Questions & Answers
ICSE - Grade - 10
Subject: History
Chapter - 02 - Growth of Nationalism
Types of Questions
MCQ
Fill in the Blanks
- The Indian National Congress was founded in the year _______.
Answer: 1885
- _______ is known as the ‘Father of Indian Renaissance’.
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy
- The Vernacular Press Act was passed in _______.
Answer: 1878
- Raja Rammohan Roy founded the _______ in 1828.
Answer: Brahmo Samaj
- The founder of the East India Association was _______.
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji
- The Indian Association was founded by _______ in 1876.
Answer: Surendranath Banerjee
- The Indian National Conference was established in the year _______.
Answer: 1883
- The first President of the Indian National Congress was _______.
Answer: W.C. Bonnerjee
- The INC was formed in the city of _______.
Answer: Bombay
- The newspaper ‘Sambad Kaumudi’ was started by _______.
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy
- _______ founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj.
Answer: Jyotiba Phule
- Raja Rammohan Roy was a pioneer of Indian _______.
Answer: Journalism
- The Ilbert Bill Controversy took place in the year _______.
Answer: 1883
- The socio-religious reformers fought against _______ and social evils.
Answer: Superstitions
- The press played a key role in spreading _______ consciousness.
Answer: National
- The Brahmo Samaj opposed _______ worship.
Answer: Idol
- The _______ aimed to unite Indians and present their demands to the British.
Answer: Indian National Congress
- A.O. Hume was a retired _______ civil servant.
Answer: British
- The first session of the Indian National Congress was attended by _______ delegates.
Answer: 72
- The newspaper ‘Kesari’ was published by _______.
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- The headquarters of the East India Association was in _______.
Answer: London
- The Indian Association focused on educating and mobilising the _______ class.
Answer: Middle
- The press in India exposed the _______ policies of the British.
Answer: Repressive
- Jyotiba Phule fought for the upliftment of _______ and the lower castes.
Answer: Women
- Raja Rammohan Roy supported _______ remarriage.
Answer: Widow
- The Brahmo Samaj was based on the idea of _______ (belief in one God).
Answer: Monotheism
- The INC gave a common platform to Indians from different _______.
Answer: Regions
- The socio-religious reformers aimed at the eradication of _______ system.
Answer: Caste
- _______ was the language of the newspaper ‘Mirat-ul-Akhbar’.
Answer: Persian
- The press helped Indians become _______ of their rights.
Answer: Aware
- The Satya Shodhak Samaj was based in the state of _______.
Answer: Maharashtra
- The Indian National Congress was formed under the guidance of _______.
Answer: A.O. Hume
- The Indian National Conference merged with INC in the year _______.
Answer: 1891
- Raja Rammohan Roy wanted to reform the _______ religion.
Answer: Hindu
- The early nationalist leaders used _______ methods to make demands.
Answer: Constitutional
- The press was used to communicate British exploitation and spread political _______.
Answer: Awareness
- The _______ Bill aimed to allow Indian judges to try British offenders.
Answer: Ilbert
- The Indian National Congress was created during the Governor-Generalship of _______.
Answer: Lord Dufferin
- ‘The Hindu’ newspaper was published from _______.
Answer: Madras
- The Indian Association was based in the city of _______.
Answer: Calcutta
- The Brahmo Samaj promoted _______ over rituals.
Answer: Reason
- _______ reforms created a foundation for Indian nationalism.
Answer: Socio-religious
- The Satya Shodhak Samaj worked for _______ justice for backward classes.
Answer: Social
- The Arya Samaj and Brahmo Samaj were part of the _______ reform movement.
Answer: Socio-religious
- The INC aimed to train Indians in the art of _______.
Answer: Self-governance
- The socio-religious movements were a response to colonial _______.
Answer: Oppression
- The newspaper ‘Amrita Bazar Patrika’ was based in _______.
Answer: Calcutta
- A.O. Hume viewed INC as a safety _______ to avoid revolution.
Answer: Valve
- Jyotiba Phule believed in equality and _______ for all castes.
Answer: Education
- The rise of _______ led to the unification of Indians across regions and religions.
Answer: Nationalism
Name the Following
- Name the founder of the Brahmo Samaj.
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy
- Name the reformer who started the Satya Shodhak Samaj.
Answer: Jyotiba Phule
- Name the Indian leader who became the first President of the Indian National Congress.
Answer: W.C. Bonnerjee
- Name the Englishman who helped in the formation of the Indian National Congress.
Answer: A.O. Hume
- Name the first newspaper started by Raja Rammohan Roy.
Answer: Sambad Kaumudi
- Name the leader who played a key role in the formation of the Indian Association in 1876.
Answer: Surendranath Banerjee
- Name the publication started by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
Answer: Kesari
- Name the first socio-religious reform movement in India.
Answer: Brahmo Samaj
- Name the Act passed by the British government to curb the Indian press.
Answer: Vernacular Press Act
- Name the leader who fought for the rights of the lower castes and women in Maharashtra.
Answer: Jyotiba Phule
- Name the publication that became a strong voice for the Indian national movement.
Answer: The Hindu
- Name the association that merged with the Indian National Congress in 1891.
Answer: Indian National Conference
- Name the movement that sought to reform the Hindu religion and its social practices.
Answer: Brahmo Samaj
- Name the prominent British official who became the first General Secretary of the Indian National Congress.
Answer: A.O. Hume
- Name the year when the Indian National Congress was founded.
Answer: 1885
- Name the book written by Dadabhai Naoroji that criticized British economic policies.
Answer: Poverty and Un-British Rule in India
- Name the reformer who advocated for the education of girls and the removal of untouchability.
Answer: Jyotiba Phule
- Name the leader who is called the ‘Father of Indian Journalism’.
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy
- Name the movement started to abolish Sati.
Answer: Brahmo Samaj
- Name the reformer who advocated the ‘Right to Education for All’.
Answer: Jyotiba Phule
- Name the Indian association formed in 1876 to demand political and social rights for Indians.
Answer: Indian Association
- Name the Act passed to stop Indians from holding public meetings.
Answer: Rowlatt Act
- Name the organization that raised the demand for Indian representation in the British Parliament.
Answer: Indian National Congress
- Name the socio-religious reformer who was also known for his opposition to child marriage.
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy
- Name the state where the Brahmo Samaj was founded.
Answer: Bengal
- Name the association founded in 1885 to address issues concerning Indians in South Africa.
Answer: Natal Indian Congress
- Name the first female social reformer to actively participate in the Indian National Movement.
Answer: Sarojini Naidu
- Name the movement started by Swami Vivekananda to promote social equality.
Answer: Ramakrishna Mission
- Name the book written by Swami Vivekananda that emphasized the need for Indian nationalism.
Answer: The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda
- Name the first woman to preside over an Indian National Congress session.
Answer: Sarojini Naidu
- Name the first Indian newspaper in English published by Raja Rammohan Roy.
Answer: Mirat-ul-Akhbar
- Name the organization that aimed to promote political awareness among educated Indians.
Answer: Indian Association
- Name the British Governor-General during the first session of the Indian National Congress.
Answer: Lord Dufferin
- Name the leader who was a prominent voice against the exploitation of Indian peasants.
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji
- Name the Act passed to suppress nationalist activities during the early years of the Indian National Congress.
Answer: Arms Act
- Name the city where the first session of the Indian National Congress took place.
Answer: Bombay
- Name the leader known as the ‘Father of Indian Nationalism’.
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji
- Name the reformer who condemned the caste system and worked for the upliftment of the backward classes.
Answer: Jyotiba Phule
- Name the leader who started the movement for the upliftment of Hindu women.
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy
- Name the Indian who demanded that the British Parliament take responsibility for India’s poverty.
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji
- Name the Indian leader who coined the term ‘Swaraj’ during the early years of the Congress.
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Name the book written by Jyotiba Phule about caste discrimination in India.
Answer: Gulamgiri
- Name the first Indian leader to join the Indian National Congress who was also a leader in England.
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji
- Name the book written by Bal Gangadhar Tilak that emphasized the need for self-rule for India.
Answer: The Arctic Home in the Vedas
- Name the leader who founded the Deccan Education Society in 1884.
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Name the leader who led the protest against the Simon Commission.
Answer: Lala Lajpat Rai
- Name the first nationalist leader to call for the boycott of foreign goods in the 19th century.
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji
- Name the social reform movement started by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
Answer: Arya Samaj
- Name the organization founded by Raja Rammohan Roy to spread reformist ideas.
Answer: Brahmo Samaj
- Name the leader who was part of the reform movement and also one of the early leaders of the Indian National Congress.
Answer: Surendranath Banerjee
Answer in One Word
- Who founded the Brahmo Samaj?
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy
- Who founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj?
Answer: Jyotiba Phule
- In which year was the Indian National Congress formed?
Answer: 1885
- Who was the first President of the Indian National Congress?
Answer: W.C. Bonnerjee
- Who is called the Father of Indian Renaissance?
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy
- What language was used in Raja Rammohan Roy’s newspaper ‘Mirat-ul-Akhbar’?
Answer: Persian
- Which association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in London?
Answer: East India Association
- Which reformer promoted widow remarriage and opposed Sati?
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy
- Who started the newspaper ‘Kesari’?
Answer: Tilak
- What was the real name of Tilak?
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Which Act curbed freedom of the Press in 1878?
Answer: Vernacular Press Act
- Which Indian leader established the Indian Association in 1876?
