Questions & Answers
ICSE - Grade - 8
Subject: Geography
Chapter - 01 - Representation of Geographical Features
Types of Questions
MCQ
- What is the scale of a topographical map commonly used in India?
A) 1:100,000
B) 1:250,000
C) 1:50,000
D) 1:1,000,000
Answer: C) 1:50,000 - What are topographical maps based on?
A) Aerial photography
B) Ground survey
C) Satellite images
D) Political boundaries
Answer: B) Ground survey - What do contour lines represent?
A) Roads
B) Rivers
C) Elevation
D) Settlements
Answer: C) Elevation - What type of slope do closely spaced contour lines indicate?
A) Gentle slope
B) Steep slope
C) Even slope
D) No slope
Answer: B) Steep slope - What type of slope do widely spaced contour lines indicate?
A) Steep slope
B) Cliff
C) Gentle slope
D) Vertical slope
Answer: C) Gentle slope - Which colour is used for contour lines?
A) Red
B) Blue
C) Green
D) Brown
Answer: D) Brown - Which feature is identified by a V-shaped contour pointing uphill?
A) Spur
B) Valley
C) Cliff
D) Hill
Answer: B) Valley - What does a Bench Mark indicate?
A) Type of rock
B) Height above sea level
C) Vegetation
D) Soil type
Answer: B) Height above sea level - What does a spot height show?
A) A type of settlement
B) Exact height of a point
C) Forest type
D) Direction of wind
Answer: B) Exact height of a point - Which scale shows a larger area with less detail?
A) 1:50,000
B) 1:1,000,000
C) 1:250,000
D) 1:100
Answer: B) 1:1,000,000 - What is the shape of contour lines representing a hill?
A) Straight lines
B) Concentric circles
C) Wavy lines
D) Zigzag lines
Answer: B) Concentric circles - A contour interval of 20 metres means:
A) Every contour line is 20 km apart
B) Height difference between contour lines is 20 m
C) Contours appear every 20 seconds
D) 20 contours on every map
Answer: B) Height difference between contour lines is 20 m - A compact settlement is found in:
A) Forests
B) Hills
C) Plains
D) Deserts
Answer: C) Plains - Which type of settlement is common in hilly areas?
A) Linear
B) Scattered
C) Compact
D) Planned
Answer: B) Scattered - What does blue colour on topo sheets represent?
A) Roads
B) Railways
C) Water bodies
D) Forests
Answer: C) Water bodies - Which settlement pattern appears along roads or rivers?
A) Compact
B) Scattered
C) Linear
D) Isolated
Answer: C) Linear - Which sheet covers the smallest area?
A) Million sheet
B) Quarter sheet
C) Quadrant sheet
D) Topo sheet
Answer: C) Quadrant sheet - Which natural feature is shown by green colour?
A) Water
B) Transport
C) Vegetation
D) Cultivation
Answer: C) Vegetation - The direction of river flow on topo sheets is identified by:
A) Colour of the river
B) Slope of the land
C) Shape of contour
D) Arrow marks
Answer: B) Slope of the land - What does yellow colour on topo maps represent?
A) Sand
B) Forest
C) Agricultural land
D) Desert
Answer: C) Agricultural land - Eastings run in which direction?
A) East to West
B) North to South
C) South to North
D) West to East
Answer: D) West to East - Northings run in which direction?
A) East to West
B) North to South
C) South to North
D) West to East
Answer: C) South to North - What is the main purpose of a grid system?
A) Show elevation
B) Show roads
C) Locate features
D) Draw symbols
Answer: C) Locate features - What is a cliff represented by?
A) Widely spaced contours
B) Even contours
C) Merged contour lines
D) Contours in zigzag
Answer: C) Merged contour lines - Which of the following is NOT a form of relief representation?
A) Contours
B) Spot height
C) Bench mark
D) Blue lines
Answer: D) Blue lines - A ridge is represented by:
A) Round contours
B) Zigzag lines
C) Elongated contour loops
D) Random dots
Answer: C) Elongated contour loops - Which pattern of settlement is common along rivers?
A) Scattered
B) Compact
C) Linear
D) Isolated
Answer: C) Linear - The main method used to represent relief on topo sheets is:
A) Colour coding
B) Contours
C) Shading
D) Pictographs
Answer: B) Contours - The map sheet number for study is:
A) 45 A/10
B) 45 B/10
C) 45 D/10
D) 45 C/10
Answer: C) 45 D/10 - The grid square on a 1:50,000 topo sheet covers:
A) 1 km²
B) 5 km²
C) 10 km²
D) 0.5 km²
Answer: A) 1 km² - A V-shaped contour with point downstream shows:
A) Spur
B) Valley
C) Cliff
D) Ridge
Answer: A) Spur - Which method gives the most accurate height?
A) Contour
B) Spot height
C) Bench mark
D) Grid reference
Answer: C) Bench mark - Topographical maps show:
A) Only natural features
B) Only man-made features
C) Both natural and man-made features
D) Only elevation
Answer: C) Both natural and man-made features - The colour black on topo maps is used for:
A) Roads
B) Rivers
C) Settlements
D) Vegetation
Answer: C) Settlements - What is the unit used in contour interval?
A) Feet
B) Kilometres
C) Metres
D) Centimetres
Answer: C) Metres - The economic activity shown by yellow colour is:
A) Mining
B) Fishing
C) Cultivation
D) Trade
Answer: C) Cultivation - Which symbol is used for a well with water?
A) Blue circle with dot
B) Black square
C) Brown triangle
D) Red cross
Answer: A) Blue circle with dot - Linear settlements appear as:
A) Clusters
B) Dots
C) Line of black squares
D) Green patches
Answer: C) Line of black squares - Vegetation is sparse in topo sheet 45 D/10 because:
A) High rainfall
B) Sandy terrain
C) Fertile land
D) Dense forests
Answer: B) Sandy terrain - Which drainage pattern is common in topo sheets?
A) Circular
B) Radial
C) Dendritic
D) Parallel
Answer: C) Dendritic - Contour lines never:
A) Bend
B) Form loops
C) Intersect
D) Show slopes
Answer: C) Intersect - The thick brown lines on a topo sheet are called:
A) Index contours
B) Bench marks
C) Spot heights
D) Settlement lines
Answer: A) Index contours - What does a metalled road symbol look like?
A) Thick black line
B) Dashed black line
C) Double red line
D) Green dashed line
Answer: C) Double red line - What does a cart track look like?
A) Green patch
B) Black dashed line
C) Blue solid line
D) Red circle
Answer: B) Black dashed line - Railways are shown by:
A) Red double line
B) Black line with crossbars
C) Green dotted line
D) Blue bold line
Answer: B) Black line with crossbars - What does a sand dune area look like on a topo map?
A) Green area
B) Yellow with dots
C) Blue shaded area
D) Brown triangle
Answer: B) Yellow with dots - Which of these is not a drainage feature?
A) River
B) Stream
C) Canal
D) Contour
Answer: D) Contour - The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of a map is found on:
A) Top and bottom margin
B) Centre of map
C) Legend
D) Scale bar
Answer: A) Top and bottom margin - A red line on a topo map usually represents:
A) Railway line
B) Settlement boundary
C) Metalled road
D) River
Answer: C) Metalled road - A cultivated area is usually found near:
A) Rivers
B) Cliffs
C) Sand dunes
D) Valleys
Answer: A) Rivers
Fill in the Blanks
- Topographical maps are based on __________ surveys.
Answer: ground - The scale of a standard topographical map is __________.
Answer: 1:50,000 - A __________ map shows both natural and man-made features.
Answer: topographical - The colour used for contour lines on a topo sheet is __________.
Answer: brown - Contour lines represent places of equal __________.
Answer: elevation - Contour interval on Indian topo sheets is usually __________ metres.
Answer: 20 - __________ contour lines indicate a steep slope.
Answer: Closely spaced - Widely spaced contour lines indicate a __________ slope.
Answer: gentle - A hill is represented by __________ contour lines.
Answer: concentric - A __________ is shown by V-shaped contours pointing uphill.
Answer: valley - A __________ is shown by V-shaped contours pointing downhill.
Answer: spur - __________ is a permanent reference point with known height.
Answer: Bench mark - __________ height shows exact elevation with a dot.
Answer: Spot - A side view drawn using contours is called a __________ profile.
Answer: contour - __________ settlements are grouped in one location.
Answer: Compact - __________ settlements are spread over a large area.
Answer: Scattered - __________ settlements are arranged along roads or rivers.
Answer: Linear - The vertical lines on a topo sheet are called __________.
Answer: eastings - The horizontal lines on a topo sheet are called __________.
Answer: northings - Eastings increase from __________ to __________.
Answer: west to east - Northings increase from __________ to __________.
Answer: south to north - Grid references help in locating __________ on a map.
Answer: places/features - The colour blue on a topo sheet represents __________.
Answer: water bodies - The colour green on a topo map shows __________.
Answer: vegetation - Yellow colour indicates __________ land.
Answer: cultivated - A metalled road is shown by a __________ line.
Answer: red double - A cart track is represented by __________ black lines.
