myelin sheath?
     Answer: Myelin sheath insulates the axon and speeds up impulse transmission.


  50. Why are tissues important in multicellular organisms?
     Answer: Tissues allow division of labour and efficient functioning of body systems.

Puzzles

  1. I help plants grow in length and am found at the tips of roots and shoots.
     Apical meristem


  2. I provide flexibility to plant parts and have unevenly thickened walls.
     Collenchyma


  3. I am made of dead cells with lignified walls and provide strength.
     Sclerenchyma


  4. I transport water and minerals upward in the plant.
     Xylem


  5. I transport food throughout the plant, both upward and downward.
     Phloem


  6. I am the outermost protective layer in young plant organs.
     Epidermis


  7. I replace the epidermis in older plants and contain suberin.
     Cork


  8. I store food and may help in photosynthesis or buoyancy.
     Parenchyma


  9. I have chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis in parenchyma.
     Chlorenchyma


  10. I have large air spaces and help aquatic plants float.
     Aerenchyma


  11. I am tall and pillar-like, found in intestines, and help in absorption.
     Columnar epithelium


  12. I have cube-shaped cells and help in secretion and absorption in kidney tubules.
     Cuboidal epithelium


  13. I form a thin, flat layer and line the alveoli for gas exchange.
     Squamous epithelium


  14. I have hair-like structures that push mucus or ova along surfaces.
     Ciliated epithelium


  15. I secrete substances and form the lining of glands.
     Glandular epithelium


  16. I am strong, fibrous, and connect muscles to bones.
     Tendon


  17. I connect bones to other bones and provide flexibility to joints.
     Ligament


  18. I am soft, loosely arranged, and found beneath the skin.
     Areolar tissue


  19. I store fat and insulate the body.
     Adipose tissue


  20. I am a supportive connective tissue found in nose and ears.
     Cartilage


  21. I form the rigid framework of the body and contain calcium.
     Bone


  22. I circulate in blood vessels and transport oxygen and nutrients.
     Blood


  23. I am pale yellow and help in transport and immunity.
     Lymph


  24. I am biconcave and carry oxygen using haemoglobin.
     Red blood cell (RBC)


  25. I protect the body from infections and have a nucleus.
     White blood cell (WBC)


  26. I help in blood clotting at the site of injury.
     Platelets


  27. I form the liquid matrix of blood.
     Plasma


  28. I am made of long, contractile cells that cause movement.
     Muscle tissue


  29. I am voluntary, striated, and found in limbs.
     Striated muscle


  30. I am involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs.
     Unstriated muscle


  31. I am striated, branched, involuntary, and found in the heart.
     Cardiac muscle


  32. I transmit messages using electrical impulses.
     Nervous tissue


  33. I am the basic unit of the nervous system.
     Neuron


  34. I receive nerve impulses from other neurons.
     Dendrites


  35. I carry impulses away from the neuron’s cell body.
     Axon


  36. I insulate axons and speed up impulse conduction.
     Myelin sheath


  37. I form a junction between two neurons.
     Synapse


  38. I divide repeatedly and cause plant growth.
     Meristematic tissue


  39. I am permanent, simple, and made of one cell type.
     Parenchyma


  40. I am complex and made of multiple types of cells for transport.
     Xylem


  41. I help increase the girth of a plant.
     Lateral meristem


  42. I am found between nodes in grasses and help in elongation.
     Intercalary meristem


  43. I rest beneath epithelium and provide support.
     Basement membrane


  44. I am found in glands and secrete hormones and enzymes.
     Glandular epithelium


  45. I am found in blood and help carry hormones and waste.
     Plasma


  46. I make bones rigid and hard.
     Calcium and phosphorus


  47. I form the protective layer in woody plants.
     Cork


  48. I allow bending of plant parts without breaking.
     Collenchyma


  49. I increase the thickness of stems and roots.
     Cambium


  50. I perform sensory functions and coordinate responses.
     Nervous tissue

Difference Between:

  1. Difference between Meristematic and Permanent Tissues
  • Meristematic: Actively dividing cells.
  • Permanent: Mature, non-dividing cells.



  1. Difference between Apical Meristem and Lateral Meristem
  • Apical: Present at root/shoot tips; causes lengthwise growth.
  • Lateral: Present on sides; causes increase in thickness.