Answer: Surendranath
- In which city was the first session of the INC held?
Answer: Bombay
- What was A.O. Hume’s nationality?
Answer: British
- Who coined the phrase “Drain of Wealth”?
Answer: Dadabhai
- Who is called the Grand Old Man of India?
Answer: Dadabhai
- Which movement focused on upliftment of lower castes and women?
Answer: Satya Shodhak
- What term means belief in one God?
Answer: Monotheism
- What was Raja Rammohan Roy’s approach to religion?
Answer: Rational
- Which socio-religious reformer focused on education of backward castes?
Answer: Phule
- Which association merged with the INC in 1891?
Answer: Indian National Conference
- Who wrote ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule in India’?
Answer: Dadabhai
- What class of Indians primarily formed the early Congress leadership?
Answer: Educated
- What was the major economic issue highlighted by early nationalists?
Answer: Exploitation
- What is the term for forced land revenue under British rule?
Answer: Zamindari
- What was the main aim of the INC?
Answer: Unity
- Who viewed INC as a safety valve?
Answer: Hume
- Who founded the Arya Samaj?
Answer: Dayanand
- What was Jyotiba Phule’s book against casteism called?
Answer: Gulamgiri
- Who was the Governor-General when INC was founded?
Answer: Dufferin
- Who emphasized religious reform and press freedom together?
Answer: Roy
- Which reformer believed in education as a tool for emancipation?
Answer: Phule
- What was the occupation of A.O. Hume before retirement?
Answer: Civil Servant
- What term refers to cultural pride and unity?
Answer: Nationalism
- Which Indian city was the centre of early press activity?
Answer: Calcutta
- What type of nationalism was promoted by reform movements?
Answer: Cultural
- What was the name of the journal started by Roy in Bengali?
Answer: Sambad Kaumudi
- Who advocated that Indians must govern themselves?
Answer: Tilak
- What was the ideology of early Congress leaders?
Answer: Moderate
- What is the political demand of INC known as?
Answer: Swaraj
- What organisation was founded by Surendranath Banerjee?
Answer: Indian Association
- Which community was Jyotiba Phule born into?
Answer: Mali
- Who opposed caste hierarchy strongly in Maharashtra?
Answer: Phule
- Which act led to protests due to racial discrimination in judiciary?
Answer: Ilbert
- What was the nationality of the press mostly supported by the British?
Answer: English
- What group of Indians supported socio-religious reform?
Answer: Educated
- Who is remembered for his rational critique of orthodox Hinduism?
Answer: Roy
- Which city hosted many reformist publications in the 19th century?
Answer: Calcutta
- What term refers to collective identity of Indians under colonial rule?
Answer: Nationalism
- Which year marked the rise of the Indian National Conference?
Answer: 1883
ICSE - Grade 10 - Physics
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 – Force
- Chapter 2 – Work, Energy and Power
- Chapter 3 – Machines
- Chapter 4 – Refraction of Light at Plane Surfaces
- Chapter 5 – Refraction through Lens
- Chapter 6 – Spectrum
- Chapter 7 – Sound
- Chapter 8 – Current Electricity
- Chapter 9 – Electrical Power and Household Circuits
- Chapter 10 – Electro-magnetism
- Chapter 11 – Calorimetry
- Chapter 12 – Radioactivity
ICSE - Grade 10 - Chemistry
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 The Language of Chemistry
- Chapter 2 Chemical Changes and Reactions
- Chapter 3 Water
- Chapter 4 Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
- Chapter 5 The periodic table
- Chapter 6 Study of the first Element Hydrogen
- Chapter 7 Study of Gas laws
- Chapter 8 Atmospheric Pollution
ICSE - Grade 10 - Mathematics
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Rational and Irrational Numbers
- Chapter 2 Compound Interest [Without Using Formula]
- Chapter 3 Compound Interest [Using Formula]
- Chapter 4 Expansions
- Chapter 5 Factorisation
- Chapter 6 Simultaneous Equations
- Chapter 7 Indices
- Chapter 8 Logarithms
- Chapter 9 Triangles
- Chapter 10 Isosceles Triangles
- Chapter 11 Inequalities
- Chapter 12 Midpoint and Its Converse
- Chapter 13 Pythagoras Theorem
- Chapter 14 Rectilinear Figures
- Chapter 15 Construction of Polygons
- Chapter 16 Area Theorems
- Chapter 17 Circle
- Chapter 18 Statistics
- Chapter 19 Mean and Median
- Chapter 20 Area and Perimeter of Plane Figures
- Chapter 21 Solids
- Chapter 22 Trigonometrical Ratios
- Chapter 23 Trigonometrical Ratios of Standard Angles
- Chapter 24 Solutions of Right Triangles
- Chapter 25 Complementary Angles
- Chapter 26 Coordinate Geometry
- Chapter 27 Graphical Solution
- Chapter 28 Distance Formula
ICSE - Grade 10 - Biology
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Introducing Biology
- Chapter 2 Cell: The Unit Of Life
- Chapter 3 Tissues: Plant And Animal Tissue
- Chapter 4 The Flower
- Chapter 5 Pollination and Fertilization
- Chapter 6 Seeds: Structure and Germination
- Chapter 7 Respiration in Plants
- Chapter 8 Five Kingdom Classification
- Chapter 9 Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
- Chapter 10 Nutrition
- Chapter 11 Digestive system
- Chapter 12 Skeleton: Movement and Locomotion
- Chapter 13 Skin: The Jack of all trades
- Chapter 14 The Respiratory System
- Chapter 15 Hygiene: [A key to Healthy Life]
- Chapter 16 Diseases: Cause and Control
- Chapter 17 Aids to Health
- Chapter 18 Health Organizations
- Chapter 19 Waste Generation and Management
ICSE - Grade 10 - History
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 – The Harappan Civilisation
- Chapter 2 – The Vedic Period
- Chapter 3 – Jainism and Buddhism
- Chapter 4 – The Mauryan Empire
- History — Chapter 5
The Sangam Age - Chapter 6 – The Age of the Guptas
- Chapter 7 – Medieval India — (A) The Cholas
- Chapter 8 – Medieval India — (B) The Delhi Sultanate
- Chapter 9 – Medieval India — (C) The Mughal Empire
- Chapter 10 – Medieval India — (D) Composite Culture
- Chapter 11 – The Modern Age in Europe — (A) Renaissance
- Chapter 12 – The Modern Age in Europe — (B) Reformation
- Chapter 13 – The Modern Age in Europe — (C) Industrial Revolution
ICSE - Grade 10 - Civics
All Chapters
- Chapter 1: Our Constitution
- Chapter 2: Salient Features of the Constitution — I
- Chapter 3: Salient Features of the
- Constitution — II
- Chapter 4: Elections
- Chapter 5: Local Self-Government — Rural
- Chapter 6: Local Self-Government — Urban
ICSE - Grade 10 - Geography
All Chapters
- Ch 1 – Earth as a Planet
Ch 2 – Geographic Grid: Latitudes and Longitudes
Ch 3 – Rotation and Revolution
Ch 4 – Earth’s Structure
Ch 5 – Landforms of the Earth
Ch 6 – Rocks
Ch 7 – Volcanoes
Ch 8 – Earthquakes
Ch 9 – Weathering
Ch 10 – Denudation
Ch 11 – Hydrosphere
Ch 12 – Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere
Ch 13 – Insolation
Ch 14 – Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
Ch 15 – Humidity
Ch 16 – Pollution
Ch 17 – Sources of Pollution
Ch 18 – Effects of Pollution
Ch 19 – Preventive Measures
Ch 20 – Natural Regions of the World
Find the Odd Man Out
- Raja Rammohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda, Jyotiba Phule, Lord Dalhousie
Answer: Lord Dalhousie
Explanation: Others were Indian reformers; Lord Dalhousie was a British Governor-General.
- Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Satya Shodhak Samaj, Indian National Congress
Answer: Indian National Congress
Explanation: Others were socio-religious reform movements; INC was a political party.
- Sambad Kaumudi, Mirat-ul-Akhbar, The Hindu, Doctrine of Lapse
Answer: Doctrine of Lapse
Explanation: Others were newspapers; Doctrine of Lapse was a colonial policy.
- A.O. Hume, W.C. Bonnerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, William Bentinck
Answer: William Bentinck
Explanation: Others were associated with INC; Bentinck was a British administrator.
- Vernacular Press Act, Rowlatt Act, Arms Act, Widow Remarriage Act
Answer: Widow Remarriage Act
Explanation: Others were repressive acts; Widow Remarriage Act was reformist.
- Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, London
Answer: London
Explanation: Others are Indian cities; London is not.
- Tilak, Phule, Gokhale, Naoroji
Answer: Phule
Explanation: Others were Congress leaders; Phule was not directly involved in INC.
- Kesari, Mahratta, The Hindu, Doctrine of Lapse
Answer: Doctrine of Lapse
Explanation: Others were nationalist newspapers; Doctrine of Lapse was a British policy.
- 1885, 1876, 1905, 1857
Answer: 1857
Explanation: Others are related to INC; 1857 refers to the Revolt.
- Surendranath Banerjee, Subhas Chandra Bose, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Dadabhai Naoroji
Answer: Subhas Chandra Bose
Explanation: Others were moderate nationalists; Bose was a radical leader.
- Satya Shodhak Samaj, Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj, Indian National Conference
Answer: Indian National Conference
Explanation: Others were socio-religious movements; INC was political.