Answer: broken/dashed - A railway line is marked with black lines and __________.
Answer: crossbars - The topo sheet commonly studied is numbered __________.
Answer: 45 D/10 - The scale used in 45 D/10 topo sheet is __________.
Answer: 1:50,000 - The contour interval used in Indian topo sheets is __________ m.
Answer: 20 - __________ pattern is formed by the tributaries joining a main river.
Answer: Dendritic - The natural vegetation on 45 D/10 is mostly __________.
Answer: shrubs/thorny bushes - The main occupation in the region of 45 D/10 is __________.
Answer: dry farming - Transport is shown on topo maps using __________.
Answer: red or black lines - Communication features include __________ and post offices.
Answer: telephone lines - Sand dunes are shown by yellow patches with __________.
Answer: dots - A sand dune area indicates __________ soil.
Answer: sandy - The legend of a topo map helps in understanding __________.
Answer: symbols - __________ features include rivers, hills, and forests.
Answer: Natural - __________ features include roads, settlements, and canals.
Answer: Man-made - Contour lines never __________ each other.
Answer: intersect - Index contours are drawn with __________ lines.
Answer: thick brown - A topo sheet covers an area of __________ square kilometres.
Answer: 15 x 15 / 225 - __________ method is used to represent height accurately.
Answer: Bench mark - Relief on a topo sheet is represented by __________.
Answer: contours - __________ is the side view of a landform using contour lines.
Answer: Profile - The shape of the land surface is called __________.
Answer: relief - Settlements located far from each other are called __________.
Answer: scattered - A topo sheet helps in studying __________ features in detail.
Answer: geographical
Name the Following
- . Name the type of map that shows both natural and man-made features.
Answer: Topographical map - Name the colour used to represent contour lines on topo maps.
Answer: Brown - Name the method used to represent elevation on topo sheets.
Answer: Contour lines - Name the colour used for water bodies on topo maps.
Answer: Blue - Name the colour used to show vegetation on topographical maps.
Answer: Green - Name the colour used to represent agricultural land.
Answer: Yellow - Name the unit used to measure contour interval.
Answer: Metres - Name the line that joins places of equal height above sea level.
Answer: Contour line - Name the permanent reference point with known elevation.
Answer: Bench mark - Name the method of showing exact height by a dot and a figure.
Answer: Spot height - Name the side view of a landform shown using contour lines.
Answer: Contour profile - Name the pattern formed when settlements cluster around a central point.
Answer: Compact settlement - Name the settlement type in which houses are scattered far apart.
Answer: Scattered settlement - Name the type of settlement arranged along roads or rivers.
Answer: Linear settlement - Name the vertical lines on a topo map grid.
Answer: Eastings - Name the horizontal lines on a topo map grid.
Answer: Northings - Name the type of slope formed by closely spaced contour lines.
Answer: Steep slope - Name the type of slope shown by widely spaced contour lines.
Answer: Gentle slope - Name the drainage pattern formed by a river and its tributaries.
Answer: Dendritic pattern - Name the map sheet commonly used for topo map interpretation.
Answer: 45 D/10 - Name the scale used in Indian topo sheets.
Answer: 1:50,000 - Name the feature shown by V-shaped contours pointing uphill.
Answer: Valley - Name the feature shown by V-shaped contours pointing downhill.
Answer: Spur - Name the feature represented by concentric contour lines.
Answer: Hill - Name the feature represented by merging contour lines.
Answer: Cliff - Name the economic activity shown by yellow coloured areas.
Answer: Cultivation - Name the transportation feature shown by double red lines.
Answer: Metalled road - Name the man-made feature shown by black lines with crossbars.
Answer: Railway line - Name the natural feature represented by green colour.
Answer: Natural vegetation - Name the relief feature represented by elongated contours.
Answer: Ridge - Name the relief feature shown by depression in contour lines.
Answer: Saddle or depression - Name the map feature used to locate a specific place.
Answer: Grid reference - Name the area where sand dunes are commonly found in topo sheets.
Answer: Western Rajasthan (Thar Desert) - Name the settlement symbol used for a temporary settlement.
Answer: Hut symbol or open square - Name the feature used to interpret a topo sheet.
Answer: Legend - Name the type of map with a scale of 1:1,000,000.
Answer: Million sheet - Name the sheet formed by dividing a million sheet into four parts.
Answer: Quarter sheet - Name the sheet formed by further dividing a quarter sheet.
Answer: Quadrant sheet - Name any one example of natural drainage.
Answer: River - Name any one example of artificial drainage.
Answer: Canal - Name one type of economic activity visible on a topo sheet.
Answer: Agriculture - Name one type of communication feature shown on topo maps.
Answer: Telephone line - Name the tool used to find direction on a topo map.
Answer: North line or compass - Name the feature shown by dotted yellow areas.
Answer: Sandy region or sand dunes - Name one feature found in the legend of a topo map.
Answer: Symbols and colours used - Name the shape formed by contours around a depression.
Answer: Closed loop with hachures - Name the shape formed by contours around a hill.
Answer: Concentric closed loops - Name the unit used to measure distances on maps.
Answer: Kilometres - Name the direction in which rivers usually flow in topo 45 D/10.
Answer: South-west - Name any one man-made feature represented on a topo map.
Answer: Settlements
Answer in One Word
- . What type of map shows both natural and man-made features?
Answer: Topographical - What is the colour used to draw contour lines?
Answer: Brown - Which feature on a map shows equal elevation?
Answer: Contour - What is the standard contour interval in Indian topo sheets?
Answer: 20 - What is the colour used to show water bodies?
Answer: Blue - Which colour indicates cultivated land?
Answer: Yellow - Which feature shows exact height with a dot and a figure?
Answer: Spot - What is a permanent point of known elevation called?
Answer: Benchmark - Which settlement type is arranged along a road?
Answer: Linear - What is the scale of topo sheet 45 D/10?
Answer: 1:50,000 - What type of settlement is compactly located in one area?
Answer: Compact - What type of settlement is spread out?
Answer: Scattered - What are the vertical grid lines on topo maps called?
Answer: Eastings - What are the horizontal grid lines called?
Answer: Northings - What kind of slope do closely spaced contours indicate?
Answer: Steep - What kind of slope do widely spaced contours indicate?
Answer: Gentle - What is a side view of a landform called?
Answer: Profile - Which feature is shown by V-shaped contours pointing uphill?
Answer: Valley - Which feature is shown by V-shaped contours pointing downhill?
Answer: Spur - Which landform is shown by concentric contour lines?
Answer: Hill - What feature do merging contour lines represent?
Answer: Cliff - Which economic activity is indicated by yellow areas?
Answer: Farming - Which transport feature is shown with double red lines?
Answer: Road - What man-made feature is shown with black lines and crossbars?
Answer: Railway - What do you call a group of hills joined together?
Answer: Range - What tool is used to identify symbols on a topo map?
Answer: Legend - What feature indicates natural flow of water?
Answer: River - What is the artificial water channel called?
Answer: Canal - What pattern is formed by tributaries joining a main river?
Answer: Dendritic - What type of vegetation is shown in green colour?
Answer: Forest - What term refers to the shape and height of land?
Answer: Relief - What is the name of a large sand hill?
Answer: Dune - What symbol shows a temporary settlement?
Answer: Hut - What line indicates direction on a topo sheet?
Answer: Northline - What unit is used to measure distance on a map?
Answer: Kilometre - What do we call the study of landforms using maps?
Answer: Cartography - What do contour lines never do?
Answer: Intersect - What is shown by a depression in contour lines?
Answer: Saddle - What indicates the presence of a plateau on a topo map?
Answer: Flat-topped - What is the map sheet number often studied in class?
Answer: 45 D/10 - What communication feature may appear as black lines?
Answer: Telephone - What is the main occupation in topo sheet 45 D/10 area?
Answer: Agriculture - Which region does sheet 45 D/10 represent?
Answer: Rajasthan - What kind of road is shown with broken black lines?
Answer: Cart - What type of settlement surrounds a water source?
Answer: Nucleated - What kind of land is shown with yellow and dots?
Answer: Sandy - Which side of a hill receives more rainfall?
Answer: Windward - What type of map has a scale of 1:1,000,000?
Answer: Million - What feature helps identify elevation on a topo map?
Answer: Contour - What symbol is used for a police station on topo maps?
