Questions & Answers
ICSE - Grade - 8
Subject: Civics
Chapter - 12 - The Union Executive - The State Executive
Types of Questions
MCQ
- Who is the constitutional head of the Union Government?
a) Prime Minister
b) President
c) Vice President
d) Governor
Answer: b) President - What is the minimum age required to become the President of India?
a) 30 years
b) 35 years
c) 40 years
d) 25 years
Answer: b) 35 years - The President of India is elected by:
a) The people directly
b) Electoral College
c) Members of Lok Sabha only
d) Members of Rajya Sabha only
Answer: b) Electoral College - Which of the following is NOT part of the Electoral College for the Presidential election?
a) Elected members of Lok Sabha
b) Elected members of Rajya Sabha
c) Members of Municipal Corporations
d) Elected members of State Legislative Assemblies
Answer: c) Members of Municipal Corporations - The term of office of the President is:
a) 3 years
b) 4 years
c) 5 years
d) 6 years
Answer: c) 5 years - The President can resign by writing to the:
a) Prime Minister
b) Speaker of Lok Sabha
c) Vice President
d) Chief Justice of India
Answer: c) Vice President - Which power allows the President to grant pardon or reprieve?
a) Executive Powers
b) Judicial Powers
c) Financial Powers
d) Military Powers
Answer: b) Judicial Powers - Money Bills can be introduced in the Lok Sabha only with the prior approval of the:
a) Prime Minister
b) President
c) Finance Minister
d) Speaker of Lok Sabha
Answer: b) President - Who is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces of India?
a) Prime Minister
b) Chief of Army Staff
c) Defence Minister
d) President
Answer: d) President - The President appoints the:
a) Chief Minister of States
b) Governors of States
c) Members of Parliament
d) Mayors of Cities
Answer: b) Governors of States - The Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman of the:
a) Lok Sabha
b) Rajya Sabha
c) Cabinet
d) Council of Ministers
Answer: b) Rajya Sabha - In case of a vacancy in the office of the President, who acts as the President?
a) Prime Minister
b) Chief Justice of India
c) Vice President
d) Speaker of Lok Sabha
Answer: c) Vice President - The Prime Minister is appointed by the:
a) Parliament
b) President
c) Vice President
d) Council of Ministers
Answer: b) President - Which of the following is NOT a function of the Prime Minister?
a) Advising the President on appointment of ministers
b) Presiding over meetings of the Cabinet
c) Acting as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
d) Allocating portfolios among ministers
Answer: c) Acting as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha - The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the:
a) Rajya Sabha
b) President
c) Lok Sabha
d) Prime Minister
Answer: c) Lok Sabha - If a non-member is appointed as a minister, he/she must get elected within:
a) 3 months
b) 6 months
c) 9 months
d) 12 months
Answer: b) 6 months - Which of the following is NOT part of the Council of Ministers?
a) Cabinet Ministers
b) Ministers of State
c) Deputy Ministers
d) President
Answer: d) President - Civil servants are selected through:
a) State Public Service Commissions
b) Union Public Service Commission
c) Parliament
d) Council of Ministers
Answer: b) Union Public Service Commission - The Indian Police Service (IPS) is responsible for:
a) Foreign affairs
b) Administration of law and order
c) Tax collection
d) Defence services
Answer: b) Administration of law and order - The Indian Foreign Service (IFS) primarily deals with:
a) Education
b) Foreign relations
c) Public health
d) Agriculture
Answer: b) Foreign relations - The President’s term ends before completion if he:
a) Dies
b) Resigns by writing to the Vice President
c) Is impeached
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above - National Emergency can be proclaimed under Article:
a) 352
b) 356
c) 360
d) 370
Answer: a) 352 - The President appoints all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Prime Minister
b) Governors of States
c) Chief Justice of India
d) Ambassadors
Answer: c) Chief Justice of India - The Annual Budget of the Union Government is presented in the name of the:
a) Prime Minister
b) Finance Minister
c) President
d) Speaker of Lok Sabha
Answer: c) President - Financial Emergency can be declared under Article:
a) 352
b) 356
c) 360
d) 370
Answer: c) 360 - Who acts as a link between the President and the Council of Ministers?
a) Vice President
b) Prime Minister
c) Speaker of Lok Sabha
d) Home Minister
Answer: b) Prime Minister - The Vice President resigns by writing to the:
a) President
b) Prime Minister
c) Speaker of Rajya Sabha
d) Chief Justice of India
Answer: a) President - Who presides over meetings of the Cabinet?
a) President
b) Prime Minister
c) Vice President
d) Home Minister
Answer: b) Prime Minister - Which power allows the President to sign treaties with foreign countries?
a) Executive Powers
b) Diplomatic Powers
c) Military Powers
d) Judicial Powers
Answer: b) Diplomatic Powers - Which of the following is NOT allowed for the President?
a) Be re-elected
b) Hold an office of profit under the government
c) Receive salary and allowances
d) Resign during the term
Answer: b) Hold an office of profit under the government - The Council of Ministers is headed by the:
a) President
b) Prime Minister
c) Vice President
d) Home Minister
Answer: b) Prime Minister - Civil Services provide:
a) Stability in administration
b) Political decisions
c) Defence services
d) Legislative powers
Answer: a) Stability in administration - The President’s military powers require approval from the:
a) Prime Minister
b) Parliament
c) Defence Minister
d) Supreme Court
Answer: b) Parliament - Who appoints the Finance Commission every five years?
a) Prime Minister
b) President
c) Finance Minister
d) Parliament
Answer: b) President - The President’s executive powers include appointment of:
a) Ambassadors
b) Judges of High Courts
c) Attorney General of India
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above - The Prime Minister represents India at:
a) National level only
b) International level only
c) Both national and international levels
d) Local government
Answer: c) Both national and international levels - The Vice President must be qualified to be a member of:
a) Lok Sabha
b) Rajya Sabha
c) State Legislative Assembly
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Rajya Sabha - The Council of Ministers formulates:
a) Government policies
b) Laws
c) Judicial verdicts
d) Parliamentary rules
Answer: a) Government policies - The President’s judicial powers are mentioned under which Article?
a) 72
b) 352
c) 356
d) 360
Answer: a) 72 - The Vice President’s term of office is:
a) 3 years
b) 4 years
c) 5 years
d) 6 years
Answer: c) 5 years - The Prime Minister advises the President on the appointment of:
a) Governors
b) Ministers
c) Judges
d) Ambassadors
Answer: b) Ministers - The Civil Services include:
a) Indian Administrative Service
b) Indian Police Service
c) Indian Foreign Service
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above - The President’s emergency powers become extensive during:
a) Regular sessions of Parliament
b) Election time
c) Emergency situations
d) Festival days
Answer: c) Emergency situations - A non-member of Parliament must get elected within how many months to continue as a minister?
a) 3 months
b) 6 months
c) 9 months
d) 12 months
Answer: b) 6 months - The President’s salary and allowances are decided by the:
a) Prime Minister
b) Parliament
c) Finance Minister
d) Supreme Court
Answer: b) Parliament - The President appoints which of the following diplomatic posts?
a) Ambassadors
b) Finance Commission members
c) Members of Parliament
d) Judges of Supreme Court
Answer: a) Ambassadors - The Vice President is elected by:
a) People of India
b) Members of both Houses of Parliament
c) Members of Lok Sabha only
d) State Legislatures
Answer: b) Members of both Houses of Parliament - The Prime Minister presides over meetings of the:
a) Lok Sabha
b) Cabinet
c) Rajya Sabha
d) Council of Ministers
Answer: b) Cabinet - The President’s office is the highest:
a) Executive authority
b) Legislative body
c) Judicial authority
d) Decision-making body
Answer: d) Decision-making body - The President’s financial powers include approval of:
a) Civil Services appointments
b) Money Bills
c) Treaties
d) Judicial appointments
Answer: b) Money Bills
Fill in the Blanks
- The constitutional head of the Union Government is the __________.
Answer: President - The minimum age required to become the President of India is __________ years.
Answer: 35 - The President of India is elected by the __________.
Answer: Electoral College - The Electoral College consists of elected members of Parliament and elected members of the __________.
Answer: Legislative Assemblies of States - The term of office of the President is __________ years.
Answer: Five - The President can resign by writing to the __________.
Answer: Vice President - The power to grant pardon or reprieve is a __________ power of the President.
Answer: Judicial - Money Bills can be introduced in the Lok Sabha only with the prior approval of the __________.
Answer: President - The President is the Supreme Commander of the __________.
Answer: Defence Forces - The President appoints the Governors of the __________.
Answer: States - The Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman of the __________.
Answer: Rajya Sabha - In case of a vacancy in the office of the President, the __________ acts as the President.
Answer: Vice President - The Prime Minister is appointed by the __________.
Answer: President - The Prime Minister presides over meetings of the __________.
Answer: Cabinet - The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the __________.
Answer: Lok Sabha - A non-member of Parliament must be elected to either house within __________ months to continue as a minister.
Answer: Six - The Union Public Service Commission selects __________.
Answer: Civil Servants - The Indian Police Service is responsible for the administration of __________ and order.
Answer: Law - The Indian Foreign Service deals with India’s relations with __________ countries.
Answer: Foreign - The President’s term can end before completion if he __________.
Answer: Resigns - National Emergency can be proclaimed under Article __________ of the Constitution.
Answer: 352 - The President appoints the Attorney General of India and __________.
Answer: Ambassadors - The Annual Budget of the Union Government is presented in the name of the __________.
Answer: President - Financial Emergency can be declared under Article __________.
Answer: 360 - The Prime Minister acts as a link between the President and the __________ of Ministers.
Answer: Council - The Vice President can resign by writing to the __________.
Answer: President - The President’s diplomatic powers include the appointment of __________ and High Commissioners.
Answer: Ambassadors - The Vice President must be qualified to be a member of the __________.