  1. Difference between Parenchyma and Collenchyma
  • Parenchyma: Thin-walled, loosely packed, involved in storage/photosynthesis.
  • Collenchyma: Unevenly thick walls, provides flexibility and support.



  1. Difference between Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma
  • Collenchyma: Living cells, flexibility.
  • Sclerenchyma: Dead cells, rigidity.



  1. Difference between Xylem and Phloem
  • Xylem: Transports water/minerals; mostly dead cells.
  • Phloem: Transports food; mostly living cells.



  1. Difference between Simple and Complex Permanent Tissues
  • Simple: Made of one type of cell (e.g., parenchyma).
  • Complex: Made of different types of cells (e.g., xylem).



  1. Difference between Epidermis and Cork
  • Epidermis: Outer protective layer of young plant parts; living cells.
  • Cork: Protective layer in old stems; dead cells with suberin.



  1. Difference between Tendons and Ligaments
  • Tendons: Connect muscle to bone.
  • Ligaments: Connect bone to bone.



  1. Difference between Areolar and Adipose Tissue
  • Areolar: Loose, packing tissue under skin.
  • Adipose: Fat-storing tissue for insulation.



  1. Difference between Cartilage and Bone
  • Cartilage: Soft, flexible, non-vascular.
  • Bone: Hard, rigid, vascular.



  1. Difference between RBC and WBC
  • RBC: No nucleus, carries oxygen.
  • WBC: Nucleus present, fights infection.



  1. Difference between Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles
  • Voluntary: Under conscious control (e.g., limbs).
  • Involuntary: Not under conscious control (e.g., stomach).



  1. Difference between Striated and Unstriated Muscles
  • Striated: Multinucleate, striped, voluntary.
  • Unstriated: Spindle-shaped, non-striped, involuntary.



  1. Difference between Cardiac and Striated Muscles
  • Cardiac: Branched, involuntary, found in heart.
  • Striated: Unbranched, voluntary, found in limbs.



  1. Difference between Neuron and Neuroglia
  • Neuron: Transmits nerve impulses.
  • Neuroglia: Supports and protects neurons.



  1. Difference between Dendrite and Axon
  • Dendrite: Receives impulses and carries to cell body.
  • Axon: Carries impulse away from cell body.



  1. Difference between Sieve Tubes and Vessels
  • Sieve Tubes: Found in phloem; living cells.
  • Vessels: Found in xylem; dead tubular structures.



  1. Difference between Basement Membrane and Epithelium
  • Basement Membrane: Non-cellular layer supporting epithelium.
  • Epithelium: Cellular layer forming body linings and coverings.



  1. Difference between Lymph and Blood
  • Lymph: Pale yellow, no RBCs, part of immune system.
  • Blood: Red, contains RBCs, transports gases/nutrients.



  1. Difference between Protective and Supporting Tissues in Plants
  • Protective: Covers and protects plant (e.g., epidermis).
  • Supporting: Provides strength and flexibility (e.g., collenchyma).

Assertion and Reason

Each question includes:

  • Assertion (A)
  • Reason (R)
  • Correct option from:
     A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
     B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
     C. A is true, but R is false
     D. A is false, but R is true
  1.  

Assertion (A): Meristematic tissues are responsible for plant growth.
 Reason (R): Meristematic cells divide continuously.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Parenchyma is a dead tissue in plants.
 Reason (R): It has thick lignified walls.
 Answer: D

  1.  

Assertion (A): Collenchyma provides flexibility to plant parts.
 Reason (R): Its cells have unevenly thickened walls.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Sclerenchyma cells are living at maturity.
 Reason (R): They have thick lignified walls.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Aerenchyma helps aquatic plants float.
 Reason (R): It contains large air cavities.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Phloem transports water in plants.
 Reason (R): Phloem has sieve tubes and companion cells.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Xylem parenchyma stores food.
 Reason (R): It is the only living component of xylem.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Sieve tubes are dead cells.
 Reason (R): They lack nuclei at maturity.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Apical meristem causes an increase in length of plants.
 Reason (R): It is found at root and shoot tips.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Lateral meristem is responsible for primary growth.
 Reason (R): It increases the girth of stems and roots.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Epidermis protects plant organs.
 Reason (R): It is the outermost single cell layer.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Companion cells help sieve tubes in conduction.
 Reason (R): They are dead cells.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Glandular epithelium helps in absorption.
 Reason (R): It is modified for secretion.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Squamous epithelium is found in kidney tubules.
 Reason (R): It allows diffusion of gases.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Columnar epithelium helps in secretion and absorption.
 Reason (R): It has tall, pillar-like cells.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Cardiac muscle is found in the stomach.
 Reason (R): It is involuntary in action.
 Answer: D

  1.  