Answer: PS
ICSE - Grade 9 - Physics
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Measurement and Experimentation
- Chapter 2 Motion in one dimension
- Chapter 3 Laws of Motion
- Chapter 4 Pressure in fluids and Atmospheric pressure
- Chapter 5 Upthrust in Fluids, Archimedes’ Principle and Floatation
- Chapter 6 Heat and energy
- Chapter 7 Reflection of light
- Chapter 8 Propagation of Sound waves
- Chapter 9 Current Electricity
- Chapter 10 Magnetism
ICSE - Grade 9 - Chemistry
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 The Language of Chemistry
- Chapter 2 Chemical Changes and Reactions
- Chapter 3 Water
- Chapter 4 Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
- Chapter 5 The periodic table
- Chapter 6 Study of the first Element Hydrogen
- Chapter 7 Study of Gas laws
- Chapter 8 Atmospheric Pollution
ICSE - Grade 9 - Mathematics
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Rational and Irrational Numbers
- Chapter 2 Compound Interest [Without Using Formula]
- Chapter 3 Compound Interest [Using Formula]
- Chapter 4 Expansions
- Chapter 5 Factorisation
- Chapter 6 Simultaneous Equations
- Chapter 7 Indices
- Chapter 8 Logarithms
- Chapter 9 Triangles
- Chapter 10 Isosceles Triangles
- Chapter 11 Inequalities
- Chapter 12 Midpoint and Its Converse
- Chapter 13 Pythagoras Theorem
- Chapter 14 Rectilinear Figures
- Chapter 15 Construction of Polygons
- Chapter 16 Area Theorems
- Chapter 17 Circle
- Chapter 18 Statistics
- Chapter 19 Mean and Median
- Chapter 20 Area and Perimeter of Plane Figures
- Chapter 21 Solids
- Chapter 22 Trigonometrical Ratios
- Chapter 23 Trigonometrical Ratios of Standard Angles
- Chapter 24 Solutions of Right Triangles
- Chapter 25 Complementary Angles
- Chapter 26 Coordinate Geometry
- Chapter 27 Graphical Solution
- Chapter 28 Distance Formula
ICSE - Grade 9 - Biology
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Introducing Biology
- Chapter 2 Cell: The Unit Of Life
- Chapter 3 Tissues: Plant And Animal Tissue
- Chapter 4 The Flower
- Chapter 5 Pollination and Fertilization
- Chapter 6 Seeds: Structure and Germination
- Chapter 7 Respiration in Plants
- Chapter 8 Five Kingdom Classification
- Chapter 9 Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
- Chapter 10 Nutrition
- Chapter 11 Digestive system
- Chapter 12 Skeleton: Movement and Locomotion
- Chapter 13 Skin: The Jack of all trades
- Chapter 14 The Respiratory System
- Chapter 15 Hygiene: [A key to Healthy Life]
- Chapter 16 Diseases: Cause and Control
- Chapter 17 Aids to Health
- Chapter 18 Health Organizations
- Chapter 19 Waste Generation and Management
ICSE - Grade 9 - History
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 – The Harappan Civilisation
- Chapter 2 – The Vedic Period
- Chapter 3 – Jainism and Buddhism
- Chapter 4 – The Mauryan Empire
- History — Chapter 5
The Sangam Age - Chapter 6 – The Age of the Guptas
- Chapter 7 – Medieval India — (A) The Cholas
- Chapter 8 – Medieval India — (B) The Delhi Sultanate
- Chapter 9 – Medieval India — (C) The Mughal Empire
- Chapter 10 – Medieval India — (D) Composite Culture
- Chapter 11 – The Modern Age in Europe — (A) Renaissance
- Chapter 12 – The Modern Age in Europe — (B) Reformation
- Chapter 13 – The Modern Age in Europe — (C) Industrial Revolution
ICSE - Grade 9 - Civics
All Chapters
- Chapter 1: Our Constitution
- Chapter 2: Salient Features of the Constitution — I
- Chapter 3: Salient Features of the
- Constitution — II
- Chapter 4: Elections
- Chapter 5: Local Self-Government — Rural
- Chapter 6: Local Self-Government — Urban
ICSE - Grade 9 - Geography
All Chapters
- Ch 1 – Earth as a Planet
Ch 2 – Geographic Grid: Latitudes and Longitudes
Ch 3 – Rotation and Revolution
Ch 4 – Earth’s Structure
Ch 5 – Landforms of the Earth
Ch 6 – Rocks
Ch 7 – Volcanoes
Ch 8 – Earthquakes
Ch 9 – Weathering
Ch 10 – Denudation
Ch 11 – Hydrosphere
Ch 12 – Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere
Ch 13 – Insolation
Ch 14 – Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
Ch 15 – Humidity
Ch 16 – Pollution
Ch 17 – Sources of Pollution
Ch 18 – Effects of Pollution
Ch 19 – Preventive Measures
Ch 20 – Natural Regions of the World
Find the Odd Man Out
- Hill, Spur, Valley, River
Answer: River
Explanation: All others are relief features, while river is a drainage feature. - Contour, Spot height, Bench mark, Canal
Answer: Canal
Explanation: Canal is a man-made drainage feature; others show elevation. - Blue, Green, Brown, Red
Answer: Red
Explanation: Red is used for man-made features; others represent natural features. - Road, Railway, River, Cart track
Answer: River
Explanation: River is a natural feature; the rest are transportation features. - Compact, Scattered, Linear, Forest
Answer: Forest
Explanation: Forest is a natural feature; others are settlement patterns. - Dendritic, Trellis, Radial, Hill
Answer: Hill
Explanation: Hill is a relief feature; others are drainage patterns. - Metalled road, Cart track, Pathway, River
Answer: River
Explanation: River is not a mode of land transport. - Eastings, Northings, Contour, Grid
Answer: Contour
Explanation: Contour shows elevation; others relate to the grid system. - Valley, Spur, Ridge, Road
Answer: Road
Explanation: Road is man-made; others are natural relief features. - Benchmark, Spot height, Scale, Contour
Answer: Scale
Explanation: Scale is a map property; others represent elevation. - Linear, Nucleated, Scattered, Dendritic
Answer: Dendritic
Explanation: Dendritic is a drainage pattern; others are settlement types. - River, Canal, Nala, Hill
Answer: Hill
Explanation: Hill is a relief feature; others are drainage. - Police station, Post office, Canal, Dispensary
Answer: Canal
Explanation: Canal is a water body; others are public service buildings. - Brown, Green, Yellow, Hospital
Answer: Hospital
Explanation: Hospital is a structure; others are map colours. - Railway, Telephone line, Canal, Road
Answer: Canal
Explanation: Canal is not a means of communication. - Spot height, Hill, Valley, Bridge
Answer: Bridge
Explanation: Bridge is man-made; others are relief features. - Sandy soil, Black soil, Alluvial soil, Contour
Answer: Contour
Explanation: Contour is a representation, others are soil types. - Police station, Temple, Contour line, School
Answer: Contour line
Explanation: Contour line is not a man-made structure. - River, Railway, Road, Pathway
Answer: River
Explanation: River is natural; others are transport routes. - Telephone line, Spot height, Bench mark, Contour
Answer: Telephone line
Explanation: It represents communication, not elevation. - Blue, Red, Brown, School
Answer: School
Explanation: School is a structure; others are colours used on maps. - 45 D/10, 55 B/7, Spot height, 56 A/2
Answer: Spot height
Explanation: Spot height is a height marking; others are map sheet numbers. - Hill, Valley, Stream, Dispensary
Answer: Dispensary
Explanation: Dispensary is man-made; others are natural features. - Metalled road, Cart track, Railway line, Forest
Answer: Forest
Explanation: Forest is a natural feature; others are transport routes. - Eastings, Northings, Scale, Contour interval
Answer: Contour interval
Explanation: Others are part of grid system; contour interval relates to elevation. - Tree, Bush, Hut, Shrub
Answer: Hut
Explanation: Hut is man-made; others are vegetation. - River, Ridge, Canal, Hill
Answer: Canal
Explanation: Canal is artificial; others are natural features. - Contour, Grid, Eastings, Northings
Answer: Contour
Explanation: Contour relates to height; others relate to location. - Post office, School, Bench mark, Temple
Answer: Bench mark
Explanation: It is not a building or service structure. - Nala, River, Canal, Temple
Answer: Temple
Explanation: Temple is a settlement feature; others are drainage. - Dispersed, Scattered, Compact, Spot height
Answer: Spot height
Explanation: It is an elevation marking; others are settlement patterns. - Sand dune, Hill, Plateau, Bridge
Answer: Bridge
Explanation: Bridge is man-made; others are landforms. - River, Contour, Ridge, Hill
Answer: River
Explanation: River is drainage; others are relief features. - Metalled road, Cart track, Footpath, Post office
Answer: Post office
Explanation: Post office is not a transport route. - Blue, Green, Yellow, Spot height
Answer: Spot height
Explanation: Spot height is not a colour. - Settlement, Canal, River, Railway
Answer: Settlement
Explanation: Others are linear features. - Tree, Cultivated land, Scrub, Sand dune
Answer: Cultivated land
Explanation: It is man-made; others are natural vegetation/land. - Profile, Relief, Road, Slope
Answer: Road
Explanation: Road is man-made; others are landform-related. - Road, Bridge, Bench mark, Railway
Answer: Bench mark
Explanation: Bench mark is a reference point, not a transport structure. - Scale, North line, Contour, River
Answer: River
Explanation: River is a feature; others are tools for map reading. - Profile, Hill, Valley, Eastings
Answer: Eastings
Explanation: It relates to location, not landform. - School, Hospital, Canal, Post office
Answer: Canal
Explanation: It is not a service institution. - Pathway, Railway, Road, Ridge
Answer: Ridge
Explanation: Ridge is a relief feature; others are transportation. - Bench mark, Spot height, Profile, Dispensary
Answer: Dispensary
Explanation: It is a service structure; others relate to height. - Metalled road, Unmetalled road, Cart track, Valley
Answer: Valley
Explanation: Valley is natural; others are transport routes. - Hill, Plateau, Ridge, Railway line
Answer: Railway line
Explanation: It is man-made; others are landforms. - Spot height, Contour line, Sand dune, Bench mark
Answer: Sand dune
Explanation: Others are elevation indicators; sand dune is a landform. - Green, Blue, Yellow, Red
Answer: Red
Explanation: Red is used for man-made features; others are natural. - Canal, River, Nala, Metalled road
Answer: Metalled road
Explanation: It is a transport feature; others are drainage. - Sand dune, Forest, Shrub, Telephone line
Answer: Telephone line
Explanation: It is a communication feature; others are natural vegetation or land.
