Questions & Answers
ICSE - Grade - 9
Subject: History
Chapter - 04 - The Mauryan Empire
Types of Questions
MCQ
- Who was the founder of the Mauryan Empire?
a) Ashoka
b) Bindusara
c) Chandragupta Maurya
d) Kautilya
Answer: c) Chandragupta Maurya - What was the capital of the Mauryan Empire?
a) Ujjain
b) Taxila
c) Pataliputra
d) Magadha
Answer: c) Pataliputra - Who was the author of the Arthashastra?
a) Megasthenes
b) Ashoka
c) Kautilya
d) Bindusara
Answer: c) Kautilya - Indika was written by:
a) Kautilya
b) Megasthenes
c) Ashoka
d) Seleucus
Answer: b) Megasthenes - Ashoka fought the Kalinga War in which year?
a) 273 BCE
b) 261 BCE
c) 232 BCE
d) 297 BCE
Answer: b) 261 BCE - What script was used in Ashoka’s edicts?
a) Sanskrit
b) Pali
c) Brahmi
d) Tamil
Answer: c) Brahmi - Which ruler of the Mauryan dynasty embraced Jainism?
a) Ashoka
b) Chandragupta Maurya
c) Bindusara
d) Kautilya
Answer: b) Chandragupta Maurya - Who was known as Amitrochates to the Greeks?
a) Ashoka
b) Kautilya
c) Bindusara
d) Chandragupta
Answer: c) Bindusara - Ashoka’s son who went to Sri Lanka was:
a) Mahendra
b) Kunala
c) Sushima
d) Devadatta
Answer: a) Mahendra - The primary source of income during Mauryan rule was:
a) Trade tax
b) Land revenue
c) Tribute from kings
d) Salt tax
Answer: b) Land revenue - Ashoka’s inscriptions were mostly written in:
a) Prakrit
b) Sanskrit
c) Tamil
d) Pali
Answer: a) Prakrit - The Sanchi Stupa is located in:
a) Gujarat
b) Odisha
c) Uttar Pradesh
d) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: d) Madhya Pradesh - The royal princes who governed provinces were called:
a) Rajukas
b) Kumaras
c) Sthanikas
d) Amatyas
Answer: b) Kumaras - City administration was headed by:
a) Nagaradhyaksha
b) Rajuka
c) Gopa
d) Mahamatya
Answer: a) Nagaradhyaksha - Ashoka appointed special officers called:
a) Gopas
b) Mahamatras
c) Rajukas
d) Sthanikas
Answer: b) Mahamatras - What does Dhamma mean?
a) Conquest
b) Morality and ethics
c) Religion
d) Jainism
Answer: b) Morality and ethics - Chandragupta defeated which Greek ruler?
a) Alexander
b) Antiochus
c) Seleucus Nicator
d) Darius
Answer: c) Seleucus Nicator - Rajukas were responsible for:
a) Military training
b) Religious rituals
c) District administration
d) Architecture
Answer: c) District administration - Which Mauryan king sent Buddhist missions abroad?
a) Bindusara
b) Ashoka
c) Chandragupta
d) Kautilya
Answer: b) Ashoka - The chief city of Ashoka’s empire was:
a) Taxila
b) Suvarnagiri
c) Ujjain
d) Pataliputra
Answer: d) Pataliputra - Ashoka’s daughter sent to Sri Lanka was:
a) Sujata
b) Sanghamitra
c) Padmavati
d) Yasodhara
Answer: b) Sanghamitra - Who maintained law and order in districts?
a) Mahamatras
b) Rajukas
c) Amatyas
d) Kumaras
Answer: b) Rajukas - Which ruler is associated with the concept of Dhamma Vijay?
a) Chandragupta
b) Ashoka
c) Bindusara
d) Bimbisara
Answer: b) Ashoka - Who among the following embraced Buddhism after a war?
a) Bindusara
b) Ashoka
c) Chandragupta
d) Alexander
Answer: b) Ashoka - The purpose of Dhamma was to:
a) Expand empire
b) Control enemies
c) Promote ethical living
d) Conduct sacrifices
Answer: c) Promote ethical living - Gopa and Sthanika were involved in:
a) Warfare
b) Trade
c) Tax collection
d) Religious duties
Answer: c) Tax collection - Which book provides a detailed account of Mauryan governance?
a) Rig Veda
b) Arthashastra
c) Ramayana
d) Indika
Answer: b) Arthashastra - Ashoka’s edicts promote:
a) Rituals
b) Dhamma
c) Jainism
d) Social inequality
Answer: b) Dhamma - The Mauryan army did not consist of:
a) Infantry
b) Cavalry
c) Elephants
d) Aircrafts
Answer: d) Aircrafts - Dhamma Mahamatras were appointed to:
a) Collect taxes
b) Teach Vedas
c) Spread Dhamma and supervise welfare
d) Lead armies
Answer: c) Spread Dhamma and supervise welfare - Which Mauryan ruler is most well-known today?
a) Bindusara
b) Ashoka
c) Chandragupta
d) Harsha
Answer: b) Ashoka - Ashoka’s inscriptions are found in:
a) Caves only
b) Rocks and pillars
c) Books
d) Coins
Answer: b) Rocks and pillars - The policy of Dhamma Vijay means:
a) Conquest by violence
b) Economic domination
c) Conquest through morals
d) Religious conversion
Answer: c) Conquest through morals - Megasthenes visited India during the reign of:
a) Ashoka
b) Bindusara
c) Chandragupta
d) Harshavardhana
Answer: c) Chandragupta - The Mauryan Empire was divided into:
a) Villages
b) Provinces
c) Republics
d) Janapadas
Answer: b) Provinces - The spy system in Mauryan Empire was called:
a) Sthanika
b) Mahamatras
c) Gudhapurushas
d) Kumaras
Answer: c) Gudhapurushas - Taxila was a provincial capital under:
a) Gupta Empire
b) Mauryan Empire
c) Mughal Empire
d) Chola Empire
Answer: b) Mauryan Empire - Ashoka’s welfare measures included all except:
a) Hospitals
b) Rest houses
c) Forts
d) Wells
Answer: c) Forts - Ashoka’s Dhamma discouraged:
a) Animal sacrifice
b) Kindness
c) Respect for elders
d) Religious tolerance
Answer: a) Animal sacrifice - The Mauryan period lasted till:
a) 100 CE
b) 185 BCE
c) 321 BCE
d) 200 BCE
Answer: b) 185 BCE - Who guided Chandragupta in administration?
a) Megasthenes
b) Ashoka
c) Kautilya
d) Bimbisara
Answer: c) Kautilya - The Mauryan army was maintained by:
a) Priests
b) Rajukas
c) War Office
d) Traders
Answer: c) War Office - The greatest extent of Mauryan Empire was under:
a) Bindusara
b) Ashoka
c) Chandragupta
d) Kautilya
Answer: b) Ashoka - Ashoka’s inscriptions mainly aimed to:
a) Record victories
b) Show laws
c) Spread Dhamma
d) List taxes
Answer: c) Spread Dhamma - The Arthashastra recommends use of:
a) Poetry
b) Espionage
c) Temples
d) Music
Answer: b) Espionage - Ashoka’s rule is best remembered for:
a) Military might
b) Dhamma policy
c) Economic reforms
d) Expansion
Answer: b) Dhamma policy - Mauryan administration was:
a) Feudal
b) Tribal
c) Centralised
d) Democratic
Answer: c) Centralised - Which one was not a duty of Nagaradhyaksha?
a) City policing
b) Trade regulation
c) Religious preaching
d) Sanitation
Answer: c) Religious preaching - Ashoka’s inscriptions were mostly written in:
a) Devanagari
b) Greek
c) Brahmi
d) Latin
Answer: c) Brahmi - The Mauryan Empire was succeeded by the:
a) Kushanas
b) Guptas
c) Sunga Dynasty
d) Mughals
Answer: c) Sunga Dynasty
Fill in the Blanks
- The Mauryan Empire was founded by ________ in 322 BCE.