Assertion (A): Cardiac muscle cells are multinucleated.
 Reason (R): They are striated and branched.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Smooth muscle is involuntary.
 Reason (R): It has spindle-shaped, non-striated cells.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Skeletal muscles are striated and involuntary.
 Reason (R): They help in voluntary movements.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Areolar tissue acts as a packing material.
 Reason (R): It fills space between organs and provides support.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Adipose tissue stores energy.
 Reason (R): It stores fat in its cells.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Tendons connect bones to bones.
 Reason (R): Tendons are made of fibrous connective tissue.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Ligaments connect muscle to bone.
 Reason (R): They are elastic and fibrous.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Cartilage heals faster than bone.
 Reason (R): Cartilage has poor blood supply.
 Answer: D

  1.  

Assertion (A): Bone is the hardest connective tissue.
 Reason (R): Its matrix is rich in calcium and phosphorus.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Blood is a connective tissue.
 Reason (R): It has cells suspended in plasma.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Lymph helps in fat transport.
 Reason (R): It is a fluid connective tissue.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Neurons can divide and regenerate easily.
 Reason (R): They are highly specialized cells.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Dendrites carry impulses away from the cell body.
 Reason (R): Axons receive impulses from other neurons.
 Answer: D

  1.  

Assertion (A): Myelin sheath helps in faster transmission of impulses.
 Reason (R): It insulates the axon.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Parenchyma cells are thin-walled and living.
 Reason (R): They help in storage and photosynthesis.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Collenchyma is found in hard seed coats.
 Reason (R): It provides flexibility to plant parts.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Sclereids are long, narrow cells.
 Reason (R): They are a type of sclerenchyma.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Sclerenchyma provides support to mature plant parts.
 Reason (R): Its cells are lignified and dead.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Xylem and phloem form complex tissues.
 Reason (R): They are made up of more than one type of cells.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Phloem transports water upward only.
 Reason (R): Phloem contains sieve tubes and companion cells.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Xylem fibres are living cells.
 Reason (R): All xylem elements are alive.
 Answer: D

  1.  

Assertion (A): Intercalary meristem helps in elongation of internodes.
 Reason (R): It is present at the base of leaves and internodes.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Companion cells have nuclei.
 Reason (R): They help sieve tubes in conduction.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Cork cells are living and flexible.
 Reason (R): They contain lignin.
 Answer: D

  1.  

Assertion (A): Columnar epithelium lines the respiratory tract.
 Reason (R): Its surface may have cilia for movement.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Tendons are elastic and join bone to bone.
 Reason (R): They are made of white fibrous tissue.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Ligaments have elasticity.
 Reason (R): They help in joint movement.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Blood helps in transport and protection.
 Reason (R): It contains red and white blood cells.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Platelets are involved in immunity.
 Reason (R): They help in blood clotting.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Plasma is the fluid part of blood.
 Reason (R): It carries cells and dissolved substances.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Stratified epithelium allows diffusion.
 Reason (R): It is made of a single layer of cells.
 Answer: D

  1.  

Assertion (A): Ciliated epithelium helps in movement of substances.
 Reason (R): Cilia beat to move mucus and particles.
 Answer: A

  1.  

Assertion (A): Cartilage is rigid and inelastic.
 Reason (R): Its matrix is soft and flexible.
 Answer: C

  1.  

Assertion (A): Bone provides structural framework of body.
 Reason (R): It has a mineralized matrix.
 Answer: A