Match the Pair
Set 1
Column A:
- Topographical map
- Contour line
- Bench mark
- Spot height
- Grid system
Column B:
A. Exact elevation of a point
B. Connects points of equal height
C. Used for locating places on a map
D. Permanent reference point of known height
E. Shows natural and man-made features
Answers Set 1:
1 – E
2 – B
3 – D
4 – A
5 – C
Set 2
Column A:
- Linear settlement
- Compact settlement
- Scattered settlement
- Contour interval
- Profile
Column B:
A. Houses closely packed together
B. Side view of landform
C. Distance between two contours
D. Houses far apart
E. Arranged along roads or rivers
Answers Set 2:
1 – E
2 – A
3 – D
4 – C
5 – B
Set 3
Column A:
- Relief
- Drainage
- Million sheet
- Quarter sheet
- Contour characteristics
Column B:
A. Water bodies like rivers and lakes
B. Larger scale topo map covering bigger area
C. Shape and height of land surface
D. Smaller section of million sheet
E. Lines never cross, form closed loops
Answers Set 3:
1 – C
2 – A
3 – B
4 – D
5 – E
Set 4
Column A:
- Interpretation of topo sheet
- Spot height symbol
- Natural vegetation on topo sheet
- Transport and communication symbols
- Contour lines closely spaced
Column B:
A. Indicates steep slope
B. Dot with height marked
C. Shown in green color
D. Shows roads, railways, etc.
E. General info, relief, drainage, settlements
Answers Set 4:
1 – E
2 – B
3 – C
4 – D
5 – A
Set 5
Column A:
- Quarter sheet
- Grid lines
- Bench mark height
- Contour interval
- Types of settlements
Column B:
A. Horizontal and vertical lines numbered
B. Vertical distance between contours
C. Part of million sheet
D. Exact height at permanent survey point
E. Compact, linear, scattered
Answers Set 5:
1 – C
2 – A
3 – D
4 – B
5 – E
Set 6
Column A:
- Relief features
- Profile drawing
- Linear settlements develop along
- Scale of topo map
- Drainage pattern
Column B:
A. Ratio between map and ground distance
B. Roads and rivers
C. Side view of contour line
D. Shape of hills, valleys, slopes
E. Dendritic, radial, trellis
Answers Set 6:
1 – D
2 – C
3 – B
4 – A
5 – E
Set 7
Column A:
- Spot height
- Bench mark
- Contour line characteristic
- Scattered settlement location
- Compact settlement advantage
Column B:
A. Hilly or difficult terrain
B. Permanent point with known height
C. Joins points of equal elevation
D. Reduces travel distance
E. Marks exact elevation
Answers Set 7:
1 – E
2 – B
3 – C
4 – A
5 – D
Set 8
Column A:
- Grid reference
- Contour lines forming V shape
- Profile helps to find
- Natural vegetation color
- Transport and communication on topo sheet
Column B:
A. Location of a place on map
B. Slope and shape of landform
C. Green
D. Point upstream in valleys
E. Roads, railways shown
Answers Set 8:
1 – A
2 – D
3 – B
4 – C
5 – E
Set 9
Column A:
- Spot height symbol
- Contour interval uniformity
- Drainage features colour
- Linear settlement reason
- Relief impact
Column B:
A. Varies depending on terrain
B. Blue
C. Provides easy access to transport
D. Dot with height written
E. Affects vegetation and human activity
Answers Set 9:
1 – D
2 – A
3 – B
4 – C
5 – E
Set 10
Column A:
- Natural features on topo sheet
- Man-made features on topo sheet
- Contour lines cannot
- Settlement types
- Profile drawing axis
Column B:
A. Include hills and rivers
B. Include roads and buildings
C. Cross each other
D. Compact, scattered, linear
E. Horizontal and vertical axes
Answers Set 10:
1 – A
2 – B
3 – C
4 – D
5 – E
Short Answer Questions
- What is a topographical map?
A map showing natural and man-made features of the land. - What are million sheets in topographical mapping?
Large-scale topo maps covering a big area. - Define contour line.
A line joining points of equal elevation on a map. - What is a bench mark?
A permanent survey point with a known exact height. - What is spot height?
The height of a specific point marked on a map. - What is the purpose of the grid system on a topo sheet?
To locate places precisely using numbered lines. - What is a quarter sheet?
A smaller part of a million sheet showing more detail. - How is relief represented on a topographical map?
By contour lines and shading. - What do closely spaced contour lines indicate?
A steep slope. - What do widely spaced contour lines indicate?
A gentle slope. - Name the three types of settlement patterns shown on topo sheets.
Compact, linear, and scattered settlements. - What is a linear settlement?
Houses arranged in a line along roads or rivers. - How are compact settlements characterized?
Houses built close together. - Where are scattered settlements usually found?
In hilly or forested areas. - What does contour interval mean?
The vertical height difference between two contour lines. - What information does the scale on a topo sheet provide?
The ratio between map distance and actual ground distance. - What is the significance of a grid reference?
It helps locate any point on the map accurately. - How is natural vegetation shown on a topo sheet?
Usually by green shading or symbols. - What colour is used to represent water bodies on a topo sheet?
Blue. - How are roads and railways represented on topo maps?
By specific symbols and lines. - What does the term “profile of a contour feature” mean?
A side view or cross-section of the landform. - What is the use of a bench mark in surveying?
To provide a fixed reference height. - What is the role of drainage in a topo sheet?
To show rivers, streams, and water flow. - What is the relief of a region?
The variation in elevation and shape of the land surface. - How does the grid system help in navigation?
By providing coordinates to find locations. - Why are contour lines curved in valleys?
Because the elevation changes around the valley sides. - What is the importance of transport and communication features on topo maps?
They show accessibility and connectivity of places. - What is the meaning of a contour line forming a closed loop?
It usually indicates a hill or summit. - What is a depression contour?
A contour line with hachures indicating a dip in land. - What is the difference between bench mark and spot height?
Bench mark is a permanent survey point; spot height marks specific points. - How is a settlement represented on a topo sheet?
By different symbols depending on the type of settlement. - What does a contour interval of 10m indicate?
Each contour line represents a 10 meter rise in elevation. - How can you identify a ridge on a contour map?
Contour lines form a U or V shape pointing away from lower ground. - What is the use of interpreting a topo sheet?
To understand the physical and human features of an area. - What are natural features shown on topo sheets?
Features like hills, rivers, forests, and valleys. - What is the meaning of the term ‘million sheet’?
A large map sheet covering a millionth part of the earth’s surface. - What is the significance of latitudinal and longitudinal extent on a topo sheet?
They give the geographic location of the area shown. - What is a scattered settlement pattern?
Houses spread widely and irregularly. - How is a steep slope shown on a topo map?
By closely spaced contour lines. - What kind of information does a topo sheet provide?
Details about terrain, vegetation, settlements, and roads. - What is a grid line?
A numbered horizontal or vertical line on a map. - What does a contour line never do on a topo sheet?
Cross or touch another contour line. - What does a V-shaped contour indicate in valleys?
The direction of the stream or river flowing. - Why is it important to know the contour interval?
To understand the height difference between land features. - How are transport routes shown on a topo sheet?
By symbols for roads, railways, and paths. - What is the use of spot height in map reading?
To know the exact height at a particular point. - How does a topo sheet help in planning?
By showing terrain and human features for development. - What does a compact settlement indicate about population?
A densely populated area. - How is vegetation useful in interpreting a topo sheet?
It shows the type of land cover and ecosystem. - What does interpretation of a topo sheet include?
Analyzing relief, drainage, settlements, vegetation, and human activities.
Puzzles
- Puzzle: I loop around hills but never cross myself. What am I?
Answer: Contour line - Puzzle: When I’m tightly packed, the land’s on a steep track. Who am I?
Answer: Closely spaced contour lines - Puzzle: Find me on a map if you want to know the exact height of a mountain peak. What am I called?
Answer: Spot height - Puzzle: I’m a reference point with a known height — surveyors love me. What am I?
Answer: Bench mark - Puzzle: Bigger than a quarter but smaller than the whole, I cover a million times less land than you think. What map sheet am I?
Answer: Million sheet - Puzzle: I’m a line of houses stretched like a ribbon beside roads and rivers. What settlement pattern am I?
Answer: Linear settlement - Puzzle: To pinpoint your place on a topo sheet, you use me — a web of invisible lines. What am I?