Answer: Chandragupta Maurya - The capital of the Mauryan Empire was ________.
Answer: Pataliputra - ________ was the chief advisor of Chandragupta Maurya.
Answer: Kautilya - The book Arthashastra was written by ________.
Answer: Kautilya - The Greek ambassador to Chandragupta’s court was ________.
Answer: Megasthenes - The book written by Megasthenes was called ________.
Answer: Indika - The most famous Mauryan ruler was ________.
Answer: Ashoka - Ashoka fought the Kalinga War in the year ________.
Answer: 261 BCE - The Kalinga War was fought against the kingdom of ________.
Answer: Kalinga - After the Kalinga War, Ashoka adopted the policy of ________.
Answer: Dhamma Vijay - Ashoka’s inscriptions were written in the ________ script.
Answer: Brahmi - The language used in Ashoka’s inscriptions was ________.
Answer: Prakrit - The Buddhist monument built by Ashoka is called the ________ Stupa.
Answer: Sanchi - Ashoka sent his son ________ to spread Buddhism in Sri Lanka.
Answer: Mahendra - Ashoka’s daughter ________ also went to Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism.
Answer: Sanghamitra - The district officials in the Mauryan administration were called ________.
Answer: Rajukas - The provincial governors were known as ________.
Answer: Kumaras - City administration was managed by the ________.
Answer: Nagaradhyaksha - Land revenue during the Mauryan period was collected by ________ and Sthanika.
Answer: Gopa - The chief source of income for the Mauryan Empire was ________.
Answer: Land revenue - The Mauryan army included infantry, cavalry, elephants, and ________.
Answer: Chariots - The spy system in the Mauryan Empire was known as ________.
Answer: Gudhapurushas - The moral and ethical policy introduced by Ashoka was called ________.
Answer: Dhamma - Ashoka appointed officers called ________ to propagate Dhamma.
Answer: Dhamma Mahamatras - The religion embraced by Ashoka after the Kalinga War was ________.
Answer: Buddhism - The Mauryan Empire lasted till ________ BCE.
Answer: 185 BCE - The inscriptions of Ashoka are found on rocks, caves, and ________.
Answer: Pillars - The Greek name for Bindusara was ________.
Answer: Amitrochates - The Arthashastra provides detailed information about Mauryan ________.
Answer: Administration - Chandragupta Maurya defeated the Greek ruler ________.
Answer: Seleucus Nicator - The empire was divided into provinces called ________.
Answer: Janapadas - Ashoka’s Dhamma promoted religious ________.
Answer: Tolerance - Ashoka discouraged animal ________ in his Dhamma.
Answer: Sacrifice - The main provincial capitals included Ujjain, Taxila, Tosali, and ________.
Answer: Suvarnagiri - The official who looked after trade in cities was the ________.
Answer: Nagaradhyaksha - Ashoka’s policy was aimed at ensuring the ________ of his people.
Answer: Welfare - The Mauryan administration was highly ________ in nature.
Answer: Centralised - ________ was Chandragupta Maurya’s spiritual teacher and political guide.
Answer: Kautilya - In his later life, Chandragupta Maurya embraced ________.
Answer: Jainism - Chandragupta Maurya spent his last years at ________ in Karnataka.
Answer: Shravanabelagola - The Mauryan army was maintained by a special department called the ________.
Answer: War Office - The war against Kalinga caused massive ________ and destruction.
Answer: Bloodshed - The language of the people during the Mauryan period was ________.
Answer: Prakrit - The Mauryan Empire unified a large part of the ________ subcontinent.
Answer: Indian - The Mauryan administration was guided by the principles of the ________.
Answer: Arthashastra - Ashoka’s Dhamma emphasised respect for elders and ________.
Answer: Tolerance - Ashoka’s rule is a model of ________ governance in ancient history.
Answer: Ethical - Ashoka renounced the path of war and followed the path of ________.
Answer: Peace - Ashoka’s welfare measures included construction of hospitals and ________.
Answer: Rest houses - The Mauryan Empire was succeeded by the ________ Dynasty.
Answer: Sunga
Name the Following
- Name the founder of the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: Chandragupta Maurya - Name the chief advisor and mentor of Chandragupta Maurya.
Answer: Kautilya (Chanakya) - Name the capital of the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: Pataliputra - Name the Greek ambassador in Chandragupta Maurya’s court.
Answer: Megasthenes - Name the book written by Kautilya.
Answer: Arthashastra - Name the book written by Megasthenes.
Answer: Indika - Name the most illustrious ruler of the Mauryan dynasty.
Answer: Ashoka - Name the war that changed Ashoka’s life.
Answer: Kalinga War - Name the year in which the Kalinga War was fought.
Answer: 261 BCE - Name the script used in Ashoka’s inscriptions.
Answer: Brahmi - Name the language used in most of Ashoka’s edicts.
Answer: Prakrit - Name the Buddhist monument built by Ashoka in Madhya Pradesh.
Answer: Sanchi Stupa - Name Ashoka’s son who went to Sri Lanka.
Answer: Mahendra - Name Ashoka’s daughter who also went to Sri Lanka.
Answer: Sanghamitra - Name the ruler who embraced Jainism in his later life.
Answer: Chandragupta Maurya - Name the place where Chandragupta Maurya spent his last years.
Answer: Shravanabelagola - Name the king who extended the Mauryan Empire to the south.
Answer: Bindusara - Name the Greek king defeated by Chandragupta Maurya.
Answer: Seleucus Nicator - Name the Greek title given to Bindusara.
Answer: Amitrochates - Name Ashoka’s policy of conquest through moral teachings.
Answer: Dhamma Vijay - Name the policy introduced by Ashoka for moral and social welfare.
Answer: Dhamma - Name the officers appointed by Ashoka to spread Dhamma.
Answer: Dhamma Mahamatras - Name the officers who looked after district administration.
Answer: Rajukas - Name the governors of provinces in the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: Kumaras - Name the officer in charge of city administration.
Answer: Nagaradhyaksha - Name the officers responsible for collecting land revenue.
Answer: Gopa and Sthanika - Name the secret agents used in the Mauryan spy system.
Answer: Gudhapurushas - Name the main source of revenue during Mauryan rule.
Answer: Land revenue - Name the four divisions of the Mauryan army.
Answer: Infantry, cavalry, elephants, chariots - Name the office responsible for maintaining the army.
Answer: War Office - Name any one provincial capital of the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: Ujjain / Taxila / Tosali / Suvarnagiri (any one) - Name the author of the Arthashastra.
Answer: Kautilya - Name the religion embraced by Ashoka after the Kalinga War.
Answer: Buddhism - Name the script in which Ashoka’s edicts were not written.
Answer: Devanagari - Name the region Ashoka conquered which led to massive bloodshed.
Answer: Kalinga - Name the dynasty that succeeded the Mauryas.
Answer: Sunga Dynasty - Name the capital city described in detail by Megasthenes.
Answer: Pataliputra - Name the primary aim of Ashoka’s Dhamma.
Answer: Moral upliftment and social harmony - Name the ethical principle that discouraged animal sacrifice.
Answer: Dhamma - Name the official responsible for trade and market regulation.
Answer: Nagaradhyaksha - Name the language used in most of the inscriptions by Ashoka.
Answer: Prakrit - Name the pillar edict that contains Ashoka’s message to his subjects.
Answer: Ashokan Edicts - Name the administrative system that existed during the Mauryan period.
Answer: Centralised administration - Name the book that gives details about the Mauryan administration.
Answer: Arthashastra - Name the empire that was first to unify most of the Indian subcontinent.
Answer: Mauryan Empire - Name the philosophy promoted by Ashoka after embracing Buddhism.
Answer: Dhamma - Name the ruler who sent Buddhist missionaries outside India.
Answer: Ashoka - Name the official who supervised law and order in cities.
Answer: Nagaradhyaksha - Name the ancient text that discusses espionage and secret agents.