Answer: Rajya Sabha - The President’s military powers require the approval of __________.
Answer: Parliament - The President appoints judges of the Supreme Court and __________ Courts.
Answer: High - The Prime Minister advises the President on the appointment of __________.
Answer: Ministers - The Council of Ministers plays a key role in formulating __________ and administering the government.
Answer: Policies - The President’s executive powers include appointment of the __________ Minister.
Answer: Prime - The Vice President is elected by members of both Houses of __________.
Answer: Parliament - The President’s judicial powers are mentioned under Article __________.
Answer: 72 - The Civil Services provide continuity and __________ in administration.
Answer: Stability - The Prime Minister allocates __________ among ministers.
Answer: Portfolios - The President’s salary and allowances are determined by the __________.
Answer: Parliament - The President’s emergency powers become extensive during a(n) __________.
Answer: Emergency - The Council of Ministers consists of Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and __________ Ministers.
Answer: Deputy - The Vice President’s term of office is __________ years.
Answer: Five - The President is not allowed to hold any office of __________ under the government.
Answer: Profit - The President can proclaim __________ Emergency under Article 356.
Answer: State - The Prime Minister represents the nation at both national and __________ levels.
Answer: International - The President appoints the Finance __________ every five years.
Answer: Commission - The President’s financial powers include the approval of __________ Bills.
Answer: Money - The Vice President acts as the President until a new President is __________.
Answer: Elected - The Prime Minister advises the President on the appointment of __________ of the Council of Ministers.
Answer: Members - The Civil Services include the IAS, IPS, and __________.
Answer: IFS - The Union Executive is the highest __________-making body in the country.
Answer: Decision
Name the Following
- Name the constitutional head of the Union Government.
Answer: President - Name the house over which the Vice President presides as ex-officio Chairman.
Answer: Rajya Sabha - Name the body that elects the President of India.
Answer: Electoral College - Name the minimum age required to become the President of India.
Answer: 35 years - Name the term length of the President’s office.
Answer: Five years - Name the official to whom the President submits resignation.
Answer: Vice President - Name the power under which the President can grant pardon or reprieve.
Answer: Judicial Power - Name the type of bills that require the President’s prior approval before introduction in Lok Sabha.
Answer: Money Bills - Name the supreme commander of the Defence Forces.
Answer: President - Name the officials appointed by the President to govern the states.
Answer: Governors - Name the person who acts as the President during a vacancy in that office.
Answer: Vice President - Name the head of the government in India.
Answer: Prime Minister - Name the council responsible for formulating policies and administering the government.
Answer: Council of Ministers - Name the body to which the Council of Ministers is collectively responsible.
Answer: Lok Sabha - Name the body that selects civil servants in India.
Answer: Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) - Name the civil service responsible for foreign relations.
Answer: Indian Foreign Service (IFS) - Name the civil service responsible for administration of law and order.
Answer: Indian Police Service (IPS) - Name the article under which the President can proclaim National Emergency.
Answer: Article 352 - Name the article under which the President can proclaim State Emergency (President’s Rule).
Answer: Article 356 - Name the article under which Financial Emergency can be declared.
Answer: Article 360 - Name the highest decision-making body in the country.
Answer: Union Executive - Name the person who presides over meetings of the Cabinet.
Answer: Prime Minister - Name the constitutional article that grants the President judicial powers.
Answer: Article 72 - Name the constitutional article that lays down the procedure for the election of the President.
Answer: Article 54 - Name the person who advises the President on the appointment of ministers.
Answer: Prime Minister - Name the constitutional head of the Union Executive.
Answer: President - Name the office that cannot be held by the President to avoid conflict of interest.
Answer: Office of Profit under the Government - Name the official who appoints the Finance Commission every five years.
Answer: President - Name the council consisting of Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers.
Answer: Council of Ministers - Name the person responsible for allocating portfolios among ministers.
Answer: Prime Minister - Name the body responsible for approving the President’s salary and allowances.
Answer: Parliament - Name the position that the Vice President holds in the Rajya Sabha.
Answer: Chairman - Name the person who acts as a link between the President and the Council of Ministers.
Answer: Prime Minister - Name the official responsible for representing India in international affairs.
Answer: President - Name the person who can resign from the office of Vice President.
Answer: Vice President - Name the type of vote used to elect the President.
Answer: Proportional Representation by Single Transferable Vote - Name the person who appoints judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
Answer: President - Name the person who presides over the Rajya Sabha sessions.
Answer: Vice President - Name the minimum age required to become the Vice President.
Answer: 35 years - Name the body where the Annual Budget is presented in the President’s name.
Answer: Parliament - Name the person who is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces.
Answer: President - Name the office held by the person who can act as President in case of a vacancy.
Answer: Vice President - Name the body that includes Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers.
Answer: Council of Ministers - Name the person who can allocate portfolios among ministers.
Answer: Prime Minister - Name the civil service that provides continuity and stability in administration.
Answer: Civil Services - Name the highest decision-making authority in the country.
Answer: Union Executive - Name the article related to the President’s power to grant pardon.
Answer: Article 72 - Name the body that elects the Vice President.
Answer: Members of both Houses of Parliament - Name the constitutional position that the Prime Minister holds.
Answer: Head of the Government - Name the body responsible for the smooth functioning of administration by implementing government policies.
Answer: Civil Services
Answer in One Word
- Who is the constitutional head of the Union Government?
Answer: President - Who is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha?
Answer: Vice President - What is the minimum age required to become the President?
Answer: 35 - Who elects the President of India?
Answer: Electoral College - What is the term of office of the President in years?
Answer: Five - To whom does the President resign?
Answer: Vice President - What type of power allows the President to grant pardon?
Answer: Judicial - Which type of bills require the President’s approval before introduction?
Answer: Money - Who is the Supreme Commander of Defence Forces?
Answer: President - Who appoints Governors of States?
Answer: President - Who acts as President during a vacancy?
Answer: Vice President - Who is the head of the government?
Answer: Prime Minister - Which body formulates government policies?
Answer: Council of Ministers - To which house is the Council of Ministers responsible?
Answer: Lok Sabha - Which body selects civil servants?
Answer: UPSC - Which service is responsible for foreign affairs?
Answer: IFS - Which service manages law and order?
Answer: IPS - Under which Article is National Emergency proclaimed?
Answer: 352 - Under which Article is President’s Rule imposed?
Answer: 356 - Under which Article is Financial Emergency declared?
Answer: 360 - What is the highest decision-making body?
Answer: Union Executive - Who presides over Cabinet meetings?
Answer: Prime Minister - Under which Article are President’s judicial powers stated?
Answer: 72 - Who advises the President on ministers’ appointment?
Answer: Prime Minister - What must a minister who is not a member of Parliament do within six months?
Answer: Get elected - Who approves the President’s salary?
Answer: Parliament - Who appoints the Finance Commission?
Answer: President - Who represents India internationally?
Answer: President - Which vote system is used to elect the President?
Answer: Proportional - Who appoints judges of Supreme Court?
Answer: President - Who is the Prime Minister’s constitutional appointing authority?
Answer: President - Who elects the Vice President?
Answer: Parliament - How long is the Vice President’s term?
Answer: Five - What type of power is the President’s military power?
Answer: Executive - Who allocates portfolios among ministers?
Answer: Prime Minister - Who is the link between the President and Council of Ministers?
Answer: Prime Minister - What type of power is the President’s diplomatic power?
Answer: Executive - Who presides over Rajya Sabha?
Answer: Vice President - Who can resign by writing to the President?
Answer: Vice President - What is the minimum age for the Vice President?
Answer: 35 - Who is the head of the Council of Ministers?
Answer: Prime Minister - What is the official abbreviation of the Indian Administrative Service?
Answer: IAS - Which civil service deals with foreign affairs?
Answer: IFS - Which civil service maintains law and order?
Answer: IPS - What is the main role of the Civil Services?
Answer: Administration - Who acts as President in case of vacancy?
Answer: Vice President - What is the full form of UPSC?
Answer: Union Public Service Commission - Which Article grants the President pardon powers?
Answer: 72 - What kind of majority is used in the President’s election?
Answer: Proportional - Who heads the Cabinet?