- Zamindari, Land Revenue, Subsidiary Alliance, Drain of Wealth
Answer: Subsidiary Alliance
Explanation: Others are economic issues; Subsidiary Alliance was political.
- Tilak, Naoroji, Roy, Hume
Answer: Roy
Explanation: Others were associated with INC; Roy was a reformer.
- Indian Association, East India Association, Ramakrishna Mission, Indian National Conference
Answer: Ramakrishna Mission
Explanation: Others were political bodies; Ramakrishna Mission was spiritual-social.
- Monotheism, Polytheism, Rationalism, Reform
Answer: Polytheism
Explanation: Others are traits of reform movements; Polytheism is not.
- Bombay, Madras, Calcutta, Allahabad
Answer: Allahabad
Explanation: Others hosted early INC sessions; Allahabad did not.
- Roy, Phule, Tilak, Dalhousie
Answer: Dalhousie
Explanation: Others were Indian reformers; Dalhousie was British.
- Gokhale, Naoroji, Tilak, Rani Lakshmibai
Answer: Rani Lakshmibai
Explanation: Others were associated with INC; she was from 1857 Revolt.
- 1876, 1885, 1883, 1892
Answer: 1892
Explanation: Others are formation years of associations; 1892 was a reform Act year.
- Hindu College, Elphinstone College, Satya Shodhak Samaj, Presidency College
Answer: Satya Shodhak Samaj
Explanation: Others are educational institutions; Satya Shodhak was a reform movement.
- Rowlatt Act, Vernacular Press Act, Indian Councils Act, Widow Remarriage Act
Answer: Widow Remarriage Act
Explanation: Others were restrictive laws; this was progressive.
- Nationalism, Imperialism, Unity, Reform
Answer: Imperialism
Explanation: Others are pro-Indian; Imperialism is colonial.
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Bipin Chandra Pal
Answer: Gokhale
Explanation: Others were Extremists; Gokhale was a Moderate.
- Bengali, Persian, Marathi, Urdu
Answer: Marathi
Explanation: Others were used by Rammohan Roy; Marathi was used by Tilak.
- Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Pune
Answer: Pune
Explanation: Others hosted early INC sessions; Pune did not.
- Phule, Gokhale, Vivekananda, Swami Dayanand
Answer: Gokhale
Explanation: Others were socio-religious reformers; Gokhale was a politician.
- Indian National Conference, East India Association, Indian Association, Arya Samaj
Answer: Arya Samaj
Explanation: Others are political associations; Arya Samaj is religious.
- The Hindu, Kesari, Mirat-ul-Akhbar, Doctrine of Lapse
Answer: Doctrine of Lapse
Explanation: Others are newspapers; this is a colonial annexation policy.
- Religious reform, Press, Education, Zamindari
Answer: Zamindari
Explanation: Others were reform tools; Zamindari was a colonial exploitation system.
- Rajaram Mohan Roy, Jyotiba Phule, Swami Vivekananda, Robert Clive
Answer: Robert Clive
Explanation: Others were Indian reformers; Clive was a British officer.
- East India Association, INC, Muslim League, Satya Shodhak Samaj
Answer: Satya Shodhak Samaj
Explanation: Others were political bodies; this was social.
- Indian National Congress, Indian Association, Indian National Conference, Brahmo Samaj
Answer: Brahmo Samaj
Explanation: Others are political associations; Brahmo Samaj was religious.
- Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission, Bengal Gazette
Answer: Bengal Gazette
Explanation: Others were religious movements; Gazette was a newspaper.
- Madras, Bombay, Allahabad, Calcutta
Answer: Allahabad
Explanation: Others are INC session venues; Allahabad is not.
- Roy, Tilak, Gokhale, Keshab Chandra Sen
Answer: Tilak
Explanation: Others were reformers; Tilak was political extremist.
- Surendranath Banerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, Tilak, Raja Rammohan Roy
Answer: Roy
Explanation: Others were INC founders/leaders; Roy was pre-Congress.
- Press, Education, Vernacular Press Act, Societies
Answer: Vernacular Press Act
Explanation: Others supported nationalism; this restricted it.
- 1883, 1885, 1876, 1800
Answer: 1800
Explanation: Others are years of key nationalist events; 1800 is irrelevant here.
- Bombay, Calcutta, Pune, Lucknow
Answer: Lucknow
Explanation: Others were active reform/press centers; Lucknow was not.
- Unity, Patriotism, Nationalism, Colonization
Answer: Colonization
Explanation: Others are pro-India; colonization is not.
- Surendranath, Tilak, Phule, Naoroji
Answer: Phule
Explanation: Others were Congressmen; Phule was not part of INC.
- The Hindu, Kesari, Mahratta, Satya
Answer: Satya
Explanation: Others were political newspapers; Satya was Phule’s concept.
- Poverty, Education, Reforms, Imperialism
Answer: Imperialism
Explanation: Others were reformist goals; imperialism is colonial.
- Gokhale, Lal, Bal, Pal
Answer: Gokhale
Explanation: Others were Extremists; Gokhale was a Moderate.
- Madras, Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi
Answer: Delhi
Explanation: Others were INC session venues; Delhi became active later.
- Doctrine of Lapse, Subsidiary Alliance, Civil Disobedience, Divide and Rule
Answer: Civil Disobedience
Explanation: Others were British policies; this was a nationalist strategy.
- Dufferin, Hume, Banerjee, Tilak
Answer: Dufferin
Explanation: Others were Indian leaders or INC associates; Dufferin was British Viceroy.
- Press, Associations, Samajs, Imperialism
Answer: Imperialism
Explanation: Others supported nationalism; imperialism suppressed it.
- Gokhale, Naoroji, A.O. Hume, Lajpat Rai
Answer: Hume
Explanation: Others were Indians; Hume was British.
- Indian Mirror, Kesari, The Hindu, Indian Civil Service
Answer: Indian Civil Service
Explanation: Others are newspapers; ICS was an administrative body.
Match the Pair
Match the Pair – Set 1
Column A
- Raja Rammohan Roy
- Jyotiba Phule
- Indian National Congress
- East India Association
- Vernacular Press Act
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in London
b) Aimed to curb freedom of Indian language newspapers
c) Social reformer against caste discrimination
d) Founded in 1885 for political dialogue
e) Pioneer of socio-religious reforms in India
Answers:
1 – e
2 – c
3 – d
4 – a
5 – b
Match the Pair – Set 2
Column A
- Indian Association
- Satya Shodhak Samaj
- W.C. Bonnerjee
- ‘Drain of Wealth’
- Indian National Conference
Column B (Shuffled)
a) First president of INC
b) Founded by Surendranath Banerjee
c) Social organization for lower caste upliftment
d) Economic exploitation theory by Dadabhai Naoroji
e) Precursor to Indian National Congress
Answers:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – a
4 – d
5 – e
Match the Pair – Set 3
Column A
- Socio-religious reform movements
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- First session of INC
- Newspapers ‘Kesari’ and ‘The Hindu’
- Objectives of INC
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Promoted political dialogue and reforms
b) Spread nationalist ideas through press
c) 1885, Bombay
d) Advocated more direct political action
e) Encouraged education and social reforms
Answers:
1 – e
2 – d
3 – c
4 – b
5 – a
Match the Pair – Set 4
Column A
- Dadabhai Naoroji
- Jyotiba Phule’s book
- Repressive colonial policy
- Formation year of INC
- Role of the press
Column B (Shuffled)
a) ‘Gulamgiri’
b) 1885
c) Vernacular Press Act
d) Criticized economic exploitation
e) Helped build nationalist sentiments
Answers:
1 – d
2 – a
3 – c
4 – b
5 – e
Match the Pair – Set 5
Column A
- East India Association
- Indian National Congress aims
- Raja Rammohan Roy’s social reform
- Indian Association establishment year
- Jyotiba Phule’s social focus
Column B (Shuffled)
a) 1876
b) Promote political dialogue
c) Abolition of Sati
d) Upliftment of women and lower castes
e) Presented Indian grievances to British government
Answers:
1 – e
2 – b
3 – c
4 – a
5 – d
Match the Pair – Set 6
Column A
- Surendranath Banerjee
- ‘Kesari’ newspaper
- Moderate leaders of INC
- Socio-religious reformers’ effect
- Dadabhai Naoroji’s nickname
Column B (Shuffled)
a) ‘Grand Old Man of India’
b) Promoted nationalist ideas through Marathi paper
c) Worked for reforms, not immediate independence
d) Founder of Indian Association
e) Inspired political nationalism through social reforms
Answers:
1 – d
2 – b
3 – c
4 – e
5 – a
Match the Pair – Set 7
Column A
- Indian National Conference
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak’s political faction
- Formation of Indian National Congress
- Socio-religious reformer and journalism pioneer
- Dadabhai Naoroji’s role in British politics
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Extremist faction
b) Merged with INC in 1891
c) Introduced Drain of Wealth theory
d) Founded INC in 1885
e) Raja Rammohan Roy
Answers:
1 – b
2 – a
3 – d
4 – e
5 – c
Match the Pair – Set 8
Column A
- Jyotiba Phule’s Samaj
- Vernacular Press Act
- Indian National Congress’s initial stance
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak’s newspapers
- Role of socio-religious reformers
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Satya Shodhak Samaj
b) Moderates seeking reforms
c) Restricted Indian language press
d) ‘Kesari’ and ‘Mahratta’
e) Promoted social justice and education
Answers:
1 – a
2 – c
3 – b
4 – d
5 – e
Match the Pair – Set 9
Column A
- East India Association’s goal
- A.O. Hume’s role
- First session of INC location
- Indian Association founder
- Social reformer opposing Sati
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Founded by Dadabhai Naoroji
b) Bombay
c) Supported Indian political dialogue
d) Surendranath Banerjee
e) Raja Rammohan Roy
Answers:
1 – a
2 – c
3 – b
4 – d
5 – e
Match the Pair – Set 10
Column A
- Indian National Congress aims
- Economic exploitation term
- Role of newspapers in nationalism
- Socio-religious reformer for women’s education
- Indian Association’s main region
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Bengal
b) Promote unity and reforms
c) ‘Drain of Wealth’
d) Encouraged nationalist ideas
e) Jyotiba Phule
Answers:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – d
4 – e
5 – a
Short Answer Questions
- Q: Who was Raja Rammohan Roy?