True or False

  1. Meristematic tissues are capable of cell division.
     Answer: True


  2. Parenchyma cells are dead and lignified.
     Answer: False


  3. Collenchyma provides flexibility to plant parts.
     Answer: True


  4. Sclerenchyma cells are living at maturity.
     Answer: False


  5. Aerenchyma helps in the flotation of aquatic plants.
     Answer: True


  6. Xylem is responsible for food transport.
     Answer: False


  7. Phloem contains living cells except phloem fibres.
     Answer: True


  8. Xylem vessels are tube-like and dead.
     Answer: True


  9. Apical meristem is found at the tips of roots and stems.
     Answer: True


  10. Lateral meristem is responsible for increase in plant length.
     Answer: False


  11. Cork is formed by living cells.
     Answer: False


  12. Epidermis protects against mechanical injury and water loss.
     Answer: True


  13. Chlorenchyma contains chloroplasts and performs photosynthesis.
     Answer: True


  14. Companion cells are dead and assist sieve tubes.
     Answer: False


  15. Phloem fibres are the only dead components of phloem.
     Answer: True


  16. Meristematic tissues have large vacuoles.
     Answer: False


  17. Xylem parenchyma is the only living component of xylem.
     Answer: True


  18. Sclerenchyma provides strength and rigidity to plants.
     Answer: True


  19. Parenchyma helps in storage and sometimes photosynthesis.
     Answer: True


  20. Ciliated epithelium is found in the trachea.
     Answer: True


  21. Glandular epithelium performs absorption.
     Answer: False


  22. Columnar epithelium is cube-shaped.
     Answer: False


  23. Stratified epithelium provides protection.
     Answer: True


  24. Squamous epithelium is found in alveoli of lungs.
     Answer: True


  25. Cardiac muscles are voluntary.
     Answer: False


  26. Striated muscles are found in limbs and are voluntary.
     Answer: True


  27. Smooth muscles are involuntary and found in internal organs.
     Answer: True


  28. Cardiac muscles are striated and multinucleate.
     Answer: False


  29. Nervous tissue consists of neurons that transmit impulses.
     Answer: True


  30. Dendrites carry impulses away from the cell body.
     Answer: False


  31. Axon transmits impulse away from the cell body.
     Answer: True


  32. Myelin sheath slows down impulse transmission.
     Answer: False


  33. The gap between two neurons is called a synapse.
     Answer: True


  34. Bone is a soft connective tissue.
     Answer: False


  35. Blood is a type of connective tissue.
     Answer: True


  36. Plasma is the solid part of blood.
     Answer: False


  37. RBCs help in oxygen transport.
     Answer: True


  38. WBCs protect the body from infection.
     Answer: True


  39. Platelets help in digestion.
     Answer: False


  40. Areolar tissue acts as packing between organs.
     Answer: True


  41. Adipose tissue is a type of muscular tissue.
     Answer: False


  42. Ligaments connect muscles to bones.
     Answer: False


  43. Tendons connect muscles to bones.
     Answer: True


  44. Cartilage is a connective tissue found in nose and ear.
     Answer: True


  45. Connective tissues have cells closely packed together.
     Answer: False


  46. Epithelial tissues have tightly packed cells.
     Answer: True


  47. Lymph is a type of fluid connective tissue.
     Answer: True


  48. Xylem and phloem are simple tissues.
     Answer: False


  49. A tissue is a group of similar cells performing a specific function.
     Answer: True


  50. All muscle tissues are voluntary in nature.
     Answer: False

Long Answer Questions

  1. Define a tissue. What are the advantages of tissue formation in multicellular organisms?
     Answer: A tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a specific function. Tissue formation allows division of labour, increases efficiency, and enables organisms to have complex body structures with specialised functions.



  1. Classify plant tissues and explain each category.
    Answer: Plant tissues are classified into:
  • Meristematic tissue – composed of actively dividing cells responsible for growth.
  • Permanent tissue – formed from meristematic tissue; cells lose the power of division and perform specialised functions such as support, transport, and protection.



  1. Describe the structure and function of meristematic tissue.
    Answer: Meristematic tissues consist of small, thin-walled, densely cytoplasmic cells with prominent nuclei and no vacuoles. They are responsible for plant growth and are located in regions like shoot tips, root tips, and cambium.



  1. Write a note on apical, lateral, and intercalary meristems.
    Answer:
  • Apical meristem: Found at shoot and root tips; responsible for primary growth (length).
  • Lateral meristem: Found on sides of stems/roots (e.g., cambium); responsible for secondary growth (thickness).
  • Intercalary meristem: Located at the base of leaves or internodes; responsible for elongation in some plants.



  1. What is permanent tissue? How is it formed?
    Answer: Permanent tissue is made of cells that have lost the power to divide and are derived from meristematic tissues. These cells become mature and specialised to perform specific functions like storage, protection, support, or transport.