Answer: Arthashastra - Name the island nation where Ashoka sent his children to spread Buddhism.
Answer: Sri Lanka
Answer in One Word
- Who founded the Mauryan Empire?
Answer: Chandragupta - Who guided Chandragupta in administration and politics?
Answer: Kautilya - What was the capital of the Mauryan Empire?
Answer: Pataliputra - Who was the Greek ambassador to Chandragupta’s court?
Answer: Megasthenes - Who wrote the Arthashastra?
Answer: Kautilya - Which book did Megasthenes write?
Answer: Indika - Who was the most famous Mauryan ruler?
Answer: Ashoka - In which year was the Kalinga War fought?
Answer: 261 BCE - Which script was used in Ashoka’s inscriptions?
Answer: Brahmi - What language was used in most Ashokan edicts?
Answer: Prakrit - What is the name of Ashoka’s moral code?
Answer: Dhamma - Who was Ashoka’s son who went to Sri Lanka?
Answer: Mahendra - Who was Ashoka’s daughter who went to Sri Lanka?
Answer: Sanghamitra - Which province had Taxila as its capital?
Answer: North-Western - Who collected land revenue during Mauryan rule?
Answer: Gopa - Who was the city administrator?
Answer: Nagaradhyaksha - Who were the district officers?
Answer: Rajukas - Who governed the provinces?
Answer: Kumaras - What was the chief source of revenue?
Answer: Agriculture - What was the spy in Mauryan administration called?
Answer: Gudhapurusha - Which Mauryan ruler embraced Jainism?
Answer: Chandragupta - Where did Chandragupta spend his last years?
Answer: Shravanabelagola - Who succeeded Chandragupta Maurya?
Answer: Bindusara - What was the Greek name for Bindusara?
Answer: Amitrochates - What term did Ashoka use for conquest through Dhamma?
Answer: Dhamma Vijay - Which religion did Ashoka follow after the Kalinga War?
Answer: Buddhism - Name the monument built by Ashoka in Madhya Pradesh.
Answer: Sanchi - Who appointed Dhamma Mahamatras?
Answer: Ashoka - What was the primary language of administration?
Answer: Prakrit - What was the administrative structure of the Mauryas?
Answer: Centralised - What type of government did the Mauryas have?
Answer: Monarchy - What was Ashoka’s method of spreading Dhamma?
Answer: Edicts - Who was known as the destroyer of enemies?
Answer: Bindusara - What office maintained the army?
Answer: War Office - What were Ashoka’s pillar inscriptions mainly about?
Answer: Dhamma - Name one major provincial city besides Taxila.
Answer: Ujjain - What dynasty followed the Mauryas?
Answer: Sunga - Who inspired Chandragupta’s revolt against the Nandas?
Answer: Kautilya - What is the Prakrit word for secret agent?
Answer: Gudhapurusha - What was the basic administrative unit called?
Answer: District - What office looked after trade in cities?
Answer: Nagaradhyaksha - What did Ashoka ban to promote non-violence?
Answer: Animal sacrifice - Who unified most of the Indian subcontinent?
Answer: Ashoka - What type of warfare did Ashoka reject?
Answer: Violence - What kind of rule did Ashoka promote after Kalinga?
Answer: Ethical - Where were Ashoka’s messages engraved?
Answer: Pillars - What was the religion promoted by Ashoka?
Answer: Buddhism - What title did Ashoka earn for his moral rule?
Answer: Dhamma Ashoka - What was the name of the army division using horses?
Answer: Cavalry - What did Ashoka encourage among all religious sects?
Answer: Tolerance
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All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Measurement and Experimentation
- Chapter 2 Motion in one dimension
- Chapter 3 Laws of Motion
- Chapter 4 Pressure in fluids and Atmospheric pressure
- Chapter 5 Upthrust in Fluids, Archimedes’ Principle and Floatation
- Chapter 6 Heat and energy
- Chapter 7 Reflection of light
- Chapter 8 Propagation of Sound waves
- Chapter 9 Current Electricity
- Chapter 10 Magnetism
ICSE - Grade 9 - Chemistry
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 The Language of Chemistry
- Chapter 2 Chemical Changes and Reactions
- Chapter 3 Water
- Chapter 4 Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
- Chapter 5 The periodic table
- Chapter 6 Study of the first Element Hydrogen
- Chapter 7 Study of Gas laws
- Chapter 8 Atmospheric Pollution
ICSE - Grade 9 - Mathematics
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Rational and Irrational Numbers
- Chapter 2 Compound Interest [Without Using Formula]
- Chapter 3 Compound Interest [Using Formula]
- Chapter 4 Expansions
- Chapter 5 Factorisation
- Chapter 6 Simultaneous Equations
- Chapter 7 Indices
- Chapter 8 Logarithms
- Chapter 9 Triangles
- Chapter 10 Isosceles Triangles
- Chapter 11 Inequalities
- Chapter 12 Midpoint and Its Converse
- Chapter 13 Pythagoras Theorem
- Chapter 14 Rectilinear Figures
- Chapter 15 Construction of Polygons
- Chapter 16 Area Theorems
- Chapter 17 Circle
- Chapter 18 Statistics
- Chapter 19 Mean and Median
- Chapter 20 Area and Perimeter of Plane Figures
- Chapter 21 Solids
- Chapter 22 Trigonometrical Ratios
- Chapter 23 Trigonometrical Ratios of Standard Angles
- Chapter 24 Solutions of Right Triangles
- Chapter 25 Complementary Angles
- Chapter 26 Coordinate Geometry
- Chapter 27 Graphical Solution
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ICSE - Grade 9 - Biology
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Introducing Biology
- Chapter 2 Cell: The Unit Of Life
- Chapter 3 Tissues: Plant And Animal Tissue
- Chapter 4 The Flower
- Chapter 5 Pollination and Fertilization
- Chapter 6 Seeds: Structure and Germination
- Chapter 7 Respiration in Plants
- Chapter 8 Five Kingdom Classification
- Chapter 9 Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
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ICSE - Grade 9 - History
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 – The Harappan Civilisation
- Chapter 2 – The Vedic Period
- Chapter 3 – Jainism and Buddhism
- Chapter 4 – The Mauryan Empire
- History — Chapter 5
The Sangam Age - Chapter 6 – The Age of the Guptas
- Chapter 7 – Medieval India — (A) The Cholas
- Chapter 8 – Medieval India — (B) The Delhi Sultanate
- Chapter 9 – Medieval India — (C) The Mughal Empire
- Chapter 10 – Medieval India — (D) Composite Culture
- Chapter 11 – The Modern Age in Europe — (A) Renaissance
- Chapter 12 – The Modern Age in Europe — (B) Reformation
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All Chapters
- Chapter 1: Our Constitution
- Chapter 2: Salient Features of the Constitution — I
- Chapter 3: Salient Features of the
- Constitution — II