A: Raja Rammohan Roy was a socio-religious reformer who campaigned against social evils like Sati and promoted education and political rights. - Q: What was the main aim of the Indian National Congress when it was formed?
A: The main aim was to create a platform for political dialogue and seek reforms from the British government. - Q: Name one key contribution of Jyotiba Phule.
A: Jyotiba Phule worked for the upliftment of lower castes and women’s education. - Q: What was the East India Association?
A: It was an organization founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in London to promote Indian interests in Britain. - Q: When was the Indian National Congress formed?
A: It was formed in 1885. - Q: What was the Vernacular Press Act?
A: It was a British law introduced to restrict the freedom of Indian-language newspapers. - Q: What was the significance of socio-religious reform movements?
A: They helped create awareness about social evils and inspired nationalist feelings. - Q: Who was known as the ‘Grand Old Man of India’?
A: Dadabhai Naoroji. - Q: What was the Indian Association?
A: It was a political organization formed in 1876 to promote Indian political awareness. - Q: What is the ‘Drain of Wealth’ theory?
A: It is the theory by Dadabhai Naoroji that British rule caused economic exploitation by draining India’s wealth. - Q: Name one social reform introduced by Raja Rammohan Roy.
A: Abolition of Sati. - Q: Who was Surendranath Banerjee?
A: He was a leader who founded the Indian Association and was a nationalist leader. - Q: What role did the press play in the growth of nationalism?
A: The press spread nationalist ideas and united people against British rule. - Q: What was the Indian National Conference?
A: A political forum formed in 1883, which later merged with the Indian National Congress. - Q: Who was Bal Gangadhar Tilak?
A: An extremist leader in the Indian National Congress who promoted direct action against British rule. - Q: What were the aims of the Indian National Congress?
A: To promote political reforms, create political awareness, and represent Indian interests. - Q: How did socio-religious reformers influence Indian nationalism?
A: By promoting social justice and education, they laid the foundation for political awakening. - Q: When was the Indian Association founded?
A: In 1876. - Q: Name one achievement of the Indian Association.
A: It helped raise political awareness and protests against British policies. - Q: What was Raja Rammohan Roy’s approach to religion?
A: He promoted monotheism and rejected idol worship and superstitions. - Q: What was Jyotiba Phule’s focus in social reforms?
A: Uplifting women and lower castes through education and social justice. - Q: What was the impact of the Vernacular Press Act?
A: It curtailed freedom of the Indian language press and limited criticism of British rule. - Q: Name one key session location of the Indian National Congress.
A: Bombay (the first session). - Q: What did Dadabhai Naoroji contribute to Indian nationalism?
A: He popularized the ‘Drain of Wealth’ theory and served as a political leader. - Q: Who were the moderates in the Indian National Congress?
A: Leaders who sought reforms through dialogue and petitions. - Q: Who were the extremists in the Indian National Congress?
A: Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak who advocated for direct action. - Q: What is the significance of the ‘Drain of Wealth’ theory?
A: It exposed economic exploitation and rallied Indians against British rule. - Q: What was the role of newspapers like ‘Kesari’?
A: To spread nationalist ideas and mobilize public opinion. - Q: Which organization did Dadabhai Naoroji found in London?
A: The East India Association. - Q: What was the relationship between the Indian Association and the Indian National Congress?
A: Indian Association was a precursor that merged with the Indian National Congress. - Q: What social evil did Raja Rammohan Roy fight against?
A: The practice of Sati. - Q: What did Jyotiba Phule write about in ‘Gulamgiri’?
A: The oppression of lower castes and the need for their emancipation. - Q: How did socio-religious reformers contribute to education?
A: They promoted modern education for all sections, including women and lower castes. - Q: What year was the first session of the Indian National Congress held?
A: 1885. - Q: What did the Indian National Conference do?
A: It provided a platform for political discussion before merging with the INC. - Q: Name a reform introduced by Raja Rammohan Roy related to marriage.
A: Promoted widow remarriage. - Q: What was the main objective of the East India Association?
A: To present Indian political and economic grievances in Britain. - Q: What social group did Jyotiba Phule work to uplift?
A: Lower castes and women. - Q: Name one limitation of the Indian National Congress in its early years.
A: It was dominated by moderates seeking gradual reforms. - Q: Who was known as the ‘Father of Indian Nationalism’?
A: Bal Gangadhar Tilak (among extremists). - Q: How did the press influence political awareness?
A: By publishing articles critical of British policies and encouraging nationalist sentiments. - Q: What was the role of the Indian National Congress sessions?
A: To discuss political issues and plan strategies. - Q: What was the Indian Association’s significant contribution?
A: Encouraged political awareness among Indians. - Q: Name a reason for the growth of nationalism in India.
A: Economic exploitation by the British. - Q: What was the role of socio-religious reform movements in politics?
A: They indirectly supported nationalism by reforming society. - Q: Who was the first president of the Indian National Congress?
A: W.C. Bonnerjee. - Q: What was the significance of the Indian National Congress’s annual sessions?
A: They brought leaders together to discuss national issues. - Q: What was the impact of economic exploitation on Indian society?
A: It caused widespread poverty and resentment against the British. - Q: How did the Vernacular Press Act affect Indian newspapers?
A: It censored and limited their freedom. - Q: Name a key leader who was part of the moderate faction of the INC.
A: Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
Puzzles
- Puzzle: I was a social reformer who fought against Sati and promoted women’s education. Who am I?
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy - Puzzle: I started the Brahmo Samaj and am considered the ‘Father of Modern India’. Who am I?
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy - Puzzle: I worked for the upliftment of lower castes and women and started schools for them. Who am I?
Answer: Jyotiba Phule - Puzzle: Which organization was founded in London in 1866 to represent Indian interests?
Answer: East India Association - Puzzle: Name the Indian political organization founded in 1876 aimed at political awareness and reform.
Answer: Indian Association - Puzzle: I am the first Indian political party formed in 1885. What am I?
Answer: Indian National Congress - Puzzle: Which session of the Indian National Congress was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji?
Answer: The first session (1885) - Puzzle: What term describes the transfer of India’s wealth to Britain during colonial rule?
Answer: Drain of Wealth - Puzzle: Which social reformer opposed the caste system and worked for social justice in Maharashtra?
Answer: Jyotiba Phule - Puzzle: Which Indian newspaper did Raja Rammohan Roy use to spread reform ideas?
Answer: Sambad Kaumudi - Puzzle: What was the main aim of the Indian National Congress when it was founded?
Answer: To obtain political reforms from the British government - Puzzle: Which socio-religious reform movement was started by Raja Rammohan Roy?
Answer: Brahmo Samaj - Puzzle: Name the law passed by the British to curb Indian language newspapers.
Answer: Vernacular Press Act - Puzzle: Who was called the ‘Father of Indian Nationalism’?
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji - Puzzle: Which social reformer advocated widow remarriage and opposed child marriage?
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy - Puzzle: What type of colonial policies angered Indians by restricting their freedoms?
Answer: Repressive colonial policies - Puzzle: Who was the first Indian to become a member of the British Parliament?
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji - Puzzle: Which organization merged with the Indian National Congress in 1886?
Answer: Indian National Conference - Puzzle: Name the movement that used newspapers and public meetings to create political awareness.
Answer: Socio-religious reform movements - Puzzle: Which city hosted the first session of the Indian National Congress?
Answer: Bombay (Mumbai) - Puzzle: Which reformer fought for women’s education and against untouchability?
Answer: Jyotiba Phule - Puzzle: What was the role of the Indian press in the nationalist movement?
Answer: To spread political awareness and criticize British rule - Puzzle: What was the main focus of socio-religious reformers?
Answer: Social reforms to eradicate outdated customs - Puzzle: Who organized the East India Association?
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji - Puzzle: Name the newspaper started by Jyotiba Phule to spread social reform ideas.
Answer: Satyashodhak - Puzzle: Which act curtailed freedom of Indian-language newspapers?
Answer: Vernacular Press Act - Puzzle: What was one of the earliest political organizations formed in India?
Answer: Indian Association - Puzzle: Who was the president of the Indian National Congress in 1888?
Answer: Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee - Puzzle: Which organization aimed to bring Indians from different regions together?
Answer: Indian National Congress - Puzzle: Who was the pioneer of Indian Journalism among the reformers?
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy - Puzzle: What was the key aim of socio-religious reform movements?
Answer: To promote social justice and reform - Puzzle: Which reformer was known for challenging the caste system?