Answer: Prime Minister
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All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Measurement and Experimentation
- Chapter 2 Motion in one dimension
- Chapter 3 Laws of Motion
- Chapter 4 Pressure in fluids and Atmospheric pressure
- Chapter 5 Upthrust in Fluids, Archimedes’ Principle and Floatation
- Chapter 6 Heat and energy
- Chapter 7 Reflection of light
- Chapter 8 Propagation of Sound waves
- Chapter 9 Current Electricity
- Chapter 10 Magnetism
ICSE - Grade 9 - Chemistry
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 The Language of Chemistry
- Chapter 2 Chemical Changes and Reactions
- Chapter 3 Water
- Chapter 4 Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
- Chapter 5 The periodic table
- Chapter 6 Study of the first Element Hydrogen
- Chapter 7 Study of Gas laws
- Chapter 8 Atmospheric Pollution
ICSE - Grade 9 - Mathematics
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Rational and Irrational Numbers
- Chapter 2 Compound Interest [Without Using Formula]
- Chapter 3 Compound Interest [Using Formula]
- Chapter 4 Expansions
- Chapter 5 Factorisation
- Chapter 6 Simultaneous Equations
- Chapter 7 Indices
- Chapter 8 Logarithms
- Chapter 9 Triangles
- Chapter 10 Isosceles Triangles
- Chapter 11 Inequalities
- Chapter 12 Midpoint and Its Converse
- Chapter 13 Pythagoras Theorem
- Chapter 14 Rectilinear Figures
- Chapter 15 Construction of Polygons
- Chapter 16 Area Theorems
- Chapter 17 Circle
- Chapter 18 Statistics
- Chapter 19 Mean and Median
- Chapter 20 Area and Perimeter of Plane Figures
- Chapter 21 Solids
- Chapter 22 Trigonometrical Ratios
- Chapter 23 Trigonometrical Ratios of Standard Angles
- Chapter 24 Solutions of Right Triangles
- Chapter 25 Complementary Angles
- Chapter 26 Coordinate Geometry
- Chapter 27 Graphical Solution
- Chapter 28 Distance Formula
ICSE - Grade 9 - Biology
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Introducing Biology
- Chapter 2 Cell: The Unit Of Life
- Chapter 3 Tissues: Plant And Animal Tissue
- Chapter 4 The Flower
- Chapter 5 Pollination and Fertilization
- Chapter 6 Seeds: Structure and Germination
- Chapter 7 Respiration in Plants
- Chapter 8 Five Kingdom Classification
- Chapter 9 Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
- Chapter 10 Nutrition
- Chapter 11 Digestive system
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- Chapter 13 Skin: The Jack of all trades
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All Chapters
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- Chapter 2 – The Vedic Period
- Chapter 3 – Jainism and Buddhism
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The Sangam Age - Chapter 6 – The Age of the Guptas
- Chapter 7 – Medieval India — (A) The Cholas
- Chapter 8 – Medieval India — (B) The Delhi Sultanate
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- Chapter 10 – Medieval India — (D) Composite Culture
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- Chapter 12 – The Modern Age in Europe — (B) Reformation
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- Chapter 3: Salient Features of the
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All Chapters
- Ch 1 – Earth as a Planet
Ch 2 – Geographic Grid: Latitudes and Longitudes
Ch 3 – Rotation and Revolution
Ch 4 – Earth’s Structure
Ch 5 – Landforms of the Earth
Ch 6 – Rocks
Ch 7 – Volcanoes
Ch 8 – Earthquakes
Ch 9 – Weathering
Ch 10 – Denudation
Ch 11 – Hydrosphere
Ch 12 – Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere
Ch 13 – Insolation
Ch 14 – Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
Ch 15 – Humidity
Ch 16 – Pollution
Ch 17 – Sources of Pollution
Ch 18 – Effects of Pollution
Ch 19 – Preventive Measures
Ch 20 – Natural Regions of the World
Find the Odd Man Out
- Find the odd man out: President, Prime Minister, Governor, Speaker
Answer: Speaker
Explanation: Speaker is the head of Lok Sabha, not part of the Union Executive. - Find the odd man out: Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, Electoral College, Supreme Court
Answer: Supreme Court
Explanation: Supreme Court is a judicial body, others are legislative or electoral bodies. - Find the odd man out: Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, Indian Forest Service, Indian Foreign Service
Answer: Indian Forest Service
Explanation: It is not mentioned as part of the main civil services in the chapter. - Find the odd man out: Cabinet Minister, Deputy Minister, Finance Minister, Prime Minister
Answer: Prime Minister
Explanation: Prime Minister heads the government, others are members of the Council of Ministers. - Find the odd man out: Article 352, Article 356, Article 370, Article 360
Answer: Article 370
Explanation: Article 370 deals with special status of Jammu & Kashmir, others relate to emergencies. - Find the odd man out: Vice President, Prime Minister, President, Speaker
Answer: Speaker
Explanation: Speaker is a legislative office, others are part of the Union Executive. - Find the odd man out: Ambassadors, Governors, Judges, Members of Lok Sabha
Answer: Members of Lok Sabha
Explanation: Others are appointed by the President, Lok Sabha members are elected. - Find the odd man out: Judicial Powers, Executive Powers, Financial Powers, Legislative Powers
Answer: Legislative Powers
Explanation: Legislative powers belong to Parliament, not the President. - Find the odd man out: Money Bills, Finance Bills, Appropriation Bills, Constitution Amendment Bills
Answer: Constitution Amendment Bills
Explanation: The President’s approval is mandatory only for Money Bills. - Find the odd man out: Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, Indian Judicial Service, Indian Foreign Service
Answer: Indian Judicial Service
Explanation: It is not mentioned as a civil service under the Union Executive in the chapter. - Find the odd man out: Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, Cabinet, Supreme Court
Answer: Supreme Court
Explanation: Supreme Court is judicial, others are legislative or executive bodies. - Find the odd man out: Vice President, President, Prime Minister, Chief Justice
Answer: Chief Justice
Explanation: Chief Justice is head of judiciary, others are part of the Union Executive. - Find the odd man out: Article 72, Article 352, Article 360, Article 370
Answer: Article 72
Explanation: Article 72 deals with President’s pardon powers; others deal with emergencies or state status. - Find the odd man out: Council of Ministers, Cabinet, Ministers of State, Deputy Ministers
Answer: Cabinet
Explanation: Cabinet is a smaller body within the Council of Ministers. - Find the odd man out: President, Prime Minister, Governor, Chief Minister
Answer: Chief Minister
Explanation: Chief Minister is the head of a State government, others are Union level. - Find the odd man out: Election Commission, Union Public Service Commission, Finance Commission, Supreme Court
Answer: Supreme Court
Explanation: Supreme Court is judicial, others are constitutional bodies. - Find the odd man out: Vice President, Speaker, Prime Minister, President
Answer: Speaker
Explanation: Speaker is head of Lok Sabha, others are Union Executive members. - Find the odd man out: Article 54, Article 72, Article 352, Article 356
Answer: Article 54
Explanation: Article 54 deals with Presidential election; others deal with powers or emergencies. - Find the odd man out: Money Bill, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill, Ordinance
Answer: Ordinance
Explanation: Ordinance is issued by the President, others are types of bills. - Find the odd man out: Indian Police Service, Indian Foreign Service, Indian Administrative Service, Indian Revenue Service
Answer: Indian Revenue Service
Explanation: It is a civil service but not specifically highlighted in the chapter as one of the key services. - Find the odd man out: President, Vice President, Prime Minister, Chief Justice of India
Answer: Chief Justice of India
Explanation: Chief Justice heads judiciary, others are Union Executive. - Find the odd man out: Cabinet Minister, Minister of State, Deputy Minister, Governor
Answer: Governor
Explanation: Governor is a constitutional head of a State, others are ministers. - Find the odd man out: Article 352, Article 360, Article 370, Article 356
Answer: Article 370
Explanation: Article 370 relates to special status of Jammu & Kashmir, others relate to emergencies. - Find the odd man out: Parliament, Cabinet, Judiciary, Council of Ministers
Answer: Judiciary
Explanation: Judiciary is a separate branch, others are legislative or executive. - Find the odd man out: Prime Minister, Chief Minister, Deputy Minister, Minister of State
Answer: Chief Minister
Explanation: Chief Minister heads state government, others are Union level ministers. - Find the odd man out: UPSC, Finance Commission, Election Commission, Supreme Court
Answer: Supreme Court
Explanation: Supreme Court is judicial, others are constitutional bodies. - Find the odd man out: President, Prime Minister, Vice President, Speaker of Rajya Sabha
Answer: Speaker of Rajya Sabha
Explanation: Speaker is a legislative post, others are executive. - Find the odd man out: Proportional Representation, Secret Ballot, Direct Election, Single Transferable Vote
Answer: Direct Election
Explanation: President is elected indirectly, not directly. - Find the odd man out: Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, Indian Foreign Service, Indian Revenue Service
Answer: Indian Revenue Service
Explanation: It is not specifically mentioned as a key civil service in the chapter. - Find the odd man out: Article 72, Article 54, Article 356, Article 370
Answer: Article 370
Explanation: Article 370 deals with special status, others deal with presidential powers or emergencies. - Find the odd man out: Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha, President, Supreme Court
Answer: Supreme Court
Explanation: Supreme Court is judicial, others are legislative or executive. - Find the odd man out: Prime Minister, Cabinet, President, Governor
Answer: Governor
Explanation: Governor is a state head, others are Union level. - Find the odd man out: Judicial Powers, Executive Powers, Military Powers, Legislative Powers
Answer: Legislative Powers
Explanation: Legislative powers belong to Parliament. - Find the odd man out: Finance Commission, Union Public Service Commission, Election Commission, Council of Ministers
Answer: Council of Ministers
Explanation: Council of Ministers is part of the executive; others are commissions. - Find the odd man out: Article 356, Article 360, Article 352, Article 44
Answer: Article 44
Explanation: Article 44 relates to uniform civil code, others relate to emergencies. - Find the odd man out: Cabinet Minister, Deputy Minister, Prime Minister, Speaker
Answer: Speaker
Explanation: Speaker is legislative; others are executive roles. - Find the odd man out: Vice President, President, Prime Minister, Chief Minister
Answer: Chief Minister
Explanation: Chief Minister is state-level executive. - Find the odd man out: Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, Indian Foreign Service, Indian Judicial Service
Answer: Indian Judicial Service
Explanation: It is not a central civil service mentioned in the chapter. - Find the odd man out: Money Bill, Finance Bill, Constitution Amendment Bill, Appropriation Bill
Answer: Constitution Amendment Bill
Explanation: Constitution Amendment Bills have a different procedure and do not require President’s prior approval. - Find the odd man out: Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha, Cabinet, Finance Commission
Answer: Finance Commission
Explanation: Finance Commission is a constitutional body, others are part of legislature or executive. - Find the odd man out: President, Prime Minister, Vice President, Speaker of Lok Sabha
Answer: Speaker of Lok Sabha
Explanation: Speaker is legislative head. - Find the odd man out: Article 72, Article 352, Article 360, Article 300
Answer: Article 300
Explanation: Article 300 relates to government contracts, others relate to emergency and pardon powers. - Find the odd man out: Prime Minister, Cabinet Minister, Minister of State, Governor
Answer: Governor
Explanation: Governor is state-level head, others are ministers. - Find the odd man out: Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, Indian Foreign Service, Indian Revenue Service
Answer: Indian Revenue Service
Explanation: Not specifically highlighted in chapter’s main civil services. - Find the odd man out: Article 54, Article 72, Article 356, Article 44
Answer: Article 44
Explanation: Article 44 deals with uniform civil code; others relate to election, powers, emergencies. - Find the odd man out: Council of Ministers, Cabinet, Ministers of State, Parliament
Answer: Parliament
Explanation: Parliament is a legislative body; others are executive. - Find the odd man out: Prime Minister, Vice President, President, Chief Justice of India
Answer: Chief Justice of India
Explanation: Chief Justice is head of judiciary. - Find the odd man out: Finance Commission, Election Commission, Union Public Service Commission, Supreme Court
Answer: Supreme Court
Explanation: Judicial body; others are constitutional commissions. - Find the odd man out: President, Vice President, Prime Minister, Chief Minister
Answer: Chief Minister
Explanation: Chief Minister is state-level executive. - Find the odd man out: Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, Indian Foreign Service, Indian Railway Service
Answer: Indian Railway Service
Explanation: Not one of the main civil services mentioned in the chapter.