- Chapter 4: Elections
- Chapter 5: Local Self-Government — Rural
- Chapter 6: Local Self-Government — Urban
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All Chapters
- Ch 1 – Earth as a Planet
Ch 2 – Geographic Grid: Latitudes and Longitudes
Ch 3 – Rotation and Revolution
Ch 4 – Earth’s Structure
Ch 5 – Landforms of the Earth
Ch 6 – Rocks
Ch 7 – Volcanoes
Ch 8 – Earthquakes
Ch 9 – Weathering
Ch 10 – Denudation
Ch 11 – Hydrosphere
Ch 12 – Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere
Ch 13 – Insolation
Ch 14 – Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
Ch 15 – Humidity
Ch 16 – Pollution
Ch 17 – Sources of Pollution
Ch 18 – Effects of Pollution
Ch 19 – Preventive Measures
Ch 20 – Natural Regions of the World
Find the Odd Man Out
- Chandragupta, Bindusara, Ashoka, Harshavardhana
Answer: Harshavardhana
Explanation: He was not a Mauryan ruler; he belonged to a later dynasty. - Pataliputra, Taxila, Ujjain, Ajmer
Answer: Ajmer
Explanation: Ajmer was not a provincial capital under the Mauryas. - Mahendra, Sanghamitra, Kautilya, Ashoka
Answer: Kautilya
Explanation: Kautilya was a mentor, not a family member of Ashoka. - Prakrit, Brahmi, Pali, Devanagari
Answer: Devanagari
Explanation: Devanagari was not used in Ashoka’s inscriptions. - Infantry, Cavalry, Chariots, Air Force
Answer: Air Force
Explanation: Air Force didn’t exist during ancient times. - Rajukas, Gopa, Nagaradhyaksha, Mahabharata
Answer: Mahabharata
Explanation: Mahabharata is a literary epic, not an administrative officer. - Sanchi Stupa, Ashokan Pillars, Ajanta Caves, Edicts of Ashoka
Answer: Ajanta Caves
Explanation: Ajanta Caves belong to a later period. - Megasthenes, Seleucus, Ashoka, Chandragupta
Answer: Seleucus
Explanation: He was a Greek general, not a Mauryan personality. - Buddhism, Jainism, Dhamma, Zoroastrianism
Answer: Zoroastrianism
Explanation: It was not practiced or promoted by the Mauryans. - Taxila, Ujjain, Tosali, Hastinapur
Answer: Hastinapur
Explanation: Hastinapur was not a Mauryan administrative centre. - War Office, Revenue Office, Ritual Office, Council of Ministers
Answer: Ritual Office
Explanation: No such office existed in Mauryan administration. - Dhamma, Dharma, Ethics, Violence
Answer: Violence
Explanation: Ashoka’s Dhamma promoted non-violence. - Sanghamitra, Mahendra, Dhamma, Chola
Answer: Chola
Explanation: Cholas were not part of Mauryan history. - Bindusara, Ashoka, Chandragupta, Akbar
Answer: Akbar
Explanation: He was a Mughal ruler, not Mauryan. - Seleucus, Antiochus, Darius, Kautilya
Answer: Kautilya
Explanation: Others were foreign rulers; Kautilya was Indian. - Kumaras, Rajukas, Mahamatras, Vedas
Answer: Vedas
Explanation: Vedas are religious texts, not administrative roles. - Ashoka, Bimbisara, Chandragupta, Bindusara
Answer: Bimbisara
Explanation: He ruled the Haryanka dynasty before the Mauryas. - Edicts, Inscriptions, Temples, Pillars
Answer: Temples
Explanation: Temples were not a major source of Mauryan history. - Mahendra, Sanghamitra, Suvarnagiri, Tughlaq
Answer: Tughlaq
Explanation: Tughlaq was a Delhi Sultanate ruler. - Arthashastra, Indika, Manusmriti, Edicts
Answer: Manusmriti
Explanation: Manusmriti is not a Mauryan-era source. - Chariots, Elephants, Infantry, Helicopters
Answer: Helicopters
Explanation: Helicopters are modern and not historical. - Peace, Welfare, Dharma, Warfare
Answer: Warfare
Explanation: Ashoka rejected warfare after the Kalinga War. - Ashoka, Mahendra, Kautilya, Buddha
Answer: Buddha
Explanation: Buddha lived before the Mauryan period. - Shravanabelagola, Sanchi, Kalinga, Lanka
Answer: Kalinga
Explanation: Kalinga was a battlefield, not a religious site. - Maurya, Sunga, Gupta, Kushan
Answer: Maurya
Explanation: Others came after the Mauryan period. - Ethics, Morality, Rituals, Compassion
Answer: Rituals
Explanation: Dhamma discouraged rituals. - Ashoka, Bindusara, Chandragupta, Ajatashatru
Answer: Ajatashatru
Explanation: He ruled Magadha before the Mauryan dynasty. - Ujjain, Suvarnagiri, Tosali, Ayodhya
Answer: Ayodhya
Explanation: Ayodhya was not a Mauryan capital or centre. - Rajukas, Kumaras, Mauryas, Sthanikas
Answer: Mauryas
Explanation: Mauryas were rulers, not officials. - Chandragupta, Kautilya, Rajukas, Gandhi
Answer: Gandhi
Explanation: Gandhi was a modern figure. - Kalinga, Sanchi, Lanka, Athens
Answer: Athens
Explanation: Athens is a foreign city. - Gopa, Sthanika, Amatya, Sangha
Answer: Sangha
Explanation: Sangha is religious; others are officials. - Dhamma Vijay, War Office, Mahamatra, Dharma Yudh
Answer: Dharma Yudh
Explanation: Dharma Yudh is a Vedic concept. - Nagaradhyaksha, Rajuka, Mahamatra, Brahman
Answer: Brahman
Explanation: Brahman is a caste, not an administrative officer. - Pillars, Rocks, Caves, Palaces
Answer: Palaces
Explanation: Ashokan inscriptions were not on palaces. - Ceylon, Burma, China, Arabia
Answer: Arabia
Explanation: No Buddhist missions were sent to Arabia. - Ashoka, Kanishka, Chandragupta, Bindusara
Answer: Kanishka
Explanation: Kanishka belonged to the Kushan dynasty. - Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism, Christianity
Answer: Christianity
Explanation: It was not present in ancient India. - Land tax, Customs duty, Road toll, Corporate tax
Answer: Corporate tax
Explanation: Corporate tax is a modern concept. - Tolerance, Compassion, Kindness, Punishment
Answer: Punishment
Explanation: Dhamma focused on non-punitive values. - Mahendra, Sanghamitra, Suvarnagiri, Napoleon
Answer: Napoleon
Explanation: Napoleon was a European general. - Edicts, Rock inscriptions, Temples, Pillars
Answer: Temples
Explanation: Temples are not part of Ashokan inscriptions. - Dharma, Dhamma, Morality, Revenge
Answer: Revenge
Explanation: Dhamma opposed revenge. - Lanka, Burma, Gujarat, Tibet
Answer: Tibet
Explanation: No missions were sent to Tibet. - Ethics, Morality, Dhamma, Violence
Answer: Violence
Explanation: Violence was condemned by Ashoka. - Ashoka, Chandragupta, Bindusara, Vikramaditya
Answer: Vikramaditya
Explanation: He belonged to the Gupta period. - Brahmi, Prakrit, Greek, Urdu
Answer: Urdu
Explanation: Urdu emerged in medieval India. - Edicts, Temples, Pillars, Caves
Answer: Temples
Explanation: Edicts were not inscribed on temples. - Indika, Arthashastra, Manusmriti, Edicts
Answer: Manusmriti
Explanation: Manusmriti was not a Mauryan text. - Ashoka, Sanghamitra, Mahendra, Aryabhata
Answer: Aryabhata
Explanation: Aryabhata was a Gupta-era mathematician.