Answer: Jyotiba Phule - Puzzle: Which political group was established in 1876 in Bengal?
Answer: Indian Association - Puzzle: What was the aim of the East India Association?
Answer: To influence British policy regarding India - Puzzle: Name the first Indian political party formed with the objective of political reform.
Answer: Indian National Congress - Puzzle: Who presided over the second session of the Indian National Congress?
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji - Puzzle: What was the ‘Drain of Wealth’ theory?
Answer: The theory that British rule caused economic loss to India - Puzzle: Which social reformer advocated women’s education in 19th century India?
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy - Puzzle: Name the reform movement that sought to combine social reforms with political awareness.
Answer: Socio-religious reform movements - Puzzle: Who was the founder of the Brahmo Samaj?
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy - Puzzle: Which Indian reformer was a critic of caste discrimination and started schools for lower castes?
Answer: Jyotiba Phule - Puzzle: What was the main cause behind the formation of Indian National Congress?
Answer: To demand political reforms and greater Indian participation in governance - Puzzle: Who was called the ‘Grand Old Man of India’?
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji - Puzzle: Which movement did Raja Rammohan Roy lead to oppose child marriage?
Answer: Socio-religious reform movement - Puzzle: What was the major effect of socio-religious reform movements on Indian society?
Answer: They paved the way for political nationalism - Puzzle: Who led the Indian National Congress as its first president?
Answer: Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee - Puzzle: What was the major criticism raised by the Indian press against British rule?
Answer: Economic exploitation and political repression - Puzzle: What was the significance of the Indian Association?
Answer: It was the first political organization to unite Indians on a common platform - Puzzle: Which social reformer promoted widow remarriage and education for girls?
Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy - Puzzle: What was the major outcome of the first session of the Indian National Congress?
Answer: Formation of a platform to voice Indian political concerns
Difference Between:
- Difference between Economic Exploitation and Repressive Colonial Policies
- Economic Exploitation refers to the systematic drain of Indian wealth through high taxes, destruction of indigenous industries, and unfair trade practices.
- Repressive Colonial Policies include administrative and political measures like censorship, racial discrimination, and denial of civil liberties to suppress dissent.
- Difference between Social Reformers and Political Leaders
- Social Reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy and Jyotiba Phule worked to eliminate social evils and promote equality.
- Political Leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Surendranath Banerjee focused on gaining political rights and representation for Indians.
- Difference between Raja Rammohan Roy’s and Jyotiba Phule’s reform approach
- Raja Rammohan Roy emphasized religious reform and modernization, advocating monotheism and rationalism.
- Jyotiba Phule focused on caste-based social justice, uplifting backward classes and women.
- Difference between Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj
- Brahmo Samaj was founded by Rammohan Roy and promoted monotheism, rationalism, and Western education.
- Arya Samaj, founded by Swami Dayanand, aimed to revive Vedic values and opposed idol worship.
- Difference between Moderate and Assertive Nationalists
- Moderate Nationalists used petitions and constitutional methods to demand reforms.
- Assertive Nationalists believed in mass agitation and direct action to attain self-rule.
- Difference between Indian Association and East India Association
- Indian Association was founded in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee to unite Indians on political issues.
- East India Association was founded in 1866 by Dadabhai Naoroji in London to discuss Indian problems with British MPs.
- Difference between Indian National Congress and Indian National Conference
- Indian National Congress was a political body formed in 1885 with the aim of national unity and reforms.
- Indian National Conference was a forerunner conference organized in 1883, promoting similar aims but with limited reach.
- Difference between Drain of Wealth Theory and Discriminatory Policies
- Drain of Wealth Theory explained how India’s wealth was taken away to Britain without adequate returns.
- Discriminatory Policies referred to administrative decisions that favored British over Indians, like in civil services and military ranks.
- Difference between Vernacular Press Act and Indian Press Act
- Vernacular Press Act (1878) targeted Indian-language newspapers and imposed censorship.
- Indian Press Act (1910) required publishers to deposit security and allowed confiscation of seditious material.
- Difference between Western Education and Traditional Education
- Western Education introduced modern science, rational thought, and democratic ideas.
- Traditional Education focused on religious texts, scriptures, and regional languages.
- Difference between Sati and Widow Remarriage
- Sati was a practice where widows were forced to burn themselves on their husband’s funeral pyre.
- Widow Remarriage was a progressive reform advocated by Roy and Phule to give widows the right to remarry and live with dignity.
- Difference between Social Inequality and Economic Exploitation
- Social Inequality refers to discrimination based on caste, gender, or religion.
- Economic Exploitation refers to financial oppression through unjust taxes, forced cultivation, and trade manipulation.
- Difference between Early Congress Leaders and Later Nationalists
- Early Congress Leaders like W.C. Bonnerjee believed in cooperation with the British and gradual reforms.
- Later Nationalists demanded Swaraj and used mass movements to challenge British rule.
- Difference between British Education Policy and Its Outcome
- British Education Policy aimed to create a loyal class of clerks to serve the British administration.
- Outcome was the rise of a politically conscious middle class that opposed British rule.
- Difference between Press and Associations in promoting Nationalism
- Press played a role in spreading awareness and criticizing colonial rule.
- Associations provided an organized platform to voice political demands and mobilize public opinion.
- Difference between Political Awareness and Political Organization
- Political Awareness refers to the spread of nationalist ideas through education and press.
- Political Organization refers to the formation of bodies like INC to formally represent Indian interests.
- Difference between Indian Nationalism and British Imperialism
- Indian Nationalism aimed at unifying Indians to gain self-rule and end exploitation.
- British Imperialism was based on economic gain, political dominance, and racial superiority.
- Difference between Cultural Revivalism and Social Reform
- Cultural Revivalism aimed to restore pride in Indian traditions and heritage.
- Social Reform aimed to correct internal social evils like casteism and gender inequality.
- Difference between Political Rights and Civil Rights
- Political Rights include the right to vote, participate in governance, and hold office.
- Civil Rights include freedom of speech, equality before law, and protection against discrimination.
- Difference between Role of Educated Middle Class and Role of Masses
- Educated Middle Class initiated nationalist thought, led reform movements, and formed political associations.
- Masses became involved later through movements, protests, and boycotts that increased the strength of nationalism.
Assertion and Reason
- Assertion (A): Raja Rammohan Roy was a pioneer of Indian socio-religious reform.
Reason (R): He founded the Brahmo Samaj to promote monotheism and rationalism.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: Jyotiba Phule worked for the upliftment of women and lower castes.
R: He established the Satya Shodhak Samaj to challenge caste discrimination.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The Indian National Congress was formed in 1885.
R: Its first session was held in Bombay under the presidency of W.C. Bonnerjee.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in London.
R: It aimed to bring Indian issues before the British government.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The Vernacular Press Act was introduced to curb freedom of the Indian press.
R: It allowed Indians to publish newspapers freely.
Answer: A – True, R – False.
- A: The Indian Association was established by Surendranath Banerjee in 1876.
R: It was a political organization that promoted national unity.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: Raja Rammohan Roy opposed the practice of Sati.
R: He believed Sati was an essential part of Hindu culture.
Answer: A – True, R – False.
- A: Jyotiba Phule was against the caste system and worked for social justice.
R: He wrote ‘Gulamgiri’ highlighting the oppression of lower castes.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The Indian National Conference merged with the Indian National Congress in 1891.
R: The merger helped consolidate the nationalist movement.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: A.O. Hume played a significant role in forming the Indian National Congress.
R: He was an Indian nationalist leader.
Answer: A – True, R – False.
- A: The socio-religious reform movements helped spread nationalist ideas.
R: They promoted education, social equality, and national pride.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The Doctrine of Lapse was a British policy to annex Indian states.
R: It was welcomed by Indian princes.
Answer: A – True, R – False.
- A: The Indian National Congress initially adopted a moderate approach.
R: It demanded complete independence from the beginning.
Answer: A – True, R – False.
- A: Dadabhai Naoroji described the economic exploitation of India under British rule.
R: He coined the term “Drain of Wealth.”
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The press played a vital role in the growth of nationalism.
R: Newspapers like ‘Kesari’ and ‘The Hindu’ helped spread nationalist ideas.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
R: It worked to revive Vedic values and social reforms.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: Jyotiba Phule belonged to the Brahmin caste.
R: He challenged caste inequalities.
Answer: A – False, R – True.
- A: The Indian National Congress aimed to unite Indians for political dialogue.
R: Its leaders were mainly British officials.
Answer: A – True, R – False.
- A: The East India Association was formed to express Indian views in Britain.
R: It was established before the formation of the Indian National Congress.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The British government welcomed the formation of the Indian National Congress.
R: The Congress started as a forum for moderate political expression.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: Raja Rammohan Roy was a strong supporter of traditional Hindu rituals.
R: He sought to modernize Indian society through rationalism.
Answer: A – False, R – True.
- A: The socio-religious reformers discouraged education for women.
R: They believed women should focus only on household duties.
Answer: A – False, R – False.
- A: The Indian National Congress was initially dominated by English-educated Indians.
R: It was inclusive of all sections of Indian society from the start.
Answer: A – True, R – False.
- A: The Indian Association was founded in Bengal.
R: It played a key role in early nationalist movements.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The ‘Kesari’ newspaper was published in Marathi.
R: It was edited by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The Indian National Conference started before the Indian National Congress.
R: It was founded by Surendranath Banerjee.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The press remained silent during the freedom movement.