Match the Pair
Set 1
Match the following:
- President
- Vice President
- Prime Minister
- Council of Ministers
- Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
- Elects civil servants
B. Constitutional head of the Union
C. Acts as Chairman of Rajya Sabha
D. Head of the government
E. Formulates policies and administers government
Answers:
1 – B
2 – C
3 – D
4 – E
5 – A
Set 2
Match the following:
- Article 352
- Article 356
- Article 360
- Election of President
- President’s term
- Financial Emergency
B. Five years
C. State Emergency (President’s Rule)
D. National Emergency
E. Electoral College
Answers:
1 – D
2 – C
3 – A
4 – E
5 – B
Set 3
Match the following:
- Powers of the President
- Judicial Power
- Executive Power
- Military Power
- Diplomatic Power
- Supreme Commander of Defence Forces
B. Granting pardon
C. Appointing Prime Minister and Governors
D. Representing India internationally
E. All executive actions carried out in President’s name
Answers:
1 – E
2 – B
3 – C
4 – A
5 – D
Set 4
Match the following:
- Components of Council of Ministers
- Responsibility of Council of Ministers
- Salary and Allowances of President
- Finance Commission
- Money Bills
- Determined by Parliament
B. Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, Deputy Ministers
C. Introduced only with President’s approval
D. Appointed by President every five years
E. Collectively responsible to Lok Sabha
Answers:
1 – B
2 – E
3 – A
4 – D
5 – C
Set 5
Match the following:
- President’s power to pardon
- President’s military powers
- Council of Ministers’ role
- Prime Minister’s functions
- Vice President’s term
- Acts as link between President and Council
B. Five years
C. Declares war with Parliament approval
D. Formulates government policies
E. Grants pardon under Article 72
Answers:
1 – E
2 – C
3 – D
4 – A
5 – B
Set 6
Match the following:
- Appointment of Judges
- Resignation of Vice President
- Term of President
- President’s diplomatic powers
- Executive actions
- Writing to President
B. Five years
C. In President’s name
D. Appoints Ambassadors and High Commissioners
E. Made by President
Answers:
1 – E
2 – A
3 – B
4 – D
5 – C
Set 7
Match the following:
- Election of Vice President
- President’s Emergency Powers
- Civil Services
- Head of Cabinet meetings
- Introduction of Budget
- Vice President elected by Parliament
B. National, State, and Financial Emergency
C. UPSC selects them
D. Prime Minister
E. Presented in name of President
Answers:
1 – A
2 – B
3 – C
4 – D
5 – E
Set 8
Match the following:
- Eligibility for Vice President
- Power to declare war
- Council of Ministers’ accountability
- President’s salary
- Vice President’s function in Rajya Sabha
- Ex-officio Chairman
B. Parliament approval required
C. Must be 35 years old
D. Determined by Parliament
E. Responsible to Lok Sabha
Answers:
1 – C
2 – B
3 – E
4 – D
5 – A
Set 9
Match the following:
- Prime Minister’s appointment
- President’s term limit
- Components of Union Executive
- Powers during Emergency
- Role of Civil Servants
- No term limit, can be re-elected
B. President, Vice President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers
C. Implement laws and government policies
D. President can proclaim Emergency
E. Appointed by President
Answers:
1 – E
2 – A
3 – B
4 – D
5 – C
Short Answer Questions
- Who is the constitutional head of the Union Government?
Answer: The President of India. - What is the term of office of the President?
Answer: Five years. - Who appoints the Prime Minister of India?
Answer: The President. - Who acts as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?
Answer: The Vice President. - How is the President elected?
Answer: By an Electoral College through proportional representation. - What is the minimum age to become the President?
Answer: 35 years. - Can the President be re-elected after completing a term?
Answer: Yes. - What is the name of the body that helps the Prime Minister in decision-making?
Answer: The Council of Ministers. - Who appoints the Governors of States?
Answer: The President. - Who selects the civil servants of India?
Answer: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). - What article gives the President the power to grant pardons?
Answer: Article 72. - Who is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces?
Answer: The President. - Who presides over meetings of the Cabinet?
Answer: The Prime Minister. - What are the three categories of emergencies the President can declare?
Answer: National Emergency, State Emergency, and Financial Emergency. - What is the minimum age to become the Vice President?
Answer: 35 years. - Who elects the Vice President?
Answer: Members of both Houses of Parliament. - Can a non-member be appointed as a minister?
Answer: Yes, but they must get elected within six months. - Who appoints judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts?
Answer: The President. - What is the President’s role in money bills?
Answer: Money bills can be introduced only with the President’s prior approval. - Who appoints the Finance Commission?
Answer: The President every five years. - What is the role of the Council of Ministers?
Answer: They formulate policies and administer the government. - What does the President receive as part of his official benefits?
Answer: Salary, allowances, free residence, staff, travel, and security. - What happens when the office of the President falls vacant?
Answer: The Vice President acts as the President until a new one is elected. - What is the method used for the Presidential election?
Answer: Secret ballot by proportional representation through a single transferable vote. - Who advises the President on the appointment of ministers?
Answer: The Prime Minister. - Can the President resign before the end of the term?
Answer: Yes, by writing to the Vice President. - Which article deals with National Emergency?
Answer: Article 352. - Who is responsible for implementing government policies and laws?
Answer: Civil Services. - How long is the term of the Vice President?
Answer: Five years. - What is the role of the Prime Minister in the Council of Ministers?
Answer: The Prime Minister is the head and presides over the Council. - Which body is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha?
Answer: The Council of Ministers. - Who represents India in international affairs?
Answer: The President. - What is required for a person to be eligible to become the President?
Answer: Must be a citizen of India, at least 35 years old, qualified to be a Lok Sabha member, and not hold an office of profit. - Who appoints the Attorney General of India?
Answer: The President. - Can the Prime Minister be a non-member of Parliament?
Answer: Yes, but must get elected within six months. - What is the President’s role during State Emergency?
Answer: The President can impose President’s Rule under Article 356. - Who fixes the salary and allowances of the President?
Answer: The Parliament. - What is the Vice President’s role during a vacancy in the President’s office?
Answer: Acts as the President until a new President is elected. - What is the minimum qualification for the Vice President?
Answer: Must be qualified to be a member of Rajya Sabha. - Who appoints ambassadors and high commissioners?
Answer: The President. - Which article deals with Financial Emergency?
Answer: Article 360. - What is the salary of the President determined by?
Answer: The Parliament. - What are the categories of ministers in the Council of Ministers?
Answer: Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers. - Who is responsible for the introduction of the Union Budget?
Answer: The President, presented in Parliament. - How can the President be removed from office?
Answer: By impeachment. - What is the President’s role in judicial appointments?
Answer: The President appoints judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts. - Who acts as the constitutional head of the State Governments?
Answer: Governors. - Who is the head of the Union Executive?
Answer: The President. - What kind of vote is used in the Presidential election?
Answer: Single transferable vote. - Who ensures smooth functioning of the administration?
Answer: Civil Services.
Puzzles
- Puzzle: I am elected by an Electoral College, serve for 5 years, and can grant pardons. Who am I?
Answer: The President of India. - Puzzle: Who acts as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and steps in if the President’s office is vacant?
Answer: The Vice President. - Puzzle: This person appoints the Prime Minister and judges of the Supreme Court. Who is it?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Who presides over Cabinet meetings and allocates portfolios among ministers?
Answer: The Prime Minister. - Puzzle: I am the body collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. What am I?
Answer: The Council of Ministers. - Puzzle: Who can proclaim National, State, and Financial Emergencies in India?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Name the body responsible for recruiting civil servants like IAS and IPS officers.
Answer: Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). - Puzzle: I am elected indirectly by members of Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies. What election am I?
Answer: Presidential Election. - Puzzle: Who appoints the Governors of States?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: This position requires a minimum age of 35 years and cannot hold any office of profit. Who is it?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Who represents India in international treaties and appoints ambassadors?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Who has the power to introduce Money Bills in the Lok Sabha?
Answer: The President (with prior approval). - Puzzle: Which official acts as the constitutional head of the government but is mainly ceremonial?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Who holds the real executive powers in India?
Answer: The Prime Minister. - Puzzle: Name the three categories of ministers in the Union Executive.
Answer: Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, Deputy Ministers. - Puzzle: Who is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Which article of the Constitution deals with National Emergency?
Answer: Article 352. - Puzzle: This official must be a member of Parliament or get elected within six months of appointment. Who is it?
Answer: A Minister. - Puzzle: Who can resign by writing a letter to the Vice President?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Who is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?
Answer: The Vice President. - Puzzle: Who acts as the head of the government and is leader of the majority party?
Answer: The Prime Minister. - Puzzle: Which body formulates policies and administers the government?
Answer: The Council of Ministers. - Puzzle: What is the minimum age required to become Vice President?
Answer: 35 years. - Puzzle: Name the body that appoints the Finance Commission every five years.
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Who maintains order and decorum in the Rajya Sabha?
Answer: The Vice President. - Puzzle: Which body is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha?