Match the Pair
Set 1 – Match the Pairs
Column A:
- Chandragupta Maurya
- Ashoka
- Kautilya
- Megasthenes
- Bindusara
Column B (Shuffled):
a) Arthashastra
b) Kalinga War
c) Founder of Mauryan Empire
d) Greek ambassador
e) Known as Amitrochates
Correct Answers:
1 → c
2 → b
3 → a
4 → d
5 → e
Set 2 – Match the Pairs
Column A:
- Arthashastra
- Indika
- Sanchi Stupa
- Dhamma
- Pillar Edicts
Column B (Shuffled):
a) Moral code by Ashoka
b) Written by Megasthenes
c) Ashokan inscriptions
d) Built by Ashoka
e) Treatise by Kautilya
Correct Answers:
1 → e
2 → b
3 → d
4 → a
5 → c
Set 3 – Match the Pairs
Column A:
- Gopa
- Rajuka
- Kumaras
- Nagaradhyaksha
- Mahamatras
Column B (Shuffled):
a) District officers
b) Revenue collectors
c) Ashoka’s welfare officers
d) Governors of provinces
e) City administration head
Correct Answers:
1 → b
2 → a
3 → d
4 → e
5 → c
Set 4 – Match the Pairs
Column A:
- Shravanabelagola
- Sthanikas
- War Office
- Infantry
- Cavalry
Column B (Shuffled):
a) Tax collection
b) Horse riders
c) Foot soldiers
d) Maintained army
e) Chandragupta’s last years
Correct Answers:
1 → e
2 → a
3 → d
4 → c
5 → b
Set 5 – Match the Pairs
Column A:
- Taxila
- Tosali
- Ujjain
- Suvarnagiri
- Pataliputra
Column B (Shuffled):
a) Mauryan capital
b) Southern province
c) Central province
d) Eastern province
e) Northwestern province
Correct Answers:
1 → e
2 → d
3 → c
4 → b
5 → a
Set 6 – Match the Pairs
Column A:
- Seleucus Nicator
- Mahendra
- Sanghamitra
- Lanka
- Buddhism
Column B (Shuffled):
a) Religion adopted by Ashoka
b) Ashoka’s daughter
c) Greek king defeated by Chandragupta
d) Country to which Buddhism was spread
e) Ashoka’s son
Correct Answers:
1 → c
2 → e
3 → b
4 → d
5 → a
Set 7 – Match the Pairs
Column A:
- Dhamma Vijay
- Dhamma Mahamatras
- Brahmi
- Prakrit
- Pillars
Column B (Shuffled):
a) Language used in edicts
b) Officers to propagate ethics
c) Script of Ashokan inscriptions
d) Carved with messages of Dhamma
e) Moral conquest
Correct Answers:
1 → e
2 → b
3 → c
4 → a
5 → d
Set 8 – Match the Pairs
Column A:
- Council of Ministers
- Amatyas
- Gudhapurushas
- Arthashastra
- Buddhism
Column B (Shuffled):
a) Promoted by Ashoka
b) Espionage treatise
c) Secret agents
d) Administrative officers
e) Advisory body
Correct Answers:
1 → e
2 → d
3 → c
4 → b
5 → a
Set 9 – Match the Pairs
Column A:
- Land Revenue
- One-sixth produce
- Custom duties
- Profession tax
- Revenue Department
Column B (Shuffled):
a) Main income of Mauryan state
b) Tax on imported goods
c) Headed by Amatyas
d) Tax paid by artisans
e) Official share of harvest
Correct Answers:
1 → a
2 → e
3 → b
4 → d
5 → c
Set 10 – Match the Pairs
Column A:
- Non-violence
- Public welfare
- Respect for elders
- Tolerance
- Simplicity
Column B (Shuffled):
a) Dhamma principle promoting harmony
b) Shown in hospitals and roads
c) Opposite of cruelty and war
d) Ashoka’s ethical teaching
e) Emphasised in Dhamma
Correct Answers:
1 → c
2 → b
3 → d
4 → a
5 → e
Short Answer Questions
- Who founded the Mauryan Empire?
Answer: Chandragupta Maurya founded the Mauryan Empire in 322 BCE. - Who was the chief advisor of Chandragupta Maurya?
Answer: Kautilya (Chanakya) was the chief advisor of Chandragupta. - What was the capital of the Mauryan Empire?
Answer: The capital was Pataliputra. - Who wrote the Arthashastra?
Answer: Kautilya wrote the Arthashastra. - What is the Arthashastra about?
Answer: It is a treatise on administration, politics, economy, and military affairs. - Who was Megasthenes?
Answer: Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador to Chandragupta’s court. - What book did Megasthenes write?
Answer: He wrote a book called Indika. - Who was Bindusara?
Answer: Bindusara was the son and successor of Chandragupta Maurya. - What name did the Greeks give to Bindusara?
Answer: They called him Amitrochates, meaning ‘Slayer of Enemies’. - Who was the most famous Mauryan emperor?
Answer: Ashoka was the most famous Mauryan ruler. - When was the Kalinga War fought?
Answer: The Kalinga War was fought in 261 BCE. - Why did Ashoka adopt Dhamma?
Answer: He adopted Dhamma after witnessing the bloodshed in the Kalinga War. - What does Dhamma mean?
Answer: Dhamma means a code of moral and ethical conduct. - What was Ashoka’s policy after the Kalinga War?
Answer: He followed the policy of Dhamma Vijay or conquest through Dhamma. - Who were Mahendra and Sanghamitra?
Answer: Mahendra and Sanghamitra were Ashoka’s son and daughter. - Where did Ashoka send Mahendra and Sanghamitra?
Answer: He sent them to Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism. - Which language was used in Ashoka’s inscriptions?
Answer: Prakrit was the language used. - Which script was used in Ashoka’s edicts?
Answer: Brahmi script was used. - What is the Sanchi Stupa?
Answer: It is a Buddhist monument built by Ashoka in Madhya Pradesh. - What was the main aim of Ashoka’s Dhamma?
Answer: Its aim was to promote harmony, peace, and moral values. - Name two officials responsible for revenue collection.
Answer: Gopa and Sthanikas were responsible for collecting revenue. - Who were Rajukas?
Answer: Rajukas were district officers with administrative and judicial duties. - Who were Kumaras?
Answer: Kumaras were provincial governors, usually royal princes. - Who looked after city administration?
Answer: The Nagaradhyaksha managed city administration. - What was the main source of revenue for the Mauryan Empire?
Answer: Land revenue was the main source. - What share of produce was collected as tax?
Answer: One-fourth to one-sixth of the produce was collected. - What did the War Office do?
Answer: The War Office managed the Mauryan army. - Name the four divisions of the Mauryan army.
Answer: Infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots. - Who maintained the spy system?
Answer: The emperor maintained the spy system through Gudhapurushas. - Who wrote messages of Dhamma?
Answer: Ashoka wrote them in his edicts. - On what materials were Ashoka’s edicts inscribed?
Answer: They were inscribed on rocks, caves, and pillars. - Where did Chandragupta Maurya spend his last days?
Answer: At Shravanabelagola in Karnataka. - What religion did Chandragupta Maurya adopt in his later life?
Answer: He adopted Jainism. - Which religion did Ashoka adopt after the Kalinga War?
Answer: He adopted Buddhism. - What was Ashoka’s view on other religions?
Answer: He promoted religious tolerance and respect. - What was the role of Dhamma Mahamatras?
Answer: They were officials appointed to spread Dhamma and oversee welfare. - Name one province of the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: Ujjain was one of the provinces. - What was the significance of the Kalinga War?
Answer: It led Ashoka to abandon violence and adopt Dhamma. - Name the dynasty that came after the Mauryas.
Answer: The Sunga Dynasty succeeded the Mauryas. - Who defeated Seleucus Nicator?
Answer: Chandragupta Maurya defeated Seleucus. - What did Ashoka do for public welfare?
Answer: He built hospitals, rest houses, and dug wells. - What was Ashoka’s attitude towards animal life?
Answer: He preached kindness and banned animal sacrifices. - What role did Amatyas play?
Answer: Amatyas were ministers and administrative officers. - What was the extent of Ashoka’s empire?
Answer: It stretched from Afghanistan to Karnataka and from Bengal to Gujarat. - Why is Ashoka remembered in history?
Answer: For his moral governance and promotion of Buddhism. - Who was Devanampiya?
Answer: Ashoka was called Devanampiya, meaning ‘Beloved of the Gods’. - What is the importance of the Arthashastra?
Answer: It provides detailed information on Mauryan administration. - Name one foreign ruler mentioned in the chapter.
Answer: Seleucus Nicator is mentioned. - Name the officer who regulated trade in cities.
Answer: Nagaradhyaksha regulated trade. - What is the legacy of the Mauryan Empire?
Answer: Political unity, strong administration, and Ashoka’s ethical rule.
Puzzles
- I am a book written by a brilliant minister of the Mauryan Empire. I speak of spies, warfare, and governance. Without me, modern historians would know less. Who am I?