Answer: Grid system - Puzzle: If you want to hike a steep slope, you’ll look for me on the map — I’m the secret sign. What am I?
Answer: Closely spaced contour lines - Puzzle: I gather homes tightly packed, neighbors close and friends nearby. What settlement am I?
Answer: Compact settlement - Puzzle: When homes are spread far apart, each standing on its own, what kind of settlement is this?
Answer: Scattered settlement - Puzzle: V-shaped lines on a map point upstream — where am I?
Answer: Valley - Puzzle: I’m a ring of elevation on the map — the higher you go, the smaller I get. What feature am I?
Answer: Hill - Puzzle: Why can’t two contour lines ever cross paths?
Answer: Because a point cannot have two different elevations - Puzzle: On a map, I’m the sign of a sunken land — hachured lines show my fall. What feature am I?
Answer: Depression - Puzzle: I tell you how high to high, the vertical step between lines on a map. What am I?
Answer: Contour interval - Puzzle: When you see many circles inside circles getting smaller and smaller, what landform is shown?
Answer: A hill or mountain - Puzzle: Smaller than a million sheet but bigger than a quadrant, I offer more detail. What sheet am I?
Answer: Quarter sheet - Puzzle: Green patches on topo sheets tell you where I thrive — I am life on the land. What am I?
Answer: Natural vegetation - Puzzle: Blue lines snake through the map showing where water flows. What system is this?
Answer: Drainage system - Puzzle: You can rely on me for exact elevation — marked clearly to guide surveyors. What am I?
Answer: Bench mark - Puzzle: I’m the key that unlocks distance on the map, showing how much space each inch covers. What am I?
Answer: Scale - Puzzle: Stretching along roads or rivers, I’m a line of houses you’ll find. What settlement pattern am I?
Answer: Linear settlement - Puzzle: Cross me from left to right, up and down, I form a grid that helps you find any spot. What am I?
Answer: Grid system - Puzzle: When contour lines hug tightly, what does that tell you about the land?
Answer: It is steep - Puzzle: U-shaped contour lines pointing downhill mark what landform?
Answer: Ridge - Puzzle: “45 D/10” — what does this number tell you on a topo sheet?
Answer: The specific sheet number - Puzzle: What do you call it when contour lines spread far apart over flat land?
Answer: Gentle slope or flat area - Puzzle: Which settlement is like a village tightly knit in fertile plains?
Answer: Compact settlement - Puzzle: What lines on a map help you read the ups and downs of the land?
Answer: Contour lines - Puzzle: Roads and railways are shown on a topo sheet under which category?
Answer: Transport and communication - Puzzle: Which sheet shows the smallest area in mapping terms?
Answer: Quadrant sheet - Puzzle: What map feature shows sudden changes in height, like cliffs?
Answer: Contour line - Puzzle: What does a topographical map show you that a political map does not?
Answer: Physical features like hills and rivers - Puzzle: When homes are far and wide in hills, what pattern do they form?
Answer: Scattered settlement - Puzzle: In a close-knit village for security, what settlement type is this?
Answer: Compact settlement - Puzzle: What symbol helps you recognize forests on a topo map?
Answer: Vegetation symbol - Puzzle: What helps you visualize the terrain’s side view?
Answer: Contour profile - Puzzle: What does “relief” show you on a map?
Answer: Elevation differences in land - Puzzle: What is a “bench mark” on a topo sheet?
Answer: Fixed elevation point - Puzzle: Which settlement runs beside highways and railways?
Answer: Linear settlement - Puzzle: How are rivers represented on topo sheets?
Answer: Blue lines - Puzzle: The map’s legend is also known as what?
Answer: Key to symbols - Puzzle: Which contour lines form circles around hills?
Answer: Closed concentric contour lines - Puzzle: How do you accurately find a place on a topo sheet?
Answer: Using grid reference - Puzzle: What is a “spot height”?
Answer: Exact elevation at a point - Puzzle: In hilly areas, which settlement type is common?
Answer: Scattered settlement - Puzzle: What does contour interval measure?
Answer: Vertical distance between contour lines - Puzzle: Houses built in a line along a road belong to which settlement pattern?
Answer: Linear settlement - Puzzle: How are depressions shown on contour maps?
Answer: By hachured contour lines - Puzzle: Why are topo sheets essential for planners?
Answer: They provide detailed land and feature information
Difference Between:
- Difference Between Topographical Map and Political Map
Topographical Map: Shows natural and physical features like mountains, rivers, and relief using contour lines.
Political Map: Shows political boundaries such as countries, states, and capitals, focusing on administrative divisions. - Difference Between Million Sheets and Quarter Sheets
Million Sheets: Large-scale topo sheets covering a big area, usually at scales like 1:1,000,000.
Quarter Sheets: Smaller parts of million sheets, covering less area but showing more detail, often used for detailed study. - Difference Between Contour Line and Contour Interval
Contour Line: A line joining points of equal elevation on a map.
Contour Interval: The vertical distance or height difference between two consecutive contour lines. - Difference Between Bench Mark and Spot Height
Bench Mark: A permanent survey point with a known elevation used for accurate height measurement.
Spot Height: The elevation at a specific point, usually marked on peaks or summits, but not permanent survey marks. - Difference Between Compact Settlement and Scattered Settlement
Compact Settlement: Houses are grouped closely together forming a dense habitation.
Scattered Settlement: Houses are spread out over a large area with open spaces in between. - Difference Between Linear Settlement and Compact Settlement
Linear Settlement: Houses arranged in a line along roads, rivers, or valleys.
Compact Settlement: Houses grouped closely in a cluster without a particular linear arrangement. - Difference Between Grid System and Latitude and Longitude
Grid System: A network of horizontal and vertical lines used on topo sheets for location referencing.
Latitude and Longitude: Global coordinate system using imaginary lines running east-west (latitude) and north-south (longitude) to locate points on Earth. - Difference Between Relief and Contour
Relief: The variations in elevation and slope of the land surface.
Contour: Lines on a map that represent the relief by joining points of equal elevation. - Difference Between Spot Height and Elevation
Spot Height: The exact elevation of a particular point marked on a map.
Elevation: The height of any point on the Earth’s surface above mean sea level. - Difference Between Natural Vegetation and Economic Activities
Natural Vegetation: Plants and forests growing naturally without human intervention.
Economic Activities: Human activities like farming, mining, and industry for earning livelihood. - Difference Between Drainage and River
Drainage: The pattern or network of rivers and streams in an area.
River: A natural flowing watercourse, part of the drainage system. - Difference Between Interpretation and Representation
Interpretation: The process of analyzing and understanding features shown on a map.
Representation: The method of showing geographical features on a map using symbols and signs. - Difference Between Contour Map and Relief Map
Contour Map: Uses contour lines to show elevation changes.
Relief Map: Shows physical features of terrain using colors, shading, or 3D effects. - Difference Between Contour Profile and Contour Line
Contour Profile: A side view or cross-sectional view showing the slope between contour lines.
Contour Line: A horizontal line on the map joining points of equal elevation. - Difference Between Transport and Communication
Transport: Movement of goods and people from one place to another (roads, railways).
Communication: Exchange of information (telegraph, telephone, internet). - Difference Between Topographical Sheet and Quadrant Sheet
Topographical Sheet: A detailed map showing natural and man-made features.
Quadrant Sheet: A subdivision of a topographical sheet into four parts for detailed study. - Difference Between Latitude and Longitude
Latitude: Imaginary lines running parallel to the Equator, measuring north-south position.
Longitude: Imaginary lines running from pole to pole, measuring east-west position. - Difference Between Hachure Marks and Contour Lines
Hachure Marks: Short lines drawn inside a contour to indicate a depression.
Contour Lines: Continuous lines joining points of equal elevation, indicating hills or rises. - Difference Between Slope and Gradient
Slope: The inclination or steepness of the land surface.
Gradient: The rate of change of elevation over a certain distance, often expressed as a ratio or percentage. - Difference Between Natural Features and Man-made Features on a Map
Natural Features: Features formed by nature, such as rivers, hills, forests.
Man-made Features: Features created by humans, such as roads, buildings, settlements.
Assertion and Reason
Assertion (A): …
Reason (R): …
Options:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
C. A is true, but R is false
D. A is false, but R is true
- A: Contour lines connect points of equal elevation.
R: Contours help in identifying the slope of land.
Answer: A
Explanation: Contour lines join equal heights and indicate slope steepness. - A: Blue colour is used to represent water bodies on topo sheets.
R: Blue is chosen to distinguish natural features from man-made ones.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both are true but the reason is not the exact explanation. - A: Bench mark shows exact height of a point on a topo map.
R: Bench marks are permanent reference points established by surveyors.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both statements are correct and related. - A: Linear settlements are arranged along roads or rivers.
R: Settlements develop linearly due to easy access to transport and water.
Answer: A
Explanation: Reason correctly explains the assertion. - A: Spot height shows exact elevation of a point.
R: Spot height is shown by a dot with the height written beside it.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both statements are true and reason explains assertion. - A: Contour lines can intersect each other.