Answer: The Council of Ministers. - Puzzle: Who can grant respite or remission of punishment?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Which official’s salary and allowances are fixed by Parliament?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Who can declare Financial Emergency under Article 360?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Who acts as the constitutional head of a State?
Answer: The Governor. - Puzzle: Who ensures the smooth functioning of the administration by implementing policies?
Answer: Civil Services. - Puzzle: Which system of voting is used in Presidential elections?
Answer: Single transferable vote. - Puzzle: Who presides over Cabinet meetings?
Answer: The Prime Minister. - Puzzle: Who can dissolve the Lok Sabha?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Which service includes officers like IAS, IPS, and IFS?
Answer: Civil Services. - Puzzle: Which official’s term lasts for five years and can be re-elected?
Answer: Both President and Vice President. - Puzzle: Name the official who advises the President on the appointment of ministers.
Answer: The Prime Minister. - Puzzle: Who holds the office if the President resigns or dies?
Answer: The Vice President acts as President. - Puzzle: What is the term for the highest decision-making body in the Union Government?
Answer: The Union Executive. - Puzzle: Which article allows the President to impose President’s Rule?
Answer: Article 356. - Puzzle: Who introduces the Union Budget in Parliament?
Answer: The President (through Finance Minister). - Puzzle: Who ensures accountability of the Council of Ministers?
Answer: Lok Sabha. - Puzzle: Who appoints judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Which official is responsible for India’s foreign relations?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Name the body that includes Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers.
Answer: Council of Ministers. - Puzzle: Who is responsible for maintaining internal security?
Answer: The Government headed by the Prime Minister. - Puzzle: Who can suspend state governments during crisis?
Answer: The President under Article 356. - Puzzle: Who acts as the legal advisor to the government appointed by the President?
Answer: The Attorney General of India. - Puzzle: Which official has the power to declare war and peace with Parliament’s approval?
Answer: The President. - Puzzle: Who presides over the Rajya Sabha sessions?
Answer: The Vice President.
Difference Between:
- Difference between the President and the Prime Minister
Answer:
- The President is the constitutional head and ceremonial head of the country, while the Prime Minister is the real executive head who runs the government.
- The President is elected by an Electoral College, whereas the Prime Minister is appointed by the President but must have majority support in the Lok Sabha.
- The President acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers, but the Prime Minister leads the Council of Ministers and formulates government policies.
- Difference between the President and the Vice President
Answer:
- The President is the head of the Union Executive, whereas the Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
- The President is elected by the Electoral College, including members of Parliament and State Assemblies, while the Vice President is elected only by members of both Houses of Parliament.
- The Vice President acts as President only in case of vacancy or absence, but the President holds a full term of five years.
- Difference between the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet
Answer:
- The Council of Ministers includes Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers, whereas the Cabinet only includes senior Cabinet Ministers.
- The Cabinet is the main decision-making body, while the Council of Ministers includes all ministers involved in different capacities.
- The Cabinet holds regular meetings presided over by the Prime Minister, while Ministers of State and Deputy Ministers do not usually attend Cabinet meetings.
- Difference between National Emergency and Financial Emergency
Answer:
- National Emergency is declared under Article 352 due to war, external aggression, or internal disturbance, while Financial Emergency is declared under Article 360 due to financial instability.
- During National Emergency, fundamental rights can be suspended; in Financial Emergency, financial powers of states are curtailed.
- National Emergency affects the entire country’s governance and security, Financial Emergency specifically concerns economic and financial management.
- Difference between the President’s Executive Powers and Judicial Powers
Answer:
- Executive Powers include appointing ministers, judges, governors, and ambassadors, and conducting executive business.
- Judicial Powers include granting pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment.
- Executive Powers involve governance and administration, whereas Judicial Powers involve mercy and justice.
- Difference between the Election of the President and the Vice President
Answer:
- The President is elected by the Electoral College comprising elected members of Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies.
- The Vice President is elected by members of both Houses of Parliament only.
- The President’s election uses the single transferable vote with proportional representation, while the Vice President’s election also uses single transferable vote but excludes State Assemblies.
- Difference between the Functions of the President and the Prime Minister
Answer:
- The President’s functions are mostly ceremonial and constitutional, including appointing key officials and granting pardons.
- The Prime Minister’s functions include running the government, policymaking, presiding over Cabinet meetings, and representing the country internationally.
- The President acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers, but the Prime Minister leads the Council.
- Difference between Ministers of State and Deputy Ministers
Answer:
- Ministers of State may have independent charge of ministries or assist Cabinet Ministers, whereas Deputy Ministers assist Cabinet Ministers but do not have independent charge.
- Ministers of State have more responsibilities and attend Cabinet meetings when invited, Deputy Ministers rarely attend.
- Ministers of State are higher in rank than Deputy Ministers.
- Difference between the President and the Governor
Answer:
- The President is the head of the Union Government, while the Governor is the constitutional head of a State.
- The President is elected, but the Governor is appointed by the President.
- The President’s role is national, whereas the Governor’s role is limited to a particular state.
- Difference between the Cabinet and the Prime Minister
Answer:
- The Cabinet is a collective decision-making body consisting of senior ministers.
- The Prime Minister is the head of the Cabinet and government.
- The Cabinet functions as a team, whereas the Prime Minister leads, coordinates, and represents the government.
- Difference between the Civil Services and the Political Executive
Answer:
- Civil Services are permanent government officials who implement policies and provide administrative continuity.
- The Political Executive (President, Prime Minister, Ministers) formulates policies and governs.
- Civil Servants are appointed based on merit, while political executives are elected or appointed politically.
- Difference between a Money Bill and a Finance Bill
Answer:
- A Money Bill deals exclusively with taxation, public expenditure, or government borrowing and requires President’s prior approval.
- A Finance Bill includes other financial provisions and may amend laws related to finance but is broader than a Money Bill.
- Money Bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha, but Finance Bills can be introduced in either House.
- Difference between the President’s Role during Normal Times and Emergency
Answer:
- During normal times, the President acts largely on ministerial advice with limited discretionary powers.
- During Emergency, the President’s powers expand significantly, including suspension of fundamental rights and direct control over states.
- The President’s role shifts from ceremonial to active governance in Emergencies.
- Difference between the Vice President and the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Answer:
- The Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, the Upper House.
- The Deputy Speaker presides over the Lok Sabha in the absence of the Speaker, the Lower House.
- The Vice President is elected by Parliament members; the Deputy Speaker is elected only by Lok Sabha members.
- Difference between the President’s Power to Grant Pardons and the Judiciary’s Role
Answer:
- The President’s power to grant pardons is an executive clemency power used for mercy or correction.
- The Judiciary passes judgments and sentences based on law.
- The President’s power acts as a final check on judicial decisions in exceptional cases.
- Difference between the President’s Diplomatic Powers and Military Powers
Answer:
- Diplomatic Powers include appointing ambassadors and signing treaties with foreign countries.
- Military Powers include being the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces and declaring war or peace with Parliament’s approval.
- Diplomatic powers deal with foreign relations; military powers deal with national defence.
- Difference between the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet Committee
Answer:
- The Council of Ministers includes all ministers, Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers.
- Cabinet Committees are smaller groups of Cabinet Ministers formed for specific functions like security, appointments, etc.
- Cabinet Committees make decisions on specialized areas; the Council handles broader governance.
- Difference between the President’s Role in Budget Presentation and the Finance Minister’s Role
Answer:
- The President formally presents the Union Budget in Parliament as the constitutional head.
- The Finance Minister prepares and presents the detailed financial proposals and policies.
- The President’s role is ceremonial; the Finance Minister’s role is substantive and executive.
- Difference between the Election of the President and the Election of Members of Lok Sabha
Answer:
- The President is elected indirectly by an Electoral College consisting of Parliament and State Assembly members.
- Members of Lok Sabha are elected directly by the people through general elections.
- Presidential election is an indirect process; Lok Sabha election is direct.
- Difference between Resignation and Impeachment of the President
Answer:
- Resignation is a voluntary act by the President by writing to the Vice President.
- Impeachment is a formal process by Parliament to remove the President for violation of the Constitution.
- Resignation is personal choice; impeachment is a constitutional disciplinary process.
Assertion and Reason
- Assertion (A): The President is the constitutional head of the Union Government.
Reason (R): All executive actions of the Government of India are carried out in the name of the President.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. - A: The Vice President is elected directly by the people.
R: The Vice President is elected by members of both Houses of Parliament.
Answer: A is false, R is true. - A: The Prime Minister presides over meetings of the Cabinet.
R: The Prime Minister acts as the head of the government.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The President can declare National Emergency without Parliament’s approval.
R: The President requires Parliament’s approval to declare an Emergency.
Answer: A is false, R is true. - A: The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
R: The Council of Ministers formulates policies and administers the government.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The President can grant pardon in all types of cases.
R: The President’s pardon power is especially for death sentences and Union laws.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: A non-member can be appointed as a minister but must get elected within six months.
R: Ministers must always be members of Parliament.
Answer: A is true, R is false. - A: The Prime Minister is appointed by the Vice President.
R: The Prime Minister is appointed by the President.
Answer: A is false, R is true. - A: The President’s term of office is five years and can be re-elected.
R: The President must resign after one term.
Answer: A is true, R is false. - A: The Annual Budget is presented in the name of the President.
R: The Finance Commission is appointed by the President every five years.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A. - A: The Vice President acts as President in case of a vacancy.
R: The Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A. - A: The President is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces.
R: The President can declare war or peace without Parliament’s approval.
Answer: A is true, R is false. - A: The Vice President can resign by writing to the President.
R: The Vice President’s term is five years.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A. - A: The President appoints Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
R: The Prime Minister advises the President on appointments.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The President appoints Governors of States.
R: Governors are elected by the people.
Answer: A is true, R is false. - A: The President’s diplomatic powers include appointing Ambassadors.