Arthashastra - I was once a prince who turned into a monk. I spread peace where I once brought war. My message was written on stone. Who am I?
Ashoka - I was the capital city where great plans were made and kings resided. I was well-fortified and admired even by foreigners. What am I?
Pataliputra - I am the war that changed an emperor’s heart. After me, he never lifted a sword again. What am I?
Kalinga War - I am the system that ensured taxes were collected and welfare was funded in the Mauryan Empire. What am I?
Revenue System - I was sent by Seleucus to spy, observe, and record life in India. My writings helped the world learn about India. Who am I?
Megasthenes - I am the emperor who never fought a war after a particular battle. Instead, I spread peace and Dhamma. Who am I?
Ashoka - I am the collection of rocks and pillars that still speak of morals, tolerance, and kingship. What am I?
Edicts of Ashoka - I helped the emperor see and hear all. I wore no uniform, yet I was everywhere. Who am I?
Spy - I governed a province and was usually of royal blood. Who am I?
Kumara - I am a stone structure built for the sake of religion, still standing in Sanchi. What am I?
Stupa - I taught Ashoka the value of compassion after seeing rivers of blood. Who am I?
Kalinga War - I am the title Greeks gave to Bindusara. What am I?
Amitrochates - I ensured cleanliness and justice in cities. My name means city superintendent. Who am I?
Nagaradhyaksha - I unified most of India for the first time in history. Who am I?
Chandragupta Maurya - I guided the first Mauryan emperor and wrote a book still famous today. Who am I?
Kautilya - I am the part of the empire between the king and the district. I am governed by a prince. What am I?
Province - I helped the emperor maintain control using secrecy and disguise. I am everywhere but seen by none. What am I?
Espionage - I replaced the sword in Ashoka’s hands. I taught peace, compassion, and harmony. What am I?
Dhamma - I was a gift to Sri Lanka by Sanghamitra to spread Buddhism. What am I?
Sapling of the Bodhi Tree - I am a document that describes the military, finance, and justice of the Mauryan state. What am I?
Arthashastra - I was built not to attack, but to guide and heal. Found along roads and near wells. What am I?
Rest House - I walked the land in disguise, watching officials and citizens alike. Who am I?
Secret Agent - I carried the king’s messages carved in stone for eternity. What am I?
Inscription - I was divided into infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots. What am I?
Mauryan Army - I ensured even the emperor knew what the people felt. I am hidden but powerful. Who am I?
Spy Network - I am the peaceful path Ashoka followed after turning from war. What am I?
Dhamma Vijay - I am the language used in Ashoka’s edicts so everyone could understand me. What am I?
Prakrit - I am the script used to write most of Ashoka’s messages. What am I?
Brahmi - I helped divide the empire into manageable areas. I was governed by Rajukas. What am I?
District - I am the moral official appointed by Ashoka to spread Dhamma. Who am I?
Dhamma Mahamatra - I was built on the pain of Kalinga, but led to the peace of a nation. What am I?
Ashoka’s Edict - I taught kindness to humans and animals alike. What am I?
Ashoka’s Dhamma - I ensured the smooth working of the empire, from tax to justice. Who am I?
Amatya - I am the main source of Mauryan revenue. What am I?
Agricultural Tax - I housed Ashoka’s final teachings on peace. I still stand tall today. What am I?
Pillar Edict - I am the female missionary who crossed oceans for Buddhism. Who am I?
Sanghamitra - I am the army division that used animals to crush enemies. What am I?
Elephant Corps - I am the result of a ruler choosing kindness over conquest. What am I?
Ashoka’s Transformation - I was the main occupation of the Mauryan people. What am I?
Agriculture - I am the idea that all religions are to be respected equally. What am I?
Religious Tolerance - I am the foreign king defeated by Chandragupta Maurya. Who am I?
Seleucus Nicator - I provided safety to travelers and spread Buddhist teachings. What am I?
Stupa - I was the headquarters of the Mauryan Empire. All major decisions were made here. What am I?
Pataliputra - I was the administrative unit between city and province. What am I?
District - I collected and assessed taxes for the king. Who am I?
Revenue Officer - I allowed the emperor to expand peace across borders. I was a plant. What am I?
Bodhi Tree Sapling - I was responsible for maintaining law in the countryside. Who am I?
Rajuka - I came after the battle, not before. I saved lives, not took them. What am I?
Dhamma Vijay - I am the Mauryan ideal that kings must serve their people like a father serves his children. What am I?
Ashoka’s Philosophy of Kingship
Difference Between:
- Difference between Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka
Chandragupta Maurya: Founder of the Mauryan Empire who used military conquest to establish control over most of India.
Ashoka: Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire who, after the Kalinga War, embraced Buddhism and ruled through moral principles.
- Difference between Arthashastra and Indika
Arthashastra: Written by Kautilya; it is an Indian treatise on politics, administration, and economy.
Indika: Written by Megasthenes; it is a Greek account of Indian society and Mauryan administration.
- Difference between Kautilya and Megasthenes
Kautilya: Indian Brahmin minister who guided Chandragupta and wrote Arthashastra.
Megasthenes: Greek ambassador sent by Seleucus to Chandragupta’s court; wrote Indika.
- Difference between Pillar Edicts and Rock Edicts
Pillar Edicts: Engraved on sandstone pillars; mainly found in northern India.
Rock Edicts: Carved on natural rocks; found across the subcontinent, including Deccan and south India.
- Difference between Dhamma Vijay and Digvijay
Dhamma Vijay: Conquest through moral teachings and compassion, adopted by Ashoka.
Digvijay: Conquest through war and military might, followed by earlier rulers.
- Difference between Dhamma Mahamatras and Amatyas
Dhamma Mahamatras: Special officers appointed by Ashoka to spread Dhamma and ensure welfare.
Amatyas: Ministers responsible for assisting in administration and governance.
- Difference between Mauryan Central Administration and Provincial Administration
Central Administration: Headed by the emperor; involved in major decisions, war, and national policies.
Provincial Administration: Headed by royal princes; executed policies locally and maintained law and order.
- Difference between Ashoka’s rule before and after Kalinga War
Before: Expansionist, focused on military conquest and administration.
After: Ethical, focused on peace, welfare, Buddhism, and Dhamma.
- Difference between Rajukas and Nagaradhyaksha
Rajukas: District officers responsible for revenue collection and justice.
Nagaradhyaksha: City superintendent responsible for urban administration and cleanliness.
- Difference between Mauryan Administration and Modern Administration
Mauryan Administration: Monarchical and centralised with direct rule by the king.
Modern Administration: Usually democratic with decentralised powers and rule of law.
- Difference between Religious Policy of Ashoka and Earlier Rulers
Ashoka: Promoted religious tolerance and moral values.
Earlier Rulers: Supported specific religions, often for political consolidation.
- Difference between Sanghamitra and Mahendra
Sanghamitra: Ashoka’s daughter who went to Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism.
Mahendra: Ashoka’s son who accompanied Sanghamitra to spread Buddhism in Sri Lanka.
- Difference between Civil Administration and Military Administration
Civil Administration: Handled internal governance like law, justice, and revenue.
Military Administration: Managed the army, defence, and expansion campaigns.
- Difference between Revenue System and Spy System
Revenue System: Collected income from land, trade, and professions to run the empire.
Spy System: Maintained security and monitored officials and citizens secretly.
- Difference between Pataliputra and Sanchi
Pataliputra: Capital of the Mauryan Empire and administrative centre.
Sanchi: Religious site where stupas were built to spread Buddhist teachings.
- Difference between Ashoka’s Dhamma and Buddhism
Ashoka’s Dhamma: Ethical code focusing on moral conduct, tolerance, and welfare.
Buddhism: A religion based on the teachings of Buddha, involving spiritual practices and path to enlightenment.
- Difference between Seleucus Nicator and Chandragupta Maurya
Seleucus Nicator: Greek ruler defeated by Chandragupta; signed treaty and gave territory.