  1. What is the structure and function of parenchyma?
    Answer: Parenchyma consists of living cells with thin walls, large central vacuoles, and intercellular spaces. It stores food, water, and sometimes performs photosynthesis (chlorenchyma) or provides buoyancy (aerenchyma).



  1. Describe collenchyma tissue with its characteristics and function.
    Answer: Collenchyma consists of living cells with unevenly thickened corners. It provides mechanical support and elasticity, especially in growing parts like stems and leaf stalks.



  1. Describe sclerenchyma tissue and state its function.
    Answer: Sclerenchyma is composed of dead cells with very thick lignified walls. It provides rigidity and structural support to plant parts. It includes sclereids and fibres found in seed coats, nut shells, and stems.



  1. Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
    Answer:
  • Parenchyma: Living, thin-walled, performs storage/photosynthesis.
  • Collenchyma: Living, unevenly thickened walls, gives flexibility.
  • Sclerenchyma: Dead, thick lignified walls, provides rigidity.



  1. Describe the components and functions of xylem.
    Answer: Xylem includes tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibres. It conducts water and minerals from roots to aerial parts and also provides mechanical support.



  1. Describe the components and functions of phloem.
    Answer: Phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibres. It transports prepared food from leaves to all parts of the plant and stores food.



  1. What is epidermis and what are its functions?
    Answer: Epidermis is the outermost single layer of cells in young plant parts. It protects against mechanical injury, water loss, and infection. Some epidermal cells may secrete cutin or form root hairs.



  1. What is cork and what is its role in plants?
    Answer: Cork is a protective tissue made of dead cells that forms in older stems and roots. It contains suberin, a waxy substance that makes it impermeable to water and gases.



  1. Define complex permanent tissue. Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues?
    Answer: Complex permanent tissue is composed of more than one type of cell working together. Xylem and phloem are called complex because they have various cell types with specific roles in transport and support.



  1. What are simple permanent tissues? Give examples.
    Answer: Simple permanent tissues are made of only one type of cell. Examples include parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.



  1. Describe the general characteristics of epithelial tissue.
    Answer: Epithelial tissues consist of tightly packed cells with minimal intercellular space, rest on a basement membrane, and cover body surfaces and internal organs. Functions include protection, absorption, secretion, and filtration.



  1. Describe squamous epithelium and its location.
    Answer: Squamous epithelium is made of flat, thin cells found in the alveoli of lungs and lining of blood vessels. It allows diffusion and filtration.



  1. Explain the function and location of cuboidal epithelium.
    Answer: Cuboidal epithelium is composed of cube-shaped cells found in kidney tubules and glands. It aids in absorption and secretion.



  1. What is columnar epithelium? Where is it found and what does it do?
    Answer: Columnar epithelium consists of tall, pillar-like cells. It is found in the inner lining of the stomach and intestines and functions in absorption and secretion.



  1. Write short notes on ciliated and glandular epithelium.
    Answer:
  • Ciliated epithelium: Columnar cells with cilia; found in trachea and oviducts; moves mucus/particles.
  • Glandular epithelium: Modified epithelium in glands; performs secretion.



  1. Define connective tissue and mention its types.
    Answer: Connective tissue supports and binds body parts. Types include connective tissue proper (areolar, adipose), supportive (bone, cartilage), and fluid (blood, lymph).



  1. Describe the structure and function of areolar tissue.
    Answer: Areolar tissue is a loose connective tissue with fibroblasts and matrix. It fills spaces, supports internal organs, and acts as packing tissue under the skin.



  1. Describe the structure and role of adipose tissue.
    Answer: Adipose tissue contains fat-storing cells. It provides insulation, stores energy, and protects organs by cushioning.



  1. What is cartilage? Mention its location and function.
    Answer: Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue made of chondrocytes in a firm matrix. Found in ear, nose, and trachea; it provides support and flexibility.



  1. What is bone? Mention its features and function.
    Answer: Bone is a hard connective tissue with calcium-phosphate-rich matrix. It provides support, protection, and helps in locomotion.



  1. Describe the composition and function of blood.
    Answer: Blood consists of plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. It transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and helps in immunity and clotting.



  1. What is plasma? State its function.
    Answer: Plasma is the liquid part of blood that transports nutrients, hormones, and waste materials throughout the body.



  1. What is the function of red blood cells?
    Answer: Red blood cells contain haemoglobin and carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues.