R: All treaties with foreign countries are made in the name of the President.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The Council of Ministers includes Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers.
R: The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Rajya Sabha.
Answer: A is true, R is false. - A: The Vice President must be at least 35 years old.
R: The Vice President must be qualified to be a member of the Rajya Sabha.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The President is elected by direct election.
R: The President is elected by an Electoral College through proportional representation.
Answer: A is false, R is true. - A: The Prime Minister allocates portfolios among ministers.
R: The Prime Minister acts as a link between the President and the Council of Ministers.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The President receives a salary and allowances determined by Parliament.
R: The President is entitled to free residence and security.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A. - A: The President can proclaim State Emergency under Article 356.
R: State Emergency is also called President’s Rule.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The Prime Minister represents the nation at the national and international levels.
R: The Prime Minister presides over meetings of the Cabinet.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A. - A: The President’s financial powers include introduction of Money Bills in Lok Sabha.
R: Money Bills can only be introduced with the President’s prior approval.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The President can resign by writing to the Vice President.
R: The President’s term is fixed and cannot be resigned before expiry.
Answer: A is true, R is false. - A: The Vice President is elected by members of both Houses of Parliament.
R: The Vice President’s term is five years.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A. - A: The President appoints the Attorney General of India.
R: The Attorney General advises the government legally.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The Civil Services are selected through the Union Public Service Commission.
R: Civil Servants provide continuity and stability in administration.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The President has emergency powers during National, State, and Financial Emergencies.
R: The President’s powers become extensive during Emergency.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The Prime Minister is the constitutional head of the Union Government.
R: The President is the constitutional head of the Union Government.
Answer: A is false, R is true. - A: The President appoints Ambassadors and High Commissioners.
R: The President represents India in international affairs.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Rajya Sabha.
R: The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
Answer: A is false, R is true. - A: The Vice President acts as the President in case of vacancy until a new President is elected.
R: The Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A. - A: The Prime Minister is appointed by the President.
R: The President is elected by the Electoral College.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A. - A: The President’s executive powers include appointment of Governors and Judges.
R: The President also appoints the Prime Minister and other ministers.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The Vice President must not hold any office of profit under the government.
R: Holding an office of profit disqualifies a person from being Vice President.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The President’s salary and allowances are fixed by the Constitution.
R: The Parliament determines the President’s salary and allowances.
Answer: A is false, R is true. - A: The President can declare Financial Emergency under Article 360.
R: Financial Emergency gives the Union Government greater control over states.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The Prime Minister advises the President on the appointment of ministers.
R: The Prime Minister allocates portfolios among the ministers.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A. - A: The President’s military powers include declaring war without approval.
R: The President requires Parliament’s approval to declare war.
Answer: A is false, R is true. - A: The Vice President can resign by writing to the President.
R: The President can resign by writing to the Vice President.
Answer: Both A and R are true. - A: The Union Executive is the highest decision-making body in India.
R: The Union Executive consists of the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The President is entitled to free residence, staff, and security.
R: The President’s facilities are provided by the Parliament.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A. - A: The Council of Ministers can include non-members of Parliament indefinitely.
R: Non-members must be elected within six months to continue as ministers.
Answer: A is false, R is true. - A: The Prime Minister represents the nation internationally.
R: The Prime Minister presides over meetings of the Cabinet.
Answer: Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A. - A: The President appoints the Finance Commission every five years.
R: The Finance Commission is responsible for recommending the distribution of financial resources between the Centre and the States.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The President can be re-elected after completing one term.
R: The President’s term is for life.
Answer: A is true, R is false. - A: The Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
R: The Vice President is elected by members of both Houses of Parliament.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A. - A: The Prime Minister is the constitutional head of India.
R: The President is the constitutional head of India.
Answer: A is false, R is true. - A: The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
R: The Council of Ministers formulates policies and administers the government.
Answer: Both A and R are true, and R explains A.
True or False
- The President is the constitutional head of the Union Government.
True - The Vice President is directly elected by the people.
False - The Prime Minister is the head of the government.
True - The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Rajya Sabha.
False - The President’s term of office is five years.
True - The President can resign by writing to the Vice President.
True - The President is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces.
True - The Prime Minister presides over the meetings of the Cabinet.
True - The Vice President acts as the Chairman of the Lok Sabha.
False - The President has the power to grant pardons under Article 72 of the Constitution.
True - The President is elected directly by the people.
False - Money Bills can be introduced in the Lok Sabha only with the President’s prior approval.
True - The Prime Minister allocates portfolios among ministers.
True - The Vice President’s term is six years.
False - The President can declare a National Emergency under Article 352.
True - The Civil Services are selected through the Election Commission.
False - The Finance Commission is appointed by the President every five years.
True - The President appoints Governors of States.
True - The Council of Ministers includes Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers.
True - The President’s salary is fixed by the Constitution and cannot be changed.
False - The Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
True - The Prime Minister represents India at the international level.
True - The President has unlimited powers during an Emergency.
False - The Council of Ministers must always be members of Parliament.
False - The President appoints the Attorney General of India.
True - The President can be re-elected after completing a term.
True - The Vice President can resign by writing to the President.
True - The Prime Minister is appointed by the Vice President.
False - The President is entitled to free residence and security.
True - The Prime Minister is the constitutional head of India.
False - The President can declare Financial Emergency under Article 360.
True - The Vice President is elected by members of both Houses of Parliament.
True - The Prime Minister is the link between the President and the Council of Ministers.
True - The President can grant pardon only in criminal cases.
False - The Council of Ministers formulates government policies and administers the country.
True - The President’s Military Powers include declaring war without approval of Parliament.
False - The President’s Diplomatic Powers include appointing Ambassadors and High Commissioners.
True - The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
True - The Prime Minister can be a non-member of Parliament indefinitely.
False - The President’s election is held by secret ballot through proportional representation.
True - The Vice President’s term is five years.
True - The President appoints Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
True - The Civil Services provide continuity and stability in administration.
True - The President’s Emergency Powers are outlined in Articles 352, 356, and 360.
True - The Prime Minister advises the President on the appointment of ministers.
True - The Council of Ministers includes the Prime Minister only.
False - The President can resign before the expiry of the term by writing to the Vice President.
True - The Vice President acts as President only until a new President is elected.
True - The Finance Commission is responsible for appointing judges.
False - The President’s salary and allowances are determined by Parliament.
True
Long Answer Questions
- Question: Explain the composition of the Union Executive.
Answer: The Union Executive consists of the President, the Vice President, the Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers. The President is the constitutional head of the country, while the Vice President acts as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and steps in if the President’s office becomes vacant. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and leads the Council of Ministers, which is responsible for formulating policies and administering the government. Together, they form the highest decision-making body in India responsible for implementing laws and running the administration. - Question: Describe the eligibility criteria for the office of the President of India.
Answer: To be eligible for the office of the President, a person must be a citizen of India and at least 35 years old. Additionally, the person must be qualified to become a member of the Lok Sabha, which includes criteria such as being registered as a voter in any parliamentary constituency and not holding any office of profit under the government. These conditions ensure that the President has adequate maturity, citizenship status, and political qualifications to hold the highest constitutional office. - Question: How is the President of India elected?
Answer: The President is elected indirectly by an Electoral College consisting of elected members of both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of States and Union Territories. The election is conducted by secret ballot through a system of proportional representation using a single transferable vote. This method ensures a fair and representative election reflecting the federal structure of India. - Question: What are the terms and conditions related to the President’s tenure?
Answer: The President holds office for a term of five years and is eligible for re-election without any limit on the number of terms. The President may resign before completing the term by writing to the Vice President. If the office falls vacant due to resignation, removal, or death, the Vice President acts as the President until a new President is elected. This system ensures continuity in the highest constitutional office. - Question: Enumerate the various allowances and benefits available to the President of India.
Answer: The President receives a monthly salary and various allowances determined by Parliament. Besides the salary, the President is entitled to free residence at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, a personal staff for official duties, security arrangements, travel facilities including air and road transport, and other perks necessary to carry out official functions. These benefits ensure that the President can perform the duties of the office without any hindrance. - Question: Explain the executive powers of the President.
Answer: The President is the constitutional head of the Union Government, and all executive actions of the Government of India are carried out in the President’s name. The President appoints the Prime Minister, other ministers (on the advice of the Prime Minister), Governors of States, judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, the Attorney General of India, ambassadors, and other important officials. These powers enable the President to oversee the proper functioning of the government. - Question: Describe the judicial powers of the President.
Answer: The President has the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment under Article 72 of the Constitution. This power is especially significant in cases involving death sentences or under laws related to the Union Government. It acts as a check on the judicial system and provides relief in cases where justice demands mercy or correction. - Question: What financial powers does the President possess?
Answer: The Annual Budget of the Union Government is presented in Parliament in the name of the President. The President’s prior approval is necessary for the introduction of Money Bills in the Lok Sabha. Additionally, the President appoints the Finance Commission every five years, which recommends the distribution of financial resources between the Union and the States. These powers enable the President to have control over the financial management of the country. - Question: Outline the military powers of the President.
Answer: The President is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces of India, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The President has the authority to declare war or conclude peace, but such decisions require the approval of Parliament. These powers place the President at the apex of the country’s military hierarchy, ensuring civilian supremacy over the armed forces. - Question: Discuss the diplomatic powers of the President.
Answer: The President represents India in its international relations and appoints Ambassadors and High Commissioners to other countries. All treaties and agreements with foreign nations are made in the name of the President. This role emphasizes the President’s position as the face of India in global diplomacy, ensuring that foreign policy actions are constitutionally sanctioned. - Question: What emergency powers does the President hold?
Answer: The President can proclaim Emergency under three circumstances: National Emergency (Article 352), State Emergency or President’s Rule (Article 356), and Financial Emergency (Article 360). During such times, the President’s powers become extensive, allowing the Union Government to assume greater control over states and the country’s financial administration to ensure stability and security. - Question: Describe the eligibility criteria for the Vice President of India.