R: Newspapers were banned completely by the British.
Answer: A – False, R – False.
- A: The repressive policies of the British government included the Vernacular Press Act.
R: This act restricted the freedom of Indian language newspapers.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The Indian National Congress was formed to demand immediate independence.
R: It initially sought reforms within British rule.
Answer: A – False, R – True.
- A: Jyotiba Phule worked for the education of lower caste children.
R: He started schools for girls and untouchables.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The East India Association focused on Indian political issues in London.
R: It included both Indians and British members.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: Dadabhai Naoroji was the first Indian to become a member of the British Parliament.
R: He was called the ‘Grand Old Man of India’.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The Indian Association promoted Hindu-Muslim unity.
R: It was limited only to the Bengal region.
Answer: A – True, R – False.
- A: The Indian National Congress adopted a confrontational approach from its start.
R: Initially, it worked with British officials for reforms.
Answer: A – False, R – True.
- A: Raja Rammohan Roy’s social reforms included the abolition of child marriage.
R: He actively campaigned against the practice.
Answer: A – False, R – False.
- A: The Indian National Conference held its sessions in Calcutta.
R: It merged with the INC to strengthen the nationalist movement.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The British introduced the Subsidiary Alliance to protect Indian states.
R: It increased British political control over Indian princely states.
Answer: A – False, R – True.
- A: Socio-religious reformers focused only on religion, not politics.
R: Their movements indirectly inspired political nationalism.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a leader of the extremist faction of the Congress.
R: He believed in the use of more direct action for independence.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The press was censored by the British to suppress nationalist ideas.
R: Newspapers like ‘Kesari’ continued to publish nationalist views.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The Indian National Congress was the first political party of India.
R: It started as an organization of moderate political dialogue.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: Jyotiba Phule was a critic of caste discrimination.
R: He belonged to an upper-caste Brahmin family.
Answer: A – True, R – False.
- A: The Vernacular Press Act was repealed due to protests from Indian newspapers.
R: It was introduced to encourage Indian journalism.
Answer: A – True, R – False.
- A: The Indian Association was founded after the Indian National Congress.
R: It worked closely with the INC after its formation.
Answer: A – False, R – True.
- A: The Indian National Congress included members from all religions and communities.
R: Its early leaders were mostly upper-caste Hindus.
Answer: A – True, R – True, R is the correct explanation of A.
- A: The East India Association was an organization for British officials only.
R: Indians had active membership in it.
Answer: A – False, R – True.
- A: The socio-religious reform movements opposed education for women.
R: Reformers like Rammohan Roy supported women’s education.
Answer: A – False, R – True.
- A: The Indian National Congress held its sessions only in Bombay.
R: It later held sessions in different cities to include more people.
Answer: A – False, R – True.
- A: The Doctrine of Lapse allowed the British to annex states without heirs.
R: It was a policy favorable to Indian princes.
Answer: A – True, R – False.
- A: The Indian National Congress aimed to unite Indians and discuss reforms.
R: It was founded solely by Indian nationalists without any British influence.
Answer: A – True, R – False.
True or False
- Raja Rammohan Roy was a pioneer of Indian journalism.
True - The Indian National Congress was formed in 1900.
False (Formed in 1885) - Jyotiba Phule worked for the upliftment of lower castes.
True - The East India Association was founded in India.
False (Founded in London) - The Vernacular Press Act aimed to promote Indian language newspapers.
False (It restricted vernacular press) - Socio-religious reform movements had no impact on Indian nationalism.
False - Dadabhai Naoroji is known as the ‘Grand Old Man of India’.
True - The Indian Association was founded after the Indian National Congress.
False (Founded in 1876, before INC) - The ‘Drain of Wealth’ theory was given by Jyotiba Phule.
False (Given by Dadabhai Naoroji) - The Indian National Conference merged with the Indian National Congress in 1890.
False (Merged in 1891) - Raja Rammohan Roy campaigned against Sati.
True - Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a moderate leader of the Indian National Congress.
False (He was an extremist) - The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Calcutta.
False (Held in Bombay) - The Indian National Congress aimed to obtain complete independence in its initial years.
False (Aimed for reforms initially) - The press played an important role in spreading nationalist ideas.
True - Surendranath Banerjee founded the Indian National Congress.
False (He founded the Indian Association) - The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji.
True - Socio-religious reformers supported caste discrimination.
False - Jyotiba Phule’s social reform work focused mainly on women and lower castes.
True - The Indian Association aimed to promote British interests in India.
False - Vernacular Press Act was introduced by the British government in 1878.
True - Indian National Congress was formed with the help of British officials.
True - Raja Rammohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj.
True - The Indian National Conference was formed before the Indian Association.
False - The Indian National Congress held annual sessions in different cities.
True - The East India Association worked to promote trade between India and Britain.
False - Jyotiba Phule wrote the book ‘Gulamgiri’.
True - The Vernacular Press Act gave freedom to Indian language newspapers.
False - The press remained neutral during the growth of nationalism.
False - The Indian Association was formed in 1876.
True - The Indian National Congress was originally an extremist organisation.
False - Raja Rammohan Roy was against widow remarriage.
False - Socio-religious reform movements helped create awareness about social evils.
True - Dadabhai Naoroji served as a Member of the British Parliament.
True - The Indian National Congress first met in 1890.
False - Bal Gangadhar Tilak was called Lokmanya.
True - Indian Association merged with the Indian National Congress in 1885.
False (Merged in 1891) - The Indian National Congress aimed to promote loyalty to the British government.
False - The press helped unite Indians by spreading nationalist ideas.
True - Jyotiba Phule fought against the caste system.
True - The Indian National Conference was a political organization formed after INC.
False - Raja Rammohan Roy supported idol worship.
False - The Vernacular Press Act was repealed due to public pressure.
True - The Indian National Congress was formed by Indian freedom fighters only.
False (British officials also involved) - The ‘Drain of Wealth’ theory highlighted economic exploitation by the British.
True - Bal Gangadhar Tilak promoted the use of Marathi and Sanskrit in politics.
True - The Indian Association worked only in the southern parts of India.
False - The Indian National Congress sessions were always held in the same city.
False - Socio-religious reform movements encouraged education among Indians.
True - The Indian National Congress aimed for complete independence from its inception.
False
Long Answer Questions
- Q: Explain the factors leading to the growth of nationalism in India.
A: The growth of nationalism in India was influenced by several factors. Economic exploitation by the British led to widespread poverty and resentment. Repressive colonial policies such as the Vernacular Press Act restricted freedom and angered Indians. Socio-religious reform movements awakened social consciousness and encouraged political awareness. The rise of an educated middle class and the role of the press in spreading nationalist ideas further contributed to this growth. Organizations like the East India Association and the Indian Association laid the groundwork for political unity. Together, these factors fueled a desire for self-rule and national identity. - Q: Discuss the economic exploitation under British rule and its impact on Indian nationalism.
A: The British exploited India economically by draining its wealth through unfair taxation, destruction of traditional industries, and forcing India to serve as a raw material supplier to Britain. This exploitation impoverished farmers and artisans, leading to widespread distress. Dadabhai Naoroji’s ‘Drain of Wealth’ theory exposed this economic exploitation to Indians and the world, fueling nationalist sentiments. Economic hardships became a major cause of anti-British feelings and motivated Indians to demand self-governance. - Q: What were the repressive colonial policies that contributed to nationalist feelings?
A: Repressive policies like the Vernacular Press Act (1878) aimed to curb freedom of expression by restricting Indian-language newspapers. The British also imposed laws limiting civil liberties and political rights. These measures caused resentment and united Indians against the colonial government. Suppression of political dissent and denial of representation intensified demands for political reforms and self-rule. - Q: Describe the role of Raja Rammohan Roy in the socio-religious reform movements and nationalism.
A: Raja Rammohan Roy was a pioneer of Indian social reform who fought against practices like Sati and child marriage. He promoted education, monotheism, and the abolition of caste discrimination. He founded the Brahmo Samaj, which aimed at religious and social revival. Roy’s efforts to modernize Indian society helped awaken political consciousness. As a pioneer of Indian journalism, he used the press to advocate political rights and reforms, indirectly supporting the nationalist movement. - Q: Explain the social reforms introduced by Jyotiba Phule and their influence on nationalism.
A: Jyotiba Phule focused on the upliftment of women and lower castes, especially the ‘untouchables.’ He campaigned for women’s education, widow remarriage, and against caste oppression. Phule established schools for lower castes and promoted social justice. His work challenged traditional social hierarchies, encouraging marginalized groups to participate in the nationalist movement, thus broadening its base. - Q: What were the effects of socio-religious reform movements on the growth of nationalism?
A: Socio-religious reform movements challenged social evils and promoted education and equality. They created an environment conducive to political awakening by encouraging Indians to question colonial rule and demand rights. Reformers promoted a sense of unity beyond caste and religion, laying the foundation for national integration and political activism. - Q: How did the press contribute to the growth of nationalism in India?
A: The press played a crucial role by spreading nationalist ideas and exposing colonial injustices. Newspapers like ‘Kesari’ and ‘The Hindu’ educated Indians about their rights and the need for self-rule. The press united diverse groups by providing a platform for nationalist leaders and ideas. Despite restrictions like the Vernacular Press Act, it remained a vital tool for mobilization. - Q: What was the East India Association, and what role did it play in Indian nationalism?