R: Intersecting contours help to show cliffs and steep slopes.
Answer: D
Explanation: Contour lines never intersect; reason is false. - A: Grid system helps to locate any point on a topo sheet.
R: Grid lines consist of eastings and northings.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both statements are true and reason explains assertion. - A: Relief features are represented on topo sheets using colours and symbols.
R: Relief can be shown by contour lines, shading and spot heights.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true, but reason is more specific, not exact explanation. - A: Contours that are closely spaced indicate a gentle slope.
R: Steep slopes have contours spaced far apart.
Answer: D
Explanation: Both statements are false. - A: Million sheets are larger scale topo maps compared to quarter sheets.
R: Million sheets cover a larger area with less detail.
Answer: D
Explanation: Assertion is false; million sheets have smaller scale. - A: Compact settlements have houses built close together.
R: Compact settlements reduce travel distance and improve social interaction.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both statements are true and related. - A: Spot height is more accurate than contour lines in showing elevation.
R: Spot height marks the exact elevation of a specific point.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and reason explains assertion. - A: Relief is the shape and height of the land surface.
R: Relief affects drainage and vegetation patterns.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both are true but reason does not explain assertion. - A: The scale of a topo sheet helps in calculating real distances.
R: Scale is the ratio between distance on map and ground.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and reason explains assertion. - A: Contour interval is the vertical distance between two consecutive contours.
R: Contour interval is uniform for all contours on the same map.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and related. - A: Topographical maps show both natural and man-made features.
R: Topo maps use symbols and colours to differentiate features.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and reason explains assertion. - A: Bench marks are always found on hilltops.
R: Bench marks can be anywhere with permanent structures.
Answer: D
Explanation: Assertion false; reason true. - A: Drainage features include rivers, canals and lakes.
R: Drainage features are shown in blue colour on topo sheets.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both statements are true and reason explains assertion. - A: Linear settlements develop along natural or man-made lines.
R: People prefer living along roads for better transport facilities.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and related. - A: Spot heights can be found anywhere on a topo sheet.
R: Spot heights provide exact elevation at that location.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and reason explains assertion. - A: Contour lines show the exact height of the terrain.
R: Contour lines connect points of equal elevation.
Answer: B
Explanation: Contour lines do not give exact heights but connect equal heights. - A: Scattered settlements have houses far apart.
R: Scattered settlements often occur in hilly areas.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and related. - A: The grid system on topo maps consists of parallel lines.
R: Grid lines are numbered along the edges for location.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and reason explains assertion. - A: Relief can be identified by studying contours.
R: Contours indicate slope steepness and shape of landforms.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and related. - A: The scale of a topo sheet 45 D/10 is 1:50,000.
R: This scale shows one unit on map equals 50,000 units on ground.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and reason explains assertion. - A: A profile is a side view of a landform.
R: Profile helps in understanding the slope and shape of terrain.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and reason explains assertion. - A: Contours that form closed loops indicate hills.
R: Contours that form V shapes usually indicate valleys.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true but reasons explains a different assertion. - A: Bench mark shows the exact height of a point.
R: Bench marks are permanent survey points.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and related. - A: Natural vegetation is shown in green on topo maps.
R: Economic activities are shown using symbols and colours.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true but reason does not explain assertion. - A: Drainage patterns can be dendritic, radial or trellis.
R: Drainage pattern depends on the type of rock and slope.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and reason explains assertion. - A: Contour interval is uniform throughout one topo sheet.
R: Contour intervals can vary depending on terrain.
Answer: C
Explanation: Assertion true; reason false. - A: Natural features on topo maps include hills and rivers.
R: Man-made features include roads and settlements.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true but reason does not explain assertion. - A: Spot heights are more useful for detailed elevation.
R: Contours are less precise than spot heights.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and reason explains assertion. - A: Blue colour on maps represents rivers and lakes.
R: Brown colour represents contour lines.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true but reason does not explain assertion. - A: Settlements are shown by symbols on topo sheets.
R: Settlement patterns include compact, linear, and scattered.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true but reason does not explain assertion. - A: Contour lines never cross each other.
R: Contours indicate slope steepness.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true but reason does not explain assertion. - A: Grid reference is used to locate places on topo maps.
R: Eastings run vertically, Northings run horizontally.
Answer: C
Explanation: Eastings run vertically; Northings run horizontally. - A: Relief shows shape and height of land.
R: Relief affects human activities and vegetation.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true but reason does not explain assertion. - A: Contours show elevation but not exact height.
R: Spot height shows exact height of a point.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and reason explains assertion. - A: The scale on topo sheets helps convert map distance to ground distance.
R: Contour interval shows the vertical distance between contours.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true but reason does not explain assertion. - A: Natural vegetation is shown in green.
R: Cultivated land is shown in yellow.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true but reason does not explain assertion. - A: Topographical maps help in studying relief and drainage.
R: They also help in planning transport and communication.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true but reason does not explain assertion. - A: Bench marks are permanent points.
R: Spot heights are temporary marks.
Answer: C
Explanation: Assertion true; reason false. - A: Contour lines form V shapes pointing upstream in valleys.
R: Contours point downstream in spurs.
Answer: C
Explanation: Assertion true; reason false. - A: Settlement patterns depend on relief and water availability.
R: Linear settlements occur along roads and rivers.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true but reason does not explain assertion. - A: Contour lines are brown in colour.
R: Water bodies are shown in blue colour.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true but reason does not explain assertion. - A: Spot height gives exact elevation.
R: Spot height is always found on hilltops.
Answer: C
Explanation: Assertion true; reason false. - A: A profile helps visualize the shape of land.
R: Profile is drawn using contour lines.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and reason explains assertion. - A: Settlements are represented by symbols on topo sheets.
R: Settlements can be compact, linear, or scattered.
Answer: B
Explanation: Both true but reason does not explain assertion. - A: Relief can be identified by contour patterns.
R: Contours form concentric circles on hills.
Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and reason explains assertion.
True or False
- Contour lines join points of equal elevation.
True - Contour lines can intersect each other on a topo sheet.
False - Bench marks indicate exact height of a fixed point on the ground.
True - Spot heights show approximate elevation of an area.
False - The grid system helps to locate any place on a map using eastings and northings.
True - Million sheets are larger in scale than quarter sheets.
False - Contour interval is the horizontal distance between two contour lines.
False - Closely spaced contours indicate a steep slope.
True - Linear settlements develop along roads, rivers, or railways.
True - Compact settlements have houses built far apart.
False - Scattered settlements are commonly found in plains and fertile regions.
False - Spot heights are shown by a dot with the elevation written beside it.
True - Relief on a topo sheet is shown only by contour lines.
False - The scale of a map shows the ratio between map distance and actual ground distance.
True - Grid lines run vertically as northings and horizontally as eastings.
False - Quarter sheets are smaller parts of million sheets with more detailed information.
True - Drainage features like rivers are shown in blue on topo sheets.
True - Natural vegetation is represented by green colour on topo maps.
True - Transport and communication features are not shown on topographical maps.
False - Contour lines that form closed loops usually indicate hills.
True - The profile of a contour feature is a front view of the landform.
False - Bench marks are permanent survey points used as height references.
True - Relief affects the pattern of drainage and vegetation in an area.
True - The interpretation of a topo sheet includes details such as area covered and contour interval.
True - Spot heights provide the exact height of a specific point on the map.
True - The grid system consists of parallel vertical and horizontal lines.
True - Scattered settlements consist of houses close together forming a compact area.
False - Linear settlements can develop along rivers because of access to water.
True - A contour interval remains constant on a single topo sheet.
True - Contour lines on a steep slope are spaced far apart.
False - Natural features like hills and valleys are represented using specific symbols on topo sheets.
True - The scale 1:50,000 means 1 cm on map represents 50,000 cm on ground.
True - Contours can form V shapes that point downstream in valleys.
False - Bench marks and spot heights are both used to show elevation but serve different purposes.
True - Relief features include hills, valleys, slopes, and plains.
True - The profile of a contour feature is drawn by connecting spot heights.
False - Topographical maps do not show settlements or roads.
False - The term ‘grid reference’ refers to coordinates used to locate points on maps.
True - The colour brown is used to represent water bodies on topo maps.
False - Contour lines never touch or cross each other on a map.
True - Compact settlements are often found in areas with good transportation and social facilities.
True - The contour interval is the vertical height difference between two consecutive contour lines.
True - Linear settlements are rarely found along highways and rivers.
False - The spot height is usually marked on flat land to indicate elevation.
True - Contours that form concentric circles indicate a depression.
False - The interpretation of a topo sheet involves analyzing relief, drainage, vegetation, and settlements.
True - The grid system is useful only for large scale maps.
False - Natural vegetation and economic activities can be shown using colours and symbols on topo sheets.
True - The profile of a contour feature helps in understanding the shape and slope of landforms.
True - A topographical map shows both natural and man-made features.
True
Long Answer Questions
- What is a topographical map and what information does it provide?