Answer: To become the Vice President, a person must be a citizen of India, at least 35 years old, and qualified to be a member of the Rajya Sabha. The person should not hold any office of profit under the government. These criteria ensure that the Vice President has adequate experience and legal qualifications for the office. - Question: What is the term of office for the Vice President?
Answer: The Vice President holds office for five years and is eligible for re-election. The Vice President can resign before the term ends by writing to the President. This allows for both continuity and flexibility in the office. - Question: What are the key functions of the Vice President?
Answer: The Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, responsible for conducting its sessions and maintaining order. In case the office of the President becomes vacant, the Vice President acts as the President until a new one is elected. This dual role ensures legislative and executive continuity. - Question: Explain the powers and functions of the Prime Minister.
Answer: The Prime Minister is the head of the government and the chief advisor to the President. The Prime Minister advises the President on appointing ministers, allocates portfolios among ministers, acts as the link between the President and the Council of Ministers, presides over Cabinet meetings, and represents the nation at both national and international forums. These powers make the Prime Minister the central figure in the Union Executive. - Question: What is the composition of the Council of Ministers?
Answer: The Council of Ministers consists of Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers. These ministers collectively assist the Prime Minister in running the government and administering various departments. - Question: What are the eligibility criteria for becoming a minister?
Answer: A minister must be a member of either house of Parliament. If a non-member is appointed as a minister, he or she must get elected to either the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha within six months to continue in office. - Question: Describe the working of the Council of Ministers.
Answer: The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. It formulates policies and administers the government. The Council works under the leadership of the Prime Minister and plays a key role in decision-making and governance. - Question: What is the role of Civil Services in the Union Executive?
Answer: Civil Services help implement government policies and laws. They are selected through the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and provide continuity and stability in administration. Important services include the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), and Indian Foreign Service (IFS). - Question: How does the President exercise executive powers through appointments?
Answer: The President appoints key officials such as the Prime Minister, other ministers (on the Prime Minister’s advice), Governors of States, judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, the Attorney General of India, ambassadors, and other officials. These appointments ensure the smooth functioning of the government machinery. - Question: Explain the significance of the President’s power to grant pardons.
Answer: The power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions under Article 72 allows the President to correct miscarriages of justice, particularly in cases involving the death penalty. This power acts as a constitutional safeguard providing mercy where warranted. - Question: What role does the President play in financial administration?
Answer: The President authorizes the introduction of Money Bills in the Lok Sabha, presents the Annual Budget in Parliament, and appoints the Finance Commission to recommend the distribution of financial resources between the Centre and States. These roles ensure financial control and oversight. - Question: How does the President’s role as Supreme Commander manifest?
Answer: As Supreme Commander, the President has the authority over the Defence Forces and can declare war or peace with Parliament’s approval. The President’s role symbolizes civilian control over the military. - Question: Describe the process of proclaiming a National Emergency.
Answer: A National Emergency under Article 352 can be proclaimed by the President when there is a threat to the security of India due to war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. The proclamation must be approved by Parliament within a stipulated period. - Question: What happens during President’s Rule in a State?
Answer: Under Article 356, if a State Government cannot function according to constitutional provisions, the President can assume direct control over the state, suspending the state legislature and administration, until normalcy is restored. - Question: What is the importance of the Finance Commission appointed by the President?
Answer: The Finance Commission recommends how the financial resources should be distributed between the Union and the States, ensuring fiscal federalism and financial stability. - Question: Explain the importance of the Electoral College in Presidential elections.
Answer: The Electoral College, comprising elected members of Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies, ensures a representative election process that balances the influence of both the Union and the States. - Question: What is the role of the Prime Minister in relation to the President?
Answer: The Prime Minister acts as the chief advisor to the President, recommends appointments, and acts as a liaison between the President and the Council of Ministers. - Question: Describe the Vice President’s role in the Rajya Sabha.
Answer: The Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and is responsible for presiding over its sessions and ensuring orderly conduct of business. - Question: How does the Council of Ministers maintain collective responsibility?
Answer: The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, meaning if the Lok Sabha passes a vote of no confidence, the entire Council, including the Prime Minister, must resign. - Question: What are the different categories of ministers?
Answer: The categories include Cabinet Ministers, who head ministries; Ministers of State, who assist Cabinet Ministers; and Deputy Ministers, who support Ministers of State. - Question: Explain the significance of the Union Public Service Commission.
Answer: The UPSC conducts examinations and recruits civil servants who play a vital role in implementing government policies and ensuring effective administration. - Question: What safeguards exist to ensure the President’s impartiality?
Answer: The President cannot hold any office of profit, is elected by an Electoral College, and the Constitution restricts arbitrary actions by requiring ministerial advice for most decisions. - Question: How is the Prime Minister’s leadership essential to the Council of Ministers?
Answer: The Prime Minister coordinates and presides over meetings, allocates portfolios, and guides policy formulation, providing unity and direction to the government. - Question: What are the President’s diplomatic functions?
Answer: The President appoints ambassadors and high commissioners, and all international treaties and agreements are signed in the President’s name. - Question: Explain the President’s role in appointing judges.
Answer: The President appoints judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, often after consultation with the Chief Justice and senior judges, ensuring the judiciary’s independence. - Question: How does the President’s role as head of the Union Executive differ from that of the Prime Minister?
Answer: The President is the ceremonial constitutional head, while the Prime Minister is the real executive authority who runs the government. - Question: What is the process if a minister who is not a member of Parliament is appointed?
Answer: Such a minister must get elected to either the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha within six months to continue in office. - Question: Describe the President’s responsibility in the introduction of the Union Budget.
Answer: The Budget is presented in Parliament in the President’s name, reflecting the constitutional role in financial governance. - Question: What are the President’s emergency powers?
Answer: The President can proclaim emergencies to protect the nation’s security or financial stability and take over administration in states if required. - Question: How does the Vice President succeed the President?
Answer: In case of vacancy, the Vice President acts as the President until a new President is elected by the Electoral College. - Question: Explain the collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers.
Answer: All ministers are collectively responsible for the policies and decisions to the Lok Sabha, which holds the power to remove them through a vote of no confidence. - Question: What role does the Civil Services play in governance?
Answer: Civil servants execute government policies, maintain administration, and ensure continuity beyond changes in political leadership. - Question: How is the President’s salary and allowance decided?
Answer: The salary and allowances are fixed and can be changed only by Parliament to maintain independence from the executive. - Question: Describe the powers of the President in the field of foreign affairs.
Answer: The President negotiates treaties, appoints ambassadors, and represents India in international forums. - Question: What is the importance of the President’s power to declare Emergency?
Answer: It allows the Union Government to respond swiftly to threats like war, rebellion, or financial instability, preserving national integrity. - Question: Explain the role of the Prime Minister in Cabinet meetings.
Answer: The Prime Minister presides over Cabinet meetings, sets the agenda, and coordinates discussions to ensure effective decision-making. - Question: What is the importance of the President’s judicial pardon power?
Answer: It acts as a final check on judicial decisions, ensuring justice and mercy where appropriate. - Question: How does the Vice President contribute to the functioning of the Rajya Sabha?
Answer: The Vice President maintains order and decorum in the House, facilitates debates, and ensures legislative procedures are followed. - Question: Summarize the functions of the Council of Ministers.
Answer: The Council advises the President, formulates policies, administers government departments, and is responsible to the Lok Sabha for its actions.
Give Reasons
- Give reason why the President of India is called the constitutional head of the Union.
Answer: Because all executive actions are taken in the name of the President and he is the formal head of the Union Government as per the Constitution. - Give reason why the President is elected indirectly by an Electoral College.
Answer: To ensure representation from both Parliament and the States, reflecting India’s federal structure. - Give reason why the President must be at least 35 years old.
Answer: To ensure maturity and adequate experience for holding the highest constitutional office. - Give reason why the Vice President acts as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Answer: To maintain order and preside over the sessions of the Rajya Sabha as per constitutional provisions. - Give reason why the President appoints the Prime Minister.
Answer: Because the Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Lok Sabha, and the President must formally appoint him/her to form the government. - Give reason why the Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
Answer: To ensure accountability of the executive to the elected representatives of the people. - Give reason why the President has the power to grant pardons.
Answer: To provide a constitutional safeguard for correcting judicial errors or showing mercy in exceptional cases. - Give reason why Money Bills can only be introduced with the President’s prior approval.
Answer: To maintain constitutional control over financial legislation and government expenditure. - Give reason why the President is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces.
Answer: To symbolize civilian supremacy over the military and maintain constitutional control over defence. - Give reason why the Prime Minister presides over Cabinet meetings.
Answer: Because the Prime Minister is the head of the government and coordinates the work of all ministers. - Give reason why the President can proclaim Emergency under Article 352.
Answer: To enable the Union Government to take necessary steps to protect national security during crises. - Give reason why a non-member can be appointed as a minister only temporarily.
Answer: To allow flexibility in forming the Cabinet while ensuring democratic legitimacy through election within six months. - Give reason why the Finance Commission is appointed every five years.
Answer: To regularly recommend the distribution of financial resources between the Union and the States. - Give reason why the President’s salary is determined by Parliament.
Answer: To ensure that the President’s remuneration is regulated by the elected representatives, preserving independence. - Give reason why the Vice President is elected by members of both Houses of Parliament.
Answer: To reflect the Vice President’s role as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, representing both Houses. - Give reason why the President appoints Governors of States.
Answer: To maintain the link between the Union and States and ensure the States’ constitutional governance. - Give reason why the Civil Services are selected through UPSC.
Answer: To ensure merit-based, impartial, and transparent recruitment for the administration. - Give reason why the President presents the Annual Budget in Parliament.
Answer: Because the Budget is an official government document and the President is the constitutional head. - Give reason why the Council of Ministers includes Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers.