Chandragupta Maurya: Indian emperor who defeated Seleucus and expanded his empire.
- Difference between Mauryan Infantry and Cavalry
Infantry: Soldiers who fought on foot with weapons.
Cavalry: Soldiers who fought on horseback, used for speed and mobility.
- Difference between Brahmi Script and Prakrit Language
Brahmi Script: Script used to write inscriptions during Ashoka’s reign.
Prakrit Language: Common spoken language in which Ashoka’s edicts were composed.
- Difference between Bindusara and Ashoka
Bindusara: Second Mauryan emperor who maintained the empire but is less known for reforms.
Ashoka: Third Mauryan emperor famous for moral governance, Dhamma, and public welfare.
Assertion and Reason
Each question includes:
- Assertion (A)
- Reason (R)
- Answer choices:
- a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
- b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- c) A is true, but R is false
- d) A is false, but R is true
- A: Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire.
R: He overthrew the Nanda Dynasty with the help of Kautilya.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Ashoka fought the Kalinga War in 261 BCE.
R: He wanted to expand his empire toward the east coast.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Kautilya was a minister in Ashoka’s court.
R: He helped Ashoka write the Dhamma.
Answer: d) A is false, but R is true - A: Ashoka promoted Dhamma after the Kalinga War.
R: The war caused heavy destruction and changed his perspective on violence.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Megasthenes wrote the Arthashastra.
R: He was a scholar from the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: d) A is false, but R is true - A: Chandragupta Maurya embraced Buddhism in his later life.
R: He was influenced by the teachings of Ashoka.
Answer: c) A is true, but R is false - A: The Arthashastra gives information on Mauryan administration.
R: It was written by Kautilya.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Ashoka promoted religious tolerance.
R: His Dhamma included respect for all religious sects.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Bindusara was known as Amitrochates by the Greeks.
R: He destroyed the Mauryan Empire’s enemies.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Ashoka sent his son and daughter to Lanka.
R: He wanted to spread Jainism.
Answer: c) A is true, but R is false - A: Ashokan edicts were written in Sanskrit.
R: Sanskrit was the court language of the Mauryas.
Answer: d) A is false, but R is true - A: The Mauryan administration was highly centralised.
R: The emperor was the supreme authority with a council of ministers.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Ashoka built the Sanchi Stupa.
R: He was a follower and promoter of Buddhism.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Rajukas collected land revenue.
R: They also performed judicial duties.
Answer: b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A - A: Gopa and Sthanika collected taxes.
R: They were part of the provincial military force.
Answer: c) A is true, but R is false - A: The Mauryan army included tanks and helicopters.
R: It was the most modern army of its time.
Answer: d) A is false, but R is true - A: Kalinga was a peaceful region.
R: Ashoka defeated it without resistance.
Answer: d) A is false, but R is true - A: Ashoka’s inscriptions were engraved on rocks and pillars.
R: He used them to spread messages of Dhamma.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Megasthenes was a Mauryan official.
R: He visited India as a Greek ambassador.
Answer: c) A is false, but R is true - A: Ashoka established a democratic form of government.
R: He wanted equal rights for all.
Answer: c) A is false, but R is true - A: The capital of the Mauryan Empire was Ujjain.
R: Ujjain was a provincial capital.
Answer: c) A is false, but R is true - A: Ashoka’s Dhamma included ethical and moral principles.
R: It was designed to unify a culturally diverse empire.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Ashoka sent Buddhist missionaries to Sri Lanka.
R: He wanted to spread the message of non-violence and peace.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: The Mauryan Empire extended into present-day Afghanistan.
R: Ashoka conquered regions to the northwest of India.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Nagaradhyaksha was responsible for temple management.
R: He looked after religious ceremonies.
Answer: d) A is false, and R is false - A: Dhamma Mahamatras were appointed by Ashoka.
R: They were responsible for implementing welfare and Dhamma policies.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Ashoka followed Jainism after the Kalinga War.
R: He was inspired by Mahavira.
Answer: d) A is false, and R is false - A: Rajukas performed both administrative and judicial duties.
R: They were responsible for district-level governance.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: The Sanchi Stupa contains images of Hindu gods.
R: It was built by Ashoka to promote Shaivism.
Answer: d) A is false, and R is false - A: The Mauryan army had a naval division.
R: They used ships for transporting goods and troops.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Kautilya was also known as Chanakya.
R: He was a teacher at Takshashila.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: The Kalinga War was bloodless.
R: Ashoka’s policy was to win without violence.
Answer: d) A is false, and R is false - A: Chandragupta Maurya died in battle.
R: He spent his last days as a Jain monk.
Answer: c) A is false, but R is true - A: Bindusara was the son of Ashoka.
R: He succeeded Ashoka as emperor.
Answer: d) A is false, and R is false - A: The Mauryan administration was democratic in nature.
R: Common people elected their rulers.
Answer: d) A is false, and R is false - A: Ashoka’s edicts promote moral values.
R: They emphasise kindness, respect, and tolerance.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Taxila was a provincial capital under the Mauryas.
R: It was a major centre of learning and governance.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Mahendra and Sanghamitra were Ashoka’s spies.
R: They were trained in espionage.
Answer: d) A is false, and R is false - A: The spy system helped the Mauryan emperor maintain control.
R: Secret agents were employed to report misconduct.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Dhamma included respect for elders and kindness to animals.
R: It was a moral code meant to guide daily life.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Sanchi Stupa was located in Karnataka.
R: It was built by Bindusara.
Answer: d) A is false, and R is false - A: Buddhism declined during Ashoka’s reign.
R: Ashoka promoted Brahmanism.
Answer: d) A is false, and R is false - A: The Mauryan Empire declined after Ashoka’s death.
R: His successors were weak and inefficient.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Arthashastra explains moral aspects of Dhamma.
R: It is a religious text.
Answer: d) A is false, and R is false - A: Ashoka was known as Devanampiya.
R: This means “Beloved of the Gods.”
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Chandragupta defeated Alexander the Great.
R: He invaded India after Alexander’s death.
Answer: c) A is false, but R is true - A: Ashoka encouraged superstitious rituals.
R: He wanted people to follow astrology.
Answer: d) A is false, and R is false - A: The Mauryan Empire covered the entire Indian subcontinent.
R: Ashoka’s rule extended into parts of modern-day Afghanistan.
Answer: b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A - A: Ashoka built hospitals for both humans and animals.
R: His Dhamma emphasized compassion for all beings.
Answer: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - A: Kautilya was a ruler of the Mauryan dynasty.
R: He was the son of Chandragupta.
Answer: d) A is false, and R is false
True or False
- Chandragupta Maurya founded the Mauryan Empire in 322 BCE.
Answer: True - Kautilya was also known as Chanakya.
Answer: True - The capital of the Mauryan Empire was Ujjain.
Answer: False - Ashoka was the immediate successor of Chandragupta Maurya.
Answer: False - Bindusara was the son of Chandragupta Maurya.
Answer: True - Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador to Bindusara’s court.
Answer: False - The Arthashastra was written by Kautilya.
Answer: True - Indika was authored by Megasthenes.
Answer: True - Ashoka fought the Kalinga War after embracing Buddhism.
Answer: False - The Kalinga War deeply influenced Ashoka’s mind.
Answer: True - Ashoka adopted Jainism after the Kalinga War.
Answer: False - Ashoka’s moral code was known as Dhamma.
Answer: True - The language used in Ashoka’s edicts was Sanskrit.
Answer: False - The script used in Ashoka’s inscriptions was Brahmi.
Answer: True - Ashoka sent his daughter Sanghamitra to Sri Lanka.
Answer: True - Ashoka believed in conquest through war only.
Answer: False - Dhamma Vijay means conquest through moral principles.
Answer: True - The Mauryan Empire was divided into provinces.
Answer: True - Rajukas were officials responsible for revenue collection at the village level.
Answer: False - Kumaras were provincial governors in the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: True - Nagaradhyaksha was responsible for religious preaching.