A topographical map is a detailed and accurate two-dimensional representation of the earth’s surface showing natural and man-made features. It displays relief through contour lines, and includes information on rivers, forests, settlements, roads, railways, and other physical and cultural features. Topo maps are used for navigation, planning, and studying terrain. - Explain the concept of million sheets and quarter sheets in topographical mapping.
Million sheets are large-scale topographical maps that cover a vast area, generally at scales like 1:1,000,000. Quarter sheets are smaller sections of million sheets, produced by dividing million sheets into four parts. Quarter sheets provide more detailed information about a smaller area, useful for detailed study or planning. - Describe the grid system on a topographical map and its features.
The grid system consists of vertical and horizontal lines called eastings and northings, forming squares. Each grid square has a unique coordinate reference, allowing precise location of features. The system helps in navigation and referencing places accurately on the map. - What are contour lines? Explain their characteristics.
Contour lines are imaginary lines on a map joining points of equal elevation above sea level. Characteristics include: they never cross or touch; they form closed loops; the spacing between lines indicates slope steepness (close lines mean steep slope, far lines mean gentle slope); and they help depict hills, valleys, ridges, and depressions. - How is relief represented on a topographical map?
Relief is shown using contour lines, which indicate elevation and shape of the land surface. Additionally, shading and colouring may be used to highlight height differences. Contour intervals show vertical spacing between lines, helping visualize hills, slopes, valleys, and plains. - Explain the importance of contour interval on a topo sheet.
Contour interval is the vertical height difference between two successive contour lines. It is important because it helps determine the steepness or flatness of terrain. A small contour interval shows detailed relief, useful in hilly areas, while a large contour interval is suited for flat regions. - What is a bench mark and how is it different from a spot height?
A bench mark is a permanent fixed point with a precisely measured elevation above sea level, used as a reference in surveying. Spot height is the elevation of any specific point on the map marked with a dot and height. Bench marks are permanent and reliable for surveys; spot heights are temporary and used for general reference. - Describe the types of settlements shown on topographical sheets.
Settlements are shown as symbols representing clusters of houses. Types include compact settlements where houses are close together; linear settlements arranged along roads, rivers, or railways; and scattered settlements where houses are widely spaced, often in hilly or forested regions. - How can slopes be identified using contour lines?
Slope steepness is indicated by the spacing of contour lines. Closely spaced contour lines mean a steep slope, while widely spaced lines show a gentle slope. The shape of contours also indicates slope direction and features like ridges and valleys. - What is the significance of the profile of a contour feature?
A profile is a side view or cross-section of the landform created by plotting elevations along a line on the map. It helps understand the shape, height, and slope of features like hills and valleys, providing a three-dimensional perspective from a two-dimensional map. - Explain how drainage is represented on a topographical map.
Drainage features such as rivers, streams, and lakes are shown using blue lines or symbols. The pattern and direction of drainage help understand water flow, watershed boundaries, and the nature of the terrain. - How are transport and communication networks depicted on topo sheets?
Roads, railways, tracks, and communication lines are shown using distinct symbols and lines. Different road types may have varied representations, and railways are usually marked with parallel lines. These features indicate connectivity and accessibility. - What information is included in the interpretation of a topographical sheet?
Interpretation involves analyzing general information (name, number, area covered, scale, contour interval), relief features, drainage, natural vegetation, economic activities, transport and communication, and settlements to understand the physical and human geography of the area. - Describe the characteristics and identification of various relief features using contours.
Hills appear as concentric closed loops; valleys show V-shaped contours pointing upstream; ridges have U-shaped contours pointing downhill; depressions are marked by hachured contour lines; slopes are identified by contour spacing. These patterns allow identification of landforms. - What is the role of natural vegetation on a topo sheet?
Natural vegetation is shown in green or by specific symbols, indicating forested areas, grasslands, or cultivated land. This helps understand land use, ecosystem types, and environmental conditions. - Explain how economic activities can be identified on a topographical map.
Economic activities such as farming, mining, and industry may be indicated through symbols or land use patterns. Presence of farms, plantations, mines, or factories is shown to indicate the livelihood of people in the area. - What is the importance of scale on a topographical map?
Scale shows the ratio of map distance to actual ground distance, helping users measure real-world distances. It also indicates the level of detail: larger scale maps show more detail; smaller scale maps cover bigger areas with less detail. - How does the grid system assist in locating places on a topo sheet?
The grid system uses numbered eastings and northings to form grid squares, allowing users to pinpoint locations by referencing grid coordinates. This system is essential for accurate navigation and referencing. - Explain the concept and purpose of spot height on a topographical map.
Spot height marks the exact elevation of a specific point on the map, aiding in understanding terrain height at important locations such as hilltops, road junctions, or landmarks. - Describe compact settlements and their typical locations.
Compact settlements have houses close together, often found in fertile plains, near water sources or towns. They promote social interaction and efficient land use. - What is a scattered settlement and where is it commonly found?
Scattered settlements consist of widely spaced houses, common in hilly, forested, or less fertile regions where farming land is spread out. - Describe linear settlements and their advantages.
Linear settlements develop along roads, rivers, or railways, providing easy access to transportation and communication. They help in efficient distribution of services. - How are contours used to identify a ridge?
A ridge is identified by U or V shaped contour lines pointing downhill, with higher elevations on either side of the ridge. - Explain how valleys are shown using contour lines.
Valleys show V-shaped contours pointing upstream, indicating the direction from which water flows. - What is a contour interval and how does it vary?
The contour interval is the vertical distance between successive contour lines and varies depending on the terrain; smaller intervals are used in hilly areas for accuracy, larger intervals in plains. - How can a hill be distinguished from a depression on a contour map?
A hill is shown by closed contour loops with increasing elevation towards the center, while a depression has hachured contour lines pointing inward indicating a lowering of elevation. - Explain the meaning of ‘interpretation of a topo sheet’.
Interpretation is the process of analyzing map features to understand the physical characteristics, human activities, and land use in the area shown by the topo sheet. - What are the features of a grid system that make it useful?
The grid system’s features include numbered horizontal and vertical lines, forming squares to accurately locate points, facilitating navigation and referencing. - Describe how the latitudinal and longitudinal extent is useful on topo maps.
They provide the geographical position of the area on Earth, helping users relate the map to real-world coordinates. - What types of symbols are used on topographical maps?
Symbols represent natural features like rivers and forests, and man-made features like roads, railways, buildings, and settlements. - Explain the importance of contour lines never crossing each other.
Contour lines never cross because a single point cannot have two different elevations simultaneously, ensuring accuracy in representing terrain. - What is the function of a bench mark in surveying?
Bench marks provide fixed, permanent points of known elevation, serving as references for height measurement in surveys. - How does natural vegetation affect the interpretation of a topo sheet?
It indicates land cover, climate, and possible human activities like forestry or agriculture. - Explain how economic activities can be inferred from a topographical map.
Presence of cultivated fields, mines, factories, or transport lines suggests farming, mining, industry, or trade. - Describe the importance of transport and communication features on topo sheets.
They show connectivity and access, critical for movement of people, goods, and services. - What is the significance of contour lines forming closed loops?
Closed loops generally represent hills or mountains, showing rising elevation towards the center. - How does the profile of a contour feature help in understanding terrain?
It provides a cross-sectional view showing the slope, height, and shape, aiding in visualizing the three-dimensional terrain. - Why is the contour interval constant on a topo sheet?
A constant contour interval ensures consistent representation of elevation changes across the map. - Explain how contour lines indicate a steep slope.
Steep slopes have contour lines placed very close together due to rapid elevation change. - Describe the relationship between drainage patterns and topography.
Drainage follows the slope of the land; thus, topography shapes river courses and drainage networks. - What information is provided in the general information section of a topo sheet?
Name, sheet number, scale, area covered, contour interval, and geographical coordinates. - How are settlements identified on topo sheets?
By symbols like dots or small squares indicating villages, towns, or cities. - What are the common uses of topographical maps?
Navigation, planning, resource management, military operations, and scientific studies. - Explain the significance of scale in choosing a topo sheet for study.
A larger scale map shows more detail for smaller areas; smaller scale covers large areas with less detail. - How does the grid system facilitate military and rescue operations?
By enabling precise location and coordination using grid references. - Describe the features and use of quarter sheets.
Quarter sheets are detailed maps of smaller areas derived from million sheets, useful for local planning. - What is the importance of interpreting transport and communication features on topo sheets?
To assess accessibility, economic potential, and connectivity of an area. - How can spot heights assist hikers or planners?
They provide exact elevation points to plan routes or construction. - Explain the role of contour lines in understanding flood-prone areas.
Flat areas with widely spaced contours near rivers may indicate flood plains. - Summarize the overall importance of topographical maps in geography.
Topographical maps provide comprehensive spatial information on terrain and human features, essential for education, planning, resource management, environmental study, and navigation.
Give Reasons
- Give reason why contour lines never cross each other.
Because a single point on the earth’s surface cannot have two different elevations at the same time. - Give reason why contour lines are closed loops.
Because they represent points of equal elevation surrounding a hill or depression. - Give reason why closely spaced contour lines indicate a steep slope.
Because the elevation changes rapidly over a short horizontal distance. - Give reason why widely spaced contour lines indicate a gentle slope.