Answer: To distribute responsibilities efficiently and ensure smooth functioning of different departments. - Give reason why the President can resign by writing to the Vice President.
Answer: Because the Vice President is the next highest constitutional authority and designated successor. - Give reason why the Vice President acts as President during a vacancy.
Answer: To provide continuity in the office of the President until a new election is held. - Give reason why the President’s role in appointing judges is important.
Answer: To maintain judicial independence and constitutional authority over appointments. - Give reason why the Prime Minister advises the President on ministerial appointments.
Answer: Because the Prime Minister leads the government and knows the suitable candidates for ministerial posts. - Give reason why the President has diplomatic powers.
Answer: To enable India to engage formally with other countries through treaties and ambassadorial appointments. - Give reason why the President’s emergency powers are extensive during an Emergency.
Answer: To allow the Union Government to effectively deal with extraordinary situations threatening national stability. - Give reason why the Prime Minister is considered the executive head of the government.
Answer: Because the Prime Minister leads the Cabinet and manages the day-to-day administration. - Give reason why the Council of Ministers is responsible to the Lok Sabha and not the Rajya Sabha.
Answer: Because the Lok Sabha is the directly elected House representing the people, holding the government accountable. - Give reason why the President’s office requires the person to not hold any office of profit.
Answer: To avoid conflicts of interest and ensure impartiality. - Give reason why the President appoints the Attorney General of India.
Answer: To have a legal advisor appointed by the constitutional head of the Union. - Give reason why the President can grant remission of sentences.
Answer: To exercise mercy in cases where the judicial punishment is deemed excessive or unjust. - Give reason why the Vice President’s term is fixed for five years.
Answer: To provide stability and continuity in the office while allowing periodic renewal. - Give reason why the Prime Minister allocates portfolios among ministers.
Answer: To ensure ministers are assigned responsibilities matching their expertise and political balance. - Give reason why the President cannot arbitrarily make decisions without ministerial advice.
Answer: To uphold parliamentary democracy and ensure executive accountability. - Give reason why the President’s election uses the single transferable vote system.
Answer: To ensure proportional representation and fairness in the election process. - Give reason why the President’s approval is needed for the introduction of Money Bills.
Answer: Because Money Bills deal with taxation and public expenditure, requiring constitutional sanction. - Give reason why the Civil Services provide continuity in administration.
Answer: Because civil servants remain in office regardless of changes in the political government. - Give reason why the Council of Ministers is classified into Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers.
Answer: To create a hierarchy that distributes work according to importance and specialization. - Give reason why the Prime Minister represents India internationally.
Answer: Because the Prime Minister leads the government and represents its policies abroad. - Give reason why the President’s salary and allowances are subject to parliamentary approval.
Answer: To prevent executive overreach and maintain checks and balances. - Give reason why the Vice President presides over the Rajya Sabha.
Answer: To maintain impartiality and orderly conduct in the Upper House of Parliament. - Give reason why the President can declare a Financial Emergency.
Answer: To protect the financial stability of India during crises affecting the economy. - Give reason why the Prime Minister acts as a link between the President and the Council of Ministers.
Answer: Because the Prime Minister coordinates communication and decisions between the two. - Give reason why the President appoints ambassadors and high commissioners.
Answer: To officially represent India’s interests abroad through constitutionally authorized representatives. - Give reason why the Vice President can be re-elected.
Answer: To allow experienced leadership to continue if the Parliament so desires. - Give reason why the Council of Ministers plays a key role in policy formulation.
Answer: Because it includes ministers heading different departments responsible for governance. - Give reason why the President’s Emergency Powers include the suspension of state governments.
Answer: To maintain national unity and address breakdowns in state governance. - Give reason why the Prime Minister presides over Cabinet meetings.
Answer: To lead government discussions and ensure coordination among ministers. - Give reason why the President can grant respite or reprieve in punishment.
Answer: To delay or reduce punishment in exceptional circumstances requiring mercy. - Give reason why the President’s election involves elected members only, excluding nominated members.
Answer: To ensure that only representatives directly chosen by the people participate in electing the President. - Give reason why the Civil Services are considered the backbone of Indian administration.
Answer: Because they implement laws and policies, ensuring smooth and efficient governance across the country.
Arrange the Words
Case Studies
Case Study 1:
Mr. Sharma was elected as the President of India. During his tenure, a serious financial crisis occurred in the country. Using his constitutional powers, he declared a financial emergency under the relevant article of the Constitution.
Question: Which article empowers the President to declare a financial emergency, and what are the effects of such a declaration?
Answer: Article 360 empowers the President to declare a financial emergency. The Union Government gains greater control over the states’ finances, and the financial stability of the country is maintained by restricting financial powers of states.
Case Study 2:
After the death of the sitting President, the Vice President took over the duties temporarily until a new President was elected.
Question: What constitutional provision allows the Vice President to act as President in such a situation?
Answer: The Vice President acts as President during a vacancy in the office of the President until a new President is elected, as per Article 65 of the Constitution.
Case Study 3:
During a time of external aggression, the President declared a National Emergency in India. This gave the Union Government extended powers to manage the crisis.
Question: Under which article is National Emergency declared, and why is this power significant?
Answer: National Emergency is declared under Article 352. It is significant because it allows the Union Government to take necessary actions to protect the sovereignty and security of the country.
Case Study 4:
Mr. Rao, the Prime Minister, advised the President to appoint certain ministers to his Cabinet. The President appointed the ministers based on the Prime Minister’s advice.
Question: Explain the role of the Prime Minister and the President in the appointment of ministers.
Answer: The Prime Minister advises the President on ministerial appointments, and the President appoints ministers accordingly. This maintains parliamentary democracy by ensuring the executive is responsible to the elected leader.
Case Study 5:
A newly appointed Minister was not a member of Parliament but had to get elected within six months to continue holding the office.
Question: What does this rule indicate about ministerial eligibility?
Answer: It indicates that a person must be a member of either House of Parliament to be a minister. A non-member can be appointed temporarily but must get elected within six months as per Article 75(5).
Case Study 6:
The Union Public Service Commission conducted exams to select officers for the Indian Administrative Service. These officers play a crucial role in implementing government policies.
Question: Why is the UPSC important for Indian administration?
Answer: UPSC ensures a fair, merit-based recruitment process, selecting qualified candidates for civil services who provide continuity and efficiency in administration.
Case Study 7:
The President refused to approve a Money Bill until certain clarifications were made by the Finance Ministry.
Question: Why is the President’s prior approval needed for Money Bills, and what is the importance of Money Bills?
Answer: The President’s prior approval is required to introduce Money Bills as they concern taxation and government expenditure, ensuring constitutional control over financial legislation.
Case Study 8:
The Council of Ministers collectively resigned after losing majority support in the Lok Sabha.
Question: Why is collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers to the Lok Sabha essential?
Answer: Collective responsibility ensures that the government maintains the confidence of the majority in Lok Sabha and is accountable to the people’s representatives.
Case Study 9:
The President appointed the Finance Commission to recommend the distribution of tax revenues between the Centre and States.
Question: What is the role of the Finance Commission, and why is it appointed every five years?
Answer: The Finance Commission recommends how financial resources should be distributed between Union and States to maintain fiscal federalism. It is appointed every five years to regularly review changing needs.
Case Study 10:
The President granted pardon to a person sentenced to death by the Supreme Court.
Question: What constitutional power allows the President to do this, and why is it important?
Answer: Under Article 72, the President can grant pardons or remit punishments to ensure justice and mercy in exceptional cases.
Case Study 11:
During a national crisis, the President suspended the state government and imposed President’s Rule.
Question: Under which article can the President impose President’s Rule, and what circumstances justify this?
Answer: Article 356 allows the President to impose President’s Rule when a state government cannot function according to the Constitution.
Case Study 12:
The Vice President resigned before completing his term by writing to the President.
Question: What is the procedure for resignation of the Vice President?
Answer: The Vice President can resign at any time by writing to the President, as per Article 67.
Case Study 13:
The Prime Minister represented India at an international summit, discussing trade agreements with other nations.
Question: What role does the Prime Minister play in India’s foreign policy?
Answer: The Prime Minister is the head of the government and represents India in international affairs, guiding foreign policy decisions.
Case Study 14:
During a Cabinet meeting, the Prime Minister allocated portfolios to newly appointed ministers.
Question: Why is the Prime Minister’s role important in the allocation of portfolios?
Answer: The Prime Minister assigns ministries to ministers based on their expertise and political considerations, ensuring effective governance.
Case Study 15:
The President’s salary and allowances were reviewed and approved by the Parliament.
Question: Why does Parliament have the authority over the President’s salary?
Answer: Parliamentary approval maintains democratic control over constitutional offices and prevents arbitrary executive decisions.
Case Study 16:
The President appointed the Attorney General of India to advise on legal matters.
Question: What is the role of the Attorney General?
Answer: The Attorney General is the chief legal advisor to the government and represents it in the Supreme Court.
Case Study 17:
The President’s House, Rashtrapati Bhavan, provides the official residence and facilities to the President.
Question: What facilities and privileges are provided to the President?
Answer: The President is entitled to a free residence, staff, travel facilities, and security to carry out constitutional duties.
Case Study 18:
A dispute arose regarding the appointment of judges in the High Courts.
Question: Who appoints High Court judges, and what is the President’s role?
Answer: The President appoints High Court judges based on recommendations by the Chief Justice and Collegium system, ensuring judicial independence.
Case Study 19:
The President used diplomatic powers to sign a treaty with a foreign country.
Question: Why is the President involved in treaty-making?
Answer: Treaties are formal agreements between countries and require the constitutional head’s sanction for validity.
Case Study 20:
The Civil Services continue functioning smoothly despite changes in the political leadership.
Question: Why do Civil Services provide stability in administration?
Answer: Civil servants are permanent officials who implement government policies irrespective of political changes, ensuring continuity.
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