A: Founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in London in 1866, the East India Association aimed to promote Indian interests in Britain. It provided a forum for Indians living in Britain to voice grievances against colonial policies. The association helped raise awareness among British policymakers about India’s economic exploitation, contributing to the political awakening in India. - Q: Discuss the formation and achievements of the Indian Association (1876).
A: The Indian Association, founded by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose, was established to promote political awareness and unity among Indians. It protested against repressive policies, promoted nationalist ideas, and supported education and social reforms. The association organized meetings and boycotts, helping to develop a political consciousness that later contributed to the formation of the Indian National Congress. - Q: Describe the Indian National Conference and its significance.
A: Formed in 1883 by Surendranath Banerjee, the Indian National Conference was a political platform for discussing Indian issues and reforms. It brought together leaders from various regions and helped unify nationalist efforts. The conference later merged with the Indian National Congress in 1887, strengthening the national movement. - Q: How and why was the Indian National Congress formed?
A: The Indian National Congress was formed in 1885 by A.O. Hume and Indian leaders to create a forum for political dialogue and to voice Indian demands for reforms. It aimed to bring educated Indians together to petition the British government for political rights and administrative reforms. It marked the beginning of organized nationalist politics in India. - Q: What were the main aims of the Indian National Congress in its early years?
A: The early aims included promoting friendly relations between Indians and the British, securing greater participation of Indians in administration, demanding reforms like Indianization of the civil services, and advocating for political rights through peaceful dialogue. - Q: Discuss the importance of the sessions of the Indian National Congress.
A: The annual sessions provided a platform for leaders from across India to meet, discuss political issues, and formulate resolutions. They helped build political unity, raise public awareness, and plan strategies for demanding reforms. Sessions like the ones at Calcutta (1906) and Surat (1907) were particularly significant for nationalist developments. - Q: What role did Dadabhai Naoroji play in the growth of nationalism?
A: Dadabhai Naoroji exposed economic exploitation through his ‘Drain of Wealth’ theory, served as a political leader, and became the first Indian elected to the British Parliament. He helped build political awareness and inspired Indians to demand self-rule. - Q: Explain the significance of the ‘Drain of Wealth’ theory.
A: It revealed how British economic policies led to India’s poverty by transferring wealth to Britain. The theory exposed colonial exploitation and united Indians against British rule, becoming a rallying point for nationalism. - Q: Describe Raja Rammohan Roy’s contributions to journalism and political rights.
A: Roy founded newspapers such as the ‘Sambad Kaumudi’ to spread reformist and nationalist ideas. He used the press to fight social evils and advocate for Indian political rights, helping to educate and politicize the public. - Q: How did socio-religious reformers influence Indian education?
A: Reformers promoted modern, western-style education and the education of women and marginalized groups. This helped create an enlightened middle class that played a key role in the nationalist movement. - Q: What was the impact of the Indian Association’s political activities?
A: It fostered political unity, encouraged public protests, and created a political platform that influenced the formation of the Indian National Congress. - Q: Discuss the role of Surendranath Banerjee in the nationalist movement.
A: He was a founder of the Indian Association, a nationalist leader who advocated for political reforms and unity, and played a major role in mobilizing educated Indians. - Q: How did repressive laws affect the Indian freedom struggle?
A: They angered Indians, restricted freedoms, and created political unrest, which fueled demands for self-rule and political rights. - Q: Explain the contributions of the moderate leaders of the Indian National Congress.
A: Moderates like Gopal Krishna Gokhale sought political reforms through petitions, dialogue, and constitutional methods to achieve gradual self-rule. - Q: Who were the extremists in the Indian National Congress, and what were their views?
A: Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal wanted direct action, boycott of British goods, and Swaraj (self-rule). - Q: What was the significance of Bal Gangadhar Tilak’s leadership?
A: Tilak popularized radical nationalism, promoted cultural pride, and encouraged mass participation in the freedom struggle. - Q: Describe the contribution of the Indian press to nationalist movements.
A: The press informed the public, criticized colonial policies, and mobilized political support through nationalist literature and speeches. - Q: How did socio-religious reform movements lay the foundation for political nationalism?
A: By promoting social equality and education, they prepared Indians mentally for political participation. - Q: What was the role of women in the socio-religious reform movements?
A: Women’s education and social status were promoted, helping them participate in later nationalist activities. - Q: Explain the reasons for the merger of Indian Association and Indian National Congress.
A: To unify nationalist efforts and strengthen the political movement against British rule. - Q: Discuss the objectives of the Indian National Conference.
A: To provide a platform for political discussion and to support reforms. - Q: How did the Indian National Congress change over time?
A: It evolved from a moderate reformist body to a mass movement demanding complete independence. - Q: Describe the political awareness created by socio-religious reformers.
A: They encouraged critical thinking about colonial rule and inspired political activism. - Q: What were the early political demands of the Indian National Congress?
A: Greater Indian participation in government, civil rights, and administrative reforms. - Q: Explain the role of education in the growth of nationalism.
A: Education created an informed class that led political and social reform movements. - Q: What were the challenges faced by early nationalist leaders?
A: British repression, lack of mass support, and internal divisions. - Q: Discuss the impact of the Indian National Congress’s early resolutions.
A: They raised awareness, unified Indians, and pushed for reforms. - Q: Explain the significance of the Indian National Congress’s first session.
A: It marked the beginning of organized political dialogue in India. - Q: What was the role of the press in opposing the Vernacular Press Act?
A: Newspapers protested censorship and mobilized public opinion against the Act. - Q: Describe the contributions of social reformers to the nationalist cause.
A: They eradicated social evils and prepared society for political awakening. - Q: How did economic conditions under British rule affect Indian society?
A: They caused poverty, unemployment, and resentment against the British. - Q: What was the significance of the East India Association’s work?
A: It brought Indian issues to British attention and influenced policy debates. - Q: Explain the connection between social reforms and political nationalism.
A: Social reforms created a just society that could better organize political resistance. - Q: Describe the role of political associations in the early nationalist movement.
A: They unified Indians and coordinated political actions and protests. - Q: What role did Indian leaders play in British Parliament?
A: They raised Indian issues and sought political reforms. - Q: Discuss the influence of Western ideas on Indian nationalism.
A: Ideas of liberty and democracy inspired Indian leaders to demand self-rule. - Q: How did the Indian National Congress approach British authorities?
A: Initially through petitions and moderate demands. - Q: Describe the contribution of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
A: He was a moderate leader who worked for constitutional reforms and education. - Q: What was the significance of the annual sessions of the Indian National Congress?
A: They facilitated dialogue and built consensus on nationalist goals. - Q: Explain how caste and religion influenced the nationalist movement.
A: Nationalists sought to overcome caste and religious divisions for unity. - Q: Discuss the contribution of Indian journalism to nationalism.
A: It spread nationalist ideas and challenged colonial propaganda. - Q: What was the impact of repressive laws on nationalist leaders?
A: Many leaders were arrested or exiled, but repression also strengthened resistance. - Q: Summarize the early phase of the Indian nationalist movement.
A: It was marked by the rise of socio-religious reformers, formation of political associations, moderate demands for reforms, and the gradual rise of political awareness leading to the formation of the Indian National Congress.
Give Reasons
- Q: Give reasons why economic exploitation led to the growth of nationalism in India.
A: Economic exploitation impoverished Indian peasants and artisans, creating widespread resentment against British rule, which fueled nationalist sentiments demanding self-governance. - Q: Why were repressive colonial policies opposed by Indians?
A: These policies curtailed freedoms such as speech and press, creating anger and unity among Indians to oppose British authority. - Q: Why is Raja Rammohan Roy considered a pioneer of Indian journalism?
A: He used newspapers to spread ideas on social reform and political rights, awakening public consciousness against colonial injustices. - Q: Why did Jyotiba Phule focus on the upliftment of lower castes and women?
A: He aimed to break social barriers and promote equality, thus broadening the base of the nationalist movement. - Q: Why did socio-religious reform movements contribute to the growth of nationalism?
A: They challenged outdated social practices and promoted education, fostering political awareness and unity. - Q: Why was the Indian press important in the nationalist movement?
A: It informed the public about colonial exploitation and united people by spreading nationalist ideas. - Q: Why was the East India Association founded in London?
A: To represent Indian interests to the British government and raise awareness about India’s economic exploitation. - Q: Why did the Indian Association (1876) emphasize political awareness?
A: It aimed to unite Indians and promote political reforms through public education and protests. - Q: Why was the Indian National Conference formed before the Indian National Congress?
A: To create a platform for Indian political dialogue and reforms, which later merged with the Congress to strengthen the movement. - Q: Why did the Indian National Congress initially adopt moderate methods?
A: Leaders believed in achieving reforms through dialogue and petitions rather than confrontation. - Q: Why was the ‘Drain of Wealth’ theory significant?
A: It exposed how British policies transferred India’s wealth abroad, fueling anti-British sentiment. - Q: Why did the Vernacular Press Act anger Indians?
A: It restricted freedom of Indian-language newspapers, limiting political expression. - Q: Why did social reformers promote women’s education?
A: Educated women could contribute to social progress and later to political movements. - Q: Why did Jyotiba Phule establish schools for lower castes?
A: To provide education to marginalized groups, empowering them socially and politically. - Q: Why did the Indian National Congress hold annual sessions?
A: To discuss issues, pass resolutions, and unify nationalist efforts. - Q: Why was Dadabhai Naoroji elected to the British Parliament?