Because the elevation changes gradually over a larger horizontal distance. - Give reason why topographical maps use a grid system.
To provide a reference framework for locating places accurately using coordinates. - Give reason why bench marks are important on topo sheets.
They provide fixed reference points of known elevation for accurate surveying. - Give reason why million sheets are divided into quarter sheets.
To provide more detailed maps of smaller areas for precise study. - Give reason why relief features are represented by contour lines on topo sheets.
Because contour lines effectively show the shape and height of landforms. - Give reason why spot heights are marked on topo maps.
To show the exact elevation of specific points like hilltops or road junctions. - Give reason why settlements are shown in different patterns on topo sheets.
Because different settlement types (compact, linear, scattered) have distinct spatial arrangements. - Give reason why linear settlements develop along roads or rivers.
Because these features provide easy access to transport and water resources. - Give reason why scattered settlements are found in hilly areas.
Because terrain and land availability restrict clustering of houses. - Give reason why compact settlements are common in fertile plains.
Because flat land and water availability support dense population. - Give reason why relief is important for understanding an area’s geography.
Because it affects climate, vegetation, drainage, and human activities. - Give reason why scale is important on topographical maps.
It indicates the level of detail and the actual ground area represented by the map. - Give reason why the contour interval is kept constant on a topo sheet.
To maintain uniform representation of elevation changes. - Give reason why natural vegetation is marked on topographical maps.
To show the type of land cover and environmental conditions. - Give reason why transport and communication routes are shown on topo sheets.
To indicate accessibility and connectivity of regions. - Give reason why drainage patterns are important features on topo maps.
They help understand water flow and terrain characteristics. - Give reason why interpreting a topo sheet is useful.
It helps understand the physical and human features of the area. - Give reason why contour lines help identify valleys.
Because they form V-shapes pointing upstream along watercourses. - Give reason why ridges are identified by U-shaped contours pointing downhill.
Because these contours indicate elevated land sloping on both sides. - Give reason why depressions are marked with hachured contour lines.
To show a lowering of elevation enclosed by higher ground. - Give reason why topographical maps are essential for military use.
Because they provide accurate terrain details for strategic planning. - Give reason why grid references are used instead of place names in navigation.
Because grid references are precise and avoid confusion. - Give reason why economic activities are marked on topo sheets.
To show how people use the land for livelihood. - Give reason why contour profiles are drawn from topo maps.
To visualize the side view of terrain and slope steepness. - Give reason why the general information on topo sheets includes latitudinal and longitudinal extent.
To locate the mapped area on the Earth’s surface. - Give reason why contour lines never touch or intersect each other.
Because each contour line represents a unique elevation. - Give reason why the grid system is also called the rectangular coordinate system.
Because it consists of intersecting horizontal and vertical lines forming squares. - Give reason why quarter sheets provide better detail than million sheets.
Because they cover smaller areas at larger scales. - Give reason why topo sheets include symbols for natural and man-made features.
To provide comprehensive spatial information about the area. - Give reason why the scale of a topo map is expressed as a fraction or ratio.
To clearly show the relationship between map distance and actual ground distance. - Give reason why contour lines on flat land are widely spaced.
Because elevation changes very little over distance. - Give reason why contour lines on hills form concentric circles.
Because elevation increases towards the center. - Give reason why transport routes often follow valleys on topo maps.
Because valleys provide gentler slopes and easier routes. - Give reason why spot heights are often shown on road junctions and hilltops.
Because these are important reference points for elevation. - Give reason why natural vegetation patterns help in understanding the climate of an area.
Because vegetation is closely linked to climate conditions. - Give reason why contour interval varies between topo sheets.
To suit the terrain type and map scale. - Give reason why economic activities like farming are often shown near rivers.
Because rivers provide water essential for agriculture. - Give reason why compact settlements promote social interaction.
Because houses are closely spaced facilitating communication. - Give reason why the interpretation of topo sheet 45 D/10 is important.
Because it provides specific details of that mapped area for study or planning. - Give reason why relief affects transport route planning.
Because steep slopes and hills can obstruct roads and railways. - Give reason why bench marks are more reliable than spot heights.
Because bench marks are permanent and precisely measured. - Give reason why contour lines help in flood risk assessment.
Because low-lying areas with gentle slopes near water bodies are prone to flooding. - Give reason why topo sheets are used by planners and engineers.
To design infrastructure by understanding terrain and existing features. - Give reason why settlements on topo sheets can indicate population density.
Because the type and pattern reflect how densely people live. - Give reason why grids on topo sheets are numbered from left to right and bottom to top.
To maintain a consistent referencing system. - Give reason why linear settlements are common along transport lines.
Because easy access encourages building houses along these routes. - Give reason why topographical maps are vital for environmental conservation.
Because they provide data on landforms, vegetation, and water bodies needed for management.
Arrange the Words
Case Studies
- Case Study: A topo sheet shows contour lines very close to each other on the north side of a hill and widely spaced lines on the south side. What does this indicate about the slope on both sides?
Answer: Close contour lines indicate a steep slope on the north side, while widely spaced lines indicate a gentle slope on the south side. - Case Study: On a topo sheet, a grid system is used. Explain how the grid helps in locating a specific point on the map.
Answer: The grid system divides the map into squares with numbered horizontal and vertical lines, allowing accurate location by referencing the intersection of these lines. - Case Study: A settlement pattern on a topo sheet shows houses lined along a river bank. Identify the settlement type and explain why it forms there.
Answer: This is a linear settlement formed along the river due to access to water resources and ease of transportation. - Case Study: A bench mark is found on a topo sheet at an elevation of 500 meters. Explain its importance.
Answer: A bench mark is a fixed reference point with known elevation, used by surveyors to measure heights of surrounding points accurately. - Case Study: The contour interval on a topo sheet is 10 meters. Explain what this means.
Answer: Contour interval of 10 meters means that the vertical distance between consecutive contour lines is 10 meters, representing elevation changes on the ground. - Case Study: A topo sheet shows a ‘V’ shaped contour line pointing upstream. What geographical feature does this represent?
Answer: It represents a valley or a river flowing downhill; the ‘V’ points upstream. - Case Study: On a topo sheet, an area shows scattered settlements on hill slopes. Explain the factors influencing this pattern.
Answer: Scattered settlements occur due to difficult terrain, limited arable land, and the need for homes to be built on stable ground. - Case Study: The scale on a topo sheet is 1:50,000. Explain what this scale signifies.
Answer: It means 1 unit on the map represents 50,000 units on the ground; for example, 1 cm on the map equals 50,000 cm (500 meters) in reality. - Case Study: A topo sheet shows green patches with tree symbols. What does this indicate?
Answer: It indicates natural vegetation or forested areas on the ground. - Case Study: How does the representation of relief on a topo sheet help in planning construction projects?
Answer: Relief representation shows elevation and slope, helping planners avoid steep or unstable areas and select suitable sites for construction. - Case Study: A contour line encloses an area with hachure marks inside it on a topo sheet. What does this signify?
Answer: It indicates a depression or a hollow area below the surrounding ground level. - Case Study: Explain the difference between spot height and bench mark on a topo sheet.
Answer: Spot height is the exact elevation at a specific point, often a peak or summit, while a bench mark is a permanent survey point with a known elevation used for reference. - Case Study: A topo sheet shows a compact settlement near a river plain. What are the advantages of this settlement pattern?
Answer: Advantages include easy access to water, fertile land for agriculture, and efficient use of land with close community ties. - Case Study: Describe how transport and communication features are represented on topo sheets.
Answer: Roads are shown by solid or broken lines, railways by parallel lines with cross-ties, and communication lines by dashed lines or specific symbols. - Case Study: A topo sheet’s contour interval is increased from 10 meters to 20 meters. What effect does this have on the map?
Answer: Increasing contour interval reduces map detail, showing fewer lines and making subtle elevation changes less visible. - Case Study: Explain how to interpret drainage patterns on a topo sheet.
Answer: Drainage patterns show rivers and streams as blue lines; their shape and direction can indicate terrain slope and watershed boundaries. - Case Study: What information can be gathered from the general information section of a topo sheet?
Answer: It provides the sheet name, number, area covered, scale, latitude and longitude extent, and contour interval. - Case Study: Why is it important to understand the types of settlements when reading a topo sheet?
Answer: It helps understand population distribution, land use, and planning needs for infrastructure development. - Case Study: A river on a topo sheet changes direction sharply near a hill. How can contour lines explain this?
Answer: Contour lines show elevation; a hill forces the river to bend to avoid higher ground, causing a sharp directional change. - Case Study: How do natural vegetation and economic activities appear related on topo sheets?
Answer: Areas with dense vegetation often show forest-based economic activities like logging, while cleared areas indicate agriculture or settlements.
Numericals
Numeric problems are not available for this chapter.
Find out free resources that you need.
ICSE
Grade 8
Grade 9
CBSE
Grade 8
Grade 9
Subjects we teach
“Arise, awake, and learn by approaching the excellent teachers”
Shiksha Marg 108 gives you all free resources to ensure you get the best results. Get ready for you ICSE and CBSE exams!.