  1. What is the role of white blood cells?
    Answer: White blood cells defend the body against infections by producing antibodies and engulfing pathogens.



  1. What is the function of platelets?
    Answer: Platelets help in blood clotting and prevent excessive bleeding at injury sites.



  1. Define lymph and state its function.
    Answer: Lymph is a pale-yellow fluid connective tissue that helps in transporting fats, white blood cells, and plays a role in immunity.



  1. What are tendons and what do they do?
    Answer: Tendons are tough, fibrous connective tissues that connect muscles to bones and help in movement.



  1. What are ligaments and what is their function?
    Answer: Ligaments are elastic connective tissues that connect bones to bones and help in joint movement and stability.



  1. What is muscle tissue? Mention its types.
    Answer: Muscle tissue enables movement and includes three types: striated (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), and cardiac (involuntary, found in heart).



  1. Describe striated muscle with its location and function.
    Answer: Striated muscle has alternating light and dark bands, is voluntary, and is found in limbs for locomotion.



  1. Describe unstriated muscle and its function.
    Answer: Unstriated muscle is smooth, involuntary, and is found in walls of organs like the stomach and intestines to perform internal movements.



  1. Describe the structure and function of cardiac muscle.
    Answer: Cardiac muscle is involuntary, striated, branched, and found in the heart; it contracts rhythmically to pump blood.



  1. What is nervous tissue and what is its function?
    Answer: Nervous tissue is made of neurons that detect stimuli and conduct nerve impulses for coordination of body functions.



  1. Name the parts of a neuron and state their functions.
    Answer: A neuron has a cell body (cyton) that controls cell activity, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that transmits impulses.



  1. What is the function of dendrites?
    Answer: Dendrites receive signals from other neurons or receptors and transmit them to the cell body.



  1. What is the role of the axon in a neuron?
    Answer: The axon carries nerve impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or effectors.



  1. What is myelin sheath and what is its function?
    Answer: Myelin sheath is a fatty layer around the axon that insulates it and speeds up nerve impulse transmission.



  1. What is the synapse?
    Answer: A synapse is the junction between two neurons where nerve impulses pass via chemical transmission.



  1. Explain the importance of tissues in complex organisms.
    Answer: Tissues help in the division of labour, allow functional specialisation, and make complex body functions more efficient.



  1. How are plant tissues different from animal tissues?
    Answer: Plant tissues focus on support, transport, and photosynthesis, while animal tissues are more specialised for movement, coordination, and internal functions.



  1. Differentiate between simple and complex permanent tissues.
    Answer: Simple tissues have one type of cell (e.g., parenchyma), while complex tissues have different cell types working together (e.g., xylem and phloem).



  1. How does the structure of xylem support its function?
    Answer: Xylem has hollow, dead vessels and tracheids that form continuous tubes for water transport and thick lignified walls for support.



  1. Why is blood considered a connective tissue?
    Answer: Blood connects different parts of the body by transporting gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste, with a matrix (plasma) and suspended cells.



  1. How does cartilage differ from bone in structure and function?
    Answer: Cartilage is softer, more flexible, and lacks blood vessels, while bone is hard, rigid, and vascularised, providing more strength.



  1. Why are neurons considered highly specialised cells?
    Answer: Neurons are specialised to receive, process, and transmit electrical impulses, and have a unique structure adapted for communication over long distances.

Give Reasons

  1. Give reason: Meristematic cells do not have vacuoles.
     Answer: Because they are actively dividing and need dense cytoplasm, not storage space.


  2. Give reason: Parenchyma is called a simple permanent tissue.
     Answer: Because it is made up of only one type of cell that performs basic functions like storage.


  3. Give reason: Sclerenchyma cells are dead.
     Answer: Because their walls are heavily thickened with lignin, which kills the cell at maturity.


  4. Give reason: Collenchyma provides flexibility to plant parts.
     Answer: Because its living cells have unevenly thickened walls at the corners.


  5. Give reason: Aerenchyma is found in aquatic plants.
     Answer: Because it has large air cavities that help in buoyancy.


  6. Give reason: Xylem vessels are dead tissues.
     Answer: Because they are hollow and lignified to conduct water efficiently.


  7. Give reason: Phloem fibres are the only dead cells in phloem.
     Answer: Because they are thick-walled and supportive, unlike other living phloem elements.