A: To represent Indian interests and raise awareness about colonial exploitation. - Q: Why did moderate leaders believe in cooperation with the British?
A: They hoped gradual reforms would lead to self-government without conflict. - Q: Why did extremists in the Congress oppose moderate methods?
A: They felt only direct action and mass protests could achieve Swaraj. - Q: Why was the press important in opposing British censorship laws?
A: It rallied public opinion and kept nationalist ideas alive despite repression. - Q: Why did repressive laws lead to political unrest?
A: They suppressed freedoms, causing anger and resistance among Indians. - Q: Why was the Brahmo Samaj important for Indian nationalism?
A: It promoted rational thinking and social reform, encouraging political awareness. - Q: Why did socio-religious reform movements challenge caste discrimination?
A: To create social equality and unity, which was essential for a strong nationalist movement. - Q: Why was the Indian Association’s political platform influential?
A: It mobilized public opinion and coordinated political protests. - Q: Why did Bal Gangadhar Tilak emphasize cultural nationalism?
A: To instill pride and unity among Indians based on shared heritage. - Q: Why did Indian nationalists demand Indianization of civil services?
A: To increase Indian participation in governance and reduce British dominance. - Q: Why did social reform movements focus on abolishing Sati?
A: To eradicate cruel social practices and promote human rights. - Q: Why was the Indian National Congress a turning point in Indian politics?
A: It unified diverse Indian groups and provided an organized platform for nationalist demands. - Q: Why did the Indian press face restrictions under colonial rule?
A: To prevent the spread of nationalist ideas that threatened British control. - Q: Why did education play a key role in nationalism?
A: It created an informed middle class that could lead political movements. - Q: Why did early nationalist leaders avoid violent methods?
A: They believed in peaceful reforms and feared violent rebellion would harm India’s cause. - Q: Why was the Indian National Congress formed by both British and Indian leaders?
A: To create a forum for dialogue that included both parties for political reforms. - Q: Why did socio-religious reformers support widow remarriage?
A: To improve women’s social status and promote gender equality. - Q: Why did the Indian Association organize public protests?
A: To show collective Indian opposition to unjust British policies. - Q: Why did social reforms create a foundation for political nationalism?
A: They challenged traditional structures and encouraged critical thinking about colonial rule. - Q: Why did political associations grow in urban areas first?
A: Cities had educated populations exposed to nationalist ideas and communication networks. - Q: Why was the Indian National Conference merged with the Indian National Congress?
A: To consolidate nationalist efforts and avoid division. - Q: Why did the Indian press criticize British economic policies?
A: To expose exploitation and rally Indians against colonial rule. - Q: Why did nationalist leaders attend British political institutions?
A: To present Indian grievances on international platforms. - Q: Why did the Indian National Congress demand greater political representation?
A: To participate in governance and protect Indian interests. - Q: Why did socio-religious reformers focus on eradicating caste discrimination?
A: To unite Indians beyond caste barriers for a stronger nationalist movement. - Q: Why was political unity important for the nationalist movement?
A: Unity strengthened the movement’s bargaining power against British authorities. - Q: Why did the British try to suppress nationalist newspapers?
A: To prevent the spread of anti-colonial ideas. - Q: Why did Jyotiba Phule advocate education for all?
A: Education was key to social and political empowerment. - Q: Why was the Indian National Congress initially dominated by moderates?
A: Moderates were educated elites who believed in gradual reform. - Q: Why did extremists call for boycotts of British goods?
A: To hurt British economic interests and assert Indian self-reliance. - Q: Why was the ‘Drain of Wealth’ theory effective in mobilizing Indians?
A: It clearly demonstrated economic injustice under colonialism. - Q: Why did repressive laws often backfire against the British?
A: They increased resentment and strengthened nationalist resolve. - Q: Why did the Indian National Congress seek constitutional reforms?
A: To achieve political rights through legal means. - Q: Why did social reformers believe in the connection between social change and political freedom?
A: Social progress was necessary to build a just and united nation. - Q: Why did early nationalist leaders focus on political awareness?
A: Political awareness was essential to mobilize Indians for independence.
Arrange the Words
Case Studies
Case Study 1
Raja Rammohan Roy was a pioneer of Indian Renaissance. He promoted monotheism and condemned idolatry. He fought against social evils like sati and child marriage. He also advocated widow remarriage and women’s education.
Question: How did Rammohan Roy’s reform work contribute to the growth of nationalism?
Answer: By promoting rationalism, women’s rights, and social equality, Rammohan Roy awakened the Indian conscience and challenged traditional injustices, laying the intellectual foundation of Indian nationalism.
Case Study 2
The economic policies of the British drained India’s wealth to Britain. High revenue demands, destruction of Indian handicrafts, and promotion of British goods caused unemployment and poverty.
Question: What impact did economic exploitation have on Indian nationalism?
Answer: Economic exploitation created widespread discontent, leading Indians to realize the need for political unity and self-rule to end British control.
Case Study 3
Jyotiba Phule, a social reformer from Maharashtra, fought caste oppression and advocated education for women and backward classes. He established the Satyashodhak Samaj.
Question: How did Jyotiba Phule’s ideas support the rise of nationalism?
Answer: By opposing caste-based inequality and promoting social justice, Phule united marginalized communities, contributing to the inclusive ideals of nationalism.
Case Study 4
The Vernacular Press Act (1878) was passed to curb the freedom of Indian language newspapers that criticized British rule.
Question: How did the press and such laws contribute to the growth of nationalism?
Answer: The press spread political awareness, and repressive laws like the Vernacular Press Act exposed British oppression, uniting Indians in protest.
Case Study 5
Dadabhai Naoroji’s ‘Drain of Wealth’ theory highlighted how India’s wealth was being transferred to Britain without adequate returns.
Question: How did Naoroji’s economic critique influence Indian politics?
Answer: It opened Indians’ eyes to the exploitative nature of colonial rule and inspired demands for self-governance and Indian representation.
Case Study 6
In 1885, the Indian National Congress (INC) was formed under the guidance of A.O. Hume and with the participation of Indian leaders.
Question: What was the significance of the formation of INC?
Answer: It provided a national platform for Indians to express their political aspirations and demand reforms from the British government.
Case Study 7
The Indian Association, founded in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose, aimed at uniting educated Indians to voice political demands.
Question: How did the Indian Association act as a precursor to INC?
Answer: It initiated political debates and mass mobilization that influenced the structure and goals of the Indian National Congress.
Case Study 8
Socio-religious reform movements like the Arya Samaj and Brahmo Samaj sought to reform Hindu society and promote education and equality.
Question: How did such movements help build national unity?
Answer: They challenged social evils and encouraged rational thinking, which helped unite Indians across caste and regional lines.
Case Study 9
The 19th-century Western education system introduced Indian students to liberal ideas like liberty, equality, and nationalism.
Question: How did Western education promote nationalism in India?
Answer: It made Indians aware of democratic ideals and inspired them to demand similar rights in their own country.
Case Study 10
The repressive British policies, such as racial discrimination in civil services and law, sparked anger among educated Indians.
Question: How did repressive policies contribute to nationalism?
Answer: These policies exposed British injustice, leading Indians to seek freedom from foreign rule.
Case Study 11
Surendranath Banerjee, an ICS aspirant, was dismissed from service and later became a leader in Indian politics.
Question: What does his journey tell us about colonial attitudes and Indian responses?
Answer: It showed British racial bias, which motivated Indians to demand equality and self-representation.
Case Study 12
A newspaper editorial criticized British policies and was shut down under the Vernacular Press Act. The public protested.
Question: What role did the press play in awakening Indian nationalism?
Answer: The press spread political awareness and united people in opposition to British control and censorship.
Case Study 13
In 1883, the Indian National Conference was organized by justice Ranade and others to discuss Indian issues.
Question: Why is this conference considered important in India’s nationalist movement?
Answer: It laid the groundwork for national political organization and later merged with the INC.
Case Study 14
The British introduced English education to create clerks, but it also led to the rise of politically aware Indians.
Question: How did this policy backfire on the British?
Answer: It produced educated Indians who later became leaders of the nationalist movement.
Case Study 15
The press exposed unfair taxation, high revenue demands, and forced indigo cultivation in Bengal.
Question: How did this influence peasant participation in nationalism?
Answer: It made peasants aware of exploitation and rallied them behind nationalist leaders.
Case Study 16
Early Congress leaders believed in making constitutional demands through petitions and speeches.
Question: What was the strategy of the early nationalists?
Answer: They followed a moderate approach, seeking reforms and rights through peaceful and legal means.
Case Study 17
Social evils like child marriage, sati, and untouchability weakened the Indian society. Reformers attacked these practices.
Question: Why was social reform essential to nationalism?
Answer: A united and progressive society was necessary for building a strong national identity.
Case Study 18
A group of students read about the French Revolution and were inspired by the ideas of liberty and nationalism.
Question: How did global events influence Indian nationalism?
Answer: International examples encouraged Indians to aspire for self-rule and challenge colonial domination.
Case Study 19
Women were denied education and property rights in 19th-century India. Reformers like Roy and Phule supported women’s upliftment.
Question: How did women’s reform movements support nationalism?
Answer: Empowering women strengthened social foundations and promoted inclusive national development.
Case Study 20
The first session of the INC was attended by 72 delegates from across India in 1885 at Bombay.
Question: What does the first session of the INC reflect about Indian unity?
Answer: It showed that Indians from different regions and communities could unite for a common political cause.
Numericals
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