  8. Give reason: Companion cells are essential for sieve tubes.
     Answer: Because sieve tubes lack nuclei and depend on companion cells for metabolic support.


  9. Give reason: Apical meristem causes lengthening of plant organs.
     Answer: Because it is located at the tips of roots and shoots where active cell division occurs.


  10. Give reason: Lateral meristem increases girth of the plant.
     Answer: Because it adds secondary tissues to stems and roots by cell division.


  11. Give reason: Xylem is a complex tissue.
     Answer: Because it consists of different cell types like tracheids, vessels, fibres, and parenchyma.


  12. Give reason: Cork prevents water loss.
     Answer: Because its cells contain suberin, making it impermeable to water and gases.


  13. Give reason: Epidermis in plants acts as a protective layer.
     Answer: Because it is the outermost layer that guards against injury, infection, and water loss.


  14. Give reason: Parenchyma can perform photosynthesis.
     Answer: Because it may contain chloroplasts, forming chlorenchyma.


  15. Give reason: Phloem is called a complex tissue.
     Answer: Because it is made up of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and fibres.


  16. Give reason: Collenchyma allows bending of plant parts without breaking.
     Answer: Because its cells are flexible and have unevenly thickened walls.


  17. Give reason: Sclerenchyma provides mechanical strength.
     Answer: Because its cells are dead and have heavily lignified thick walls.


  18. Give reason: Xylem transports water only in one direction.
     Answer: Because it conducts water and minerals upward from roots to shoots.


  19. Give reason: Phloem transports food in both directions.
     Answer: Because it distributes food from leaves to all parts of the plant as needed.


  20. Give reason: Epithelial cells are tightly packed.
     Answer: Because they form protective linings and coverings of the body and organs.


  21. Give reason: Squamous epithelium is ideal for diffusion.
     Answer: Because its thin, flat cells allow easy exchange of materials like gases.


  22. Give reason: Columnar epithelium is found in the intestine.
     Answer: Because its tall cells help in efficient absorption and secretion.


  23. Give reason: Ciliated epithelium helps in movement of substances.
     Answer: Because the cilia beat to push substances like mucus or ova.


  24. Give reason: Glandular epithelium is present in salivary glands.
     Answer: Because it is specialised to secrete saliva and other enzymes.


  25. Give reason: Areolar tissue acts as packing tissue.
     Answer: Because it fills space between organs and supports internal body parts.


  26. Give reason: Adipose tissue helps in insulation.
     Answer: Because it stores fat which reduces heat loss.


  27. Give reason: Cartilage is more flexible than bone.
     Answer: Because it lacks calcium salts and is composed of soft matrix.


  28. Give reason: Bone can support the body weight.
     Answer: Because it has a rigid matrix rich in calcium and phosphorus.


  29. Give reason: Ligaments are elastic.
     Answer: Because they contain more elastic fibres, allowing joint movement.


  30. Give reason: Tendons are non-elastic.
     Answer: Because they are made mostly of collagen fibres providing strength.


  31. Give reason: Blood is called a connective tissue.
     Answer: Because it connects different organs by transporting substances.


  32. Give reason: Plasma is important in blood.
     Answer: Because it transports nutrients, hormones, and waste materials.


  33. Give reason: RBCs carry oxygen.
     Answer: Because they contain haemoglobin that binds with oxygen.


  34. Give reason: WBCs are larger than RBCs.
     Answer: Because they perform defensive functions and have nuclei.


  35. Give reason: Platelets help in clotting of blood.
     Answer: Because they release clotting factors at injury sites.


  36. Give reason: Lymph helps in immunity.
     Answer: Because it contains lymphocytes which fight infections.


  37. Give reason: Striated muscles are voluntary.
     Answer: Because they contract under conscious control.


  38. Give reason: Cardiac muscles never fatigue.
     Answer: Because they have high endurance and numerous mitochondria.


  39. Give reason: Smooth muscles are found in the stomach.
     Answer: Because they help in involuntary movements like digestion.


  40. Give reason: Cardiac muscles have intercalated discs.
     Answer: Because they help in coordinated and rhythmic contractions.


  41. Give reason: Nervous tissue is made up of neurons.
     Answer: Because neurons are specialised to conduct impulses.


  42. Give reason: Dendrites are important in a neuron.
     Answer: Because they receive impulses from other cells.


  43. Give reason: Axon transmits messages to distant organs.
     Answer: Because it carries impulses away from the neuron’s cell body.


  44. Give reason: Myelin sheath speeds up impulse transmission.
     Answer: Because it insulates the axon and prevents loss of signals.


  45. Give reason: Synapse is essential for neuron communication.
     Answer: Because it allows impulse transfer from one neuron to another.


  46. Give reason: Tissue division of labour increases efficiency.
     Answer: Because each tissue performs a specific function in an organism.


  47. Give reason: Plant cells need supportive tissue.
     Answer: Because they lack skeleton and need tissues like collenchyma and sclerenchyma.


  48. Give reason: Animal tissues are more complex than plant tissues.
     Answer: Because animals perform more complex functions like locomotion, digestion, and control.


  49. Give reason: Muscle tissues have contractile proteins.
     Answer: Because they enable the contraction and relaxation needed for movement.


  50. Give reason: Connective tissues have matrix.
     Answer: Because matrix binds and supports other tissues and provides structure.

Arrange the Words 

Case Studies

  1. Case: A gardener notices that the tips of his plant’s roots and shoots are growing faster than other parts.
     Question: Which type of tissue is responsible for this growth?
     Answer: Apical meristem


  2. Case: A botanist studying aquatic plants finds tissues with large air-filled spaces that help the plant float.
     Question: Which tissue is being described?
     Answer: Aerenchyma


  3. Case: A doctor explains that a person has torn a tissue that connects muscle to bone.
     Question: Name the tissue that is likely damaged.
     Answer: Tendon


  4. Case: A cross-section of a plant stem shows dead cells with thick walls and no protoplasm.
     Question: What type of plant tissue is this?
     Answer: Sclerenchyma


  5. Case: A biology student observes cube-shaped cells in kidney tubules under a microscope.
     Question: Which epithelial tissue is this?
     Answer: Cuboidal epithelium


  6. Case: An old tree has grown thick over the years. The increase in girth is due to activity in a specific tissue.
     Question: Which plant tissue is responsible for this?
     Answer: Lateral meristem (cambium)


  7. Case: A person has swelling due to accumulation of fluid around tissues, and their lymph nodes are also enlarged.
     Question: Which fluid connective tissue is involved?
     Answer: Lymph


  8. Case: A person suffers from low haemoglobin and feels tired easily.
     Question: Which specific type of blood cell is deficient?
     Answer: Red blood cell (RBC)


  9. Case: A plant’s stem bends without breaking during a storm due to flexible tissues near the surface.
     Question: Which tissue provides this flexibility?
     Answer: Collenchyma


  10. Case: A lab technician observes striated, branched muscle cells under the microscope from heart tissue.
     Question: Which type of muscle tissue is this?
     Answer: Cardiac muscle


  11. Case: A person is injured and bleeding, but the blood soon clots at the site.
     Question: Which blood component helps in clotting?
     Answer: Platelets


  12. Case: A young leaf shows cells with dense cytoplasm, prominent nuclei, and no vacuoles.
     Question: Which tissue is likely present?
     Answer: Meristematic tissue


  13. Case: A histologist observes tall cells with nuclei near the base in the lining of the small intestine.
     Question: What kind of tissue is it?
     Answer: Columnar epithelium


  14. Case: A patient has difficulty walking and is diagnosed with ligament damage.
     Question: What is the function of ligaments in the body?
     Answer: Connect bone to bone


  15. Case: While dissecting a stem, a student finds tube-like dead cells aligned end to end.
     Question: Name the specific xylem element described.
     Answer: Vessels (or Tracheae)


  16. Case: A fish absorbs oxygen directly through its gills where cells are flat and thin.
     Question: What type of epithelial tissue would you expect in this region?
     Answer: Squamous epithelium


  17. Case: A person feels pain and immediately withdraws their hand from a hot object.
     Question: Which tissue helps in this response?
     Answer: Nervous tissue


  18. Case: A histology slide shows connective tissue beneath the skin with loosely arranged fibres.
     Question: Name this tissue.
     Answer: Areolar tissue


  19. Case: A tissue is made of sieve tubes, companion cells, and phloem fibres.
     Question: Name this complex permanent tissue.
     Answer: Phloem


  20. Case: During exercise, the muscles in your limbs contract and relax on command.
     Question: Which type of muscle tissue is responsible?
     Answer: Striated (skeletal) muscle

Numericals

Numeric problems are not available for this chapter.

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