Answer: False - Gopa and Sthanikas were responsible for collecting taxes.
Answer: True - Mahamatras were appointed by Ashoka to spread Dhamma.
Answer: True - Ashokan edicts were only engraved on palm leaves.
Answer: False - Chandragupta Maurya spent his last years at Shravanabelagola.
Answer: True - Shravanabelagola is located in present-day Gujarat.
Answer: False - Bindusara was known to the Greeks as Amitrochates.
Answer: True - The Mauryan administration was decentralised.
Answer: False - The War Office managed the Mauryan army.
Answer: True - The Mauryan army had infantry, cavalry, chariots, and elephants.
Answer: True - Ashoka built hospitals for both people and animals.
Answer: True - Dhamma Mahamatras were involved in espionage.
Answer: False - The Sanchi Stupa was built by Ashoka.
Answer: True - Ashoka’s Dhamma encouraged animal sacrifice.
Answer: False - The Mauryan Empire extended into modern-day Afghanistan.
Answer: True - Chandragupta Maurya defeated Seleucus Nicator.
Answer: True - Buddhism was founded during Ashoka’s reign.
Answer: False - Ashoka’s edicts were written in English.
Answer: False - The Prakrit language was used in Ashoka’s inscriptions.
Answer: True - Dhamma focused on religious intolerance.
Answer: False - The Mauryan Empire was the first empire to unify most of India.
Answer: True - Ashoka appointed officers to spy on his ministers.
Answer: True - Chandragupta Maurya embraced Buddhism before he died.
Answer: False - The empire declined shortly after Ashoka’s death.
Answer: True - The Mauryan army included submarines.
Answer: False - Mauryan edicts promote truthfulness and compassion.
Answer: True - Temples were the main source of Mauryan history.
Answer: False - Ashoka promoted social welfare through his Dhamma.
Answer: True - Rajukas performed both administrative and judicial functions.
Answer: True - Ashoka’s son Mahendra was a Mauryan governor in Ujjain.
Answer: False
Long Answer Questions
- Describe the origin and establishment of the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: The Mauryan Empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE after he overthrew the Nanda dynasty with the guidance of Kautilya. It was the first large-scale political empire to unify most of the Indian subcontinent under one ruler, with Pataliputra as its capital.
- Who was Kautilya? Mention his contribution to the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: Kautilya, also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta, was the prime minister and mentor of Chandragupta Maurya. He authored the Arthashastra, a treatise on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy, and played a crucial role in establishing and consolidating the Mauryan administration.
- What is the significance of the Arthashastra as a source of history?
Answer: The Arthashastra is a valuable literary source that gives detailed information about the administrative system, taxation, espionage, justice, foreign policy, and economy during the Mauryan period. It reflects the practical aspects of governance under Chandragupta Maurya.
- Write a short note on Megasthenes and his work.
Answer: Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador sent by Seleucus Nicator to the court of Chandragupta Maurya. He authored Indika, which provides an account of the people, social customs, political administration, and economy of India during the Mauryan period.
- Describe the contribution of Chandragupta Maurya to the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: Chandragupta Maurya laid the foundation of the Mauryan Empire, defeated the Nandas and later defeated Seleucus Nicator to expand his empire. With Kautilya’s help, he established a strong centralised administration. He later abdicated the throne, adopted Jainism, and died at Shravanabelagola.
- Who was Bindusara? What were his achievements?
Answer: Bindusara, son of Chandragupta Maurya, succeeded him and ruled from 297 BCE to 273 BCE. He continued to consolidate the empire and was known to the Greeks as Amitrochates. His reign maintained the administrative system set up by his father and expanded the empire further south.
- Discuss the Kalinga War and its consequences on Ashoka.
Answer: The Kalinga War took place in 261 BCE. It was a turning point in Ashoka’s life. The immense bloodshed and suffering deeply impacted him, leading him to abandon warfare and embrace Buddhism. Thereafter, he adopted the policy of Dhamma Vijay (conquest through moral values).
- What were the principles of Ashoka’s Dhamma?
Answer: Ashoka’s Dhamma emphasized respect for elders, tolerance of different sects, kindness to animals, truthfulness, moral behavior, and non-violence. It aimed at promoting social harmony and ethical conduct among his diverse subjects.
- How did Ashoka spread the message of Dhamma across his empire?
Answer: Ashoka appointed Dhamma Mahamatras to propagate Dhamma and undertook welfare activities. He issued edicts engraved on rocks and pillars in Prakrit language and Brahmi script to communicate his principles. He also sent missionaries to foreign lands like Sri Lanka.
- Describe Ashoka’s contribution to Buddhism.
Answer: Ashoka embraced Buddhism after the Kalinga War and became its patron. He built stupas, viharas, and sponsored Buddhist councils. He sent missionaries, including his son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra, to spread Buddhism in Sri Lanka and other parts of Asia.
- Mention the significance of Ashoka’s edicts as historical sources.
Answer: Ashoka’s edicts provide direct insight into his policies, principles of Dhamma, welfare measures, and administrative system. They are valuable archaeological sources inscribed in Prakrit language and Brahmi script on rocks and pillars across the subcontinent.
- What is the importance of the Sanchi Stupa in Mauryan history?
Answer: The Sanchi Stupa, built by Ashoka, is one of the earliest Buddhist stupas. It symbolizes Ashoka’s devotion to Buddhism and serves as an important archaeological source depicting Mauryan art, architecture, and religious influence.
- What was the extent of the Mauryan Empire under Ashoka?
Answer: Under Ashoka, the Mauryan Empire extended from the Hindu Kush in the northwest to Karnataka in the south, and from the Bay of Bengal in the east to Gujarat in the west, covering almost the entire Indian subcontinent except the extreme south.
- Describe the administrative system of the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: The Mauryan administration was highly centralised. The king was the supreme authority assisted by a Council of Ministers. The empire was divided into provinces governed by Kumaras. Districts were administered by Rajukas, and cities by Nagaradhyakshas. The administration was efficient, with well-defined roles and a strong bureaucracy.
- Write about the role of Kumaras in the Mauryan administration.
Answer: Kumaras were royal princes appointed as governors of the provinces. They were responsible for maintaining law and order, collecting revenue, and supervising the provincial administration on behalf of the emperor.
- Explain the function of Rajukas in the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: Rajukas were responsible for district administration. They performed both administrative and judicial duties and acted as the direct representatives of the central government at the local level.
- Describe the revenue system of the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: The revenue system was well-organised. Land revenue was the main source of income. Farmers paid one-sixth of their produce as tax. Additional taxes included tolls, custom duties, and tax on professions. The revenue was used for public welfare and state maintenance.
- What was the function of Dhamma Mahamatras?
Answer: Dhamma Mahamatras were special officers appointed by Ashoka to promote Dhamma, monitor the moral conduct of officials and people, and oversee welfare measures such as medical treatment and care for the aged and needy.
- How did Ashoka ensure justice and welfare in his empire?
Answer: Ashoka appointed officers like Rajukas and Dhamma Mahamatras to dispense justice. He promoted equal treatment, non-violence, and kindness. Welfare measures included construction of hospitals, rest houses, wells, and plantations.
- Explain the military administration of the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: The Mauryan military was large and well-organised with divisions like infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots. The War Office supervised the army and ensured training, supply of weapons, and security. The spy system also supported military efficiency.
- Describe the spy system under the Mauryan rule.
Answer: The Mauryan spy system was elaborate. Secret agents (Gudhapurushas) were appointed to keep watch over officials, collect intelligence, and report directly to the emperor, ensuring internal security and curbing corruption.
- How did Ashoka promote religious tolerance?
Answer: Ashoka respected all religious sects, encouraged mutual understanding, and prohibited criticism of other faiths. His edicts clearly reflect his efforts toward maintaining religious harmony across his empire.
- What were the features of the civil administration under the Mauryas?
Answer: Civil administration included a centralised government, efficient bureaucracy, provincial and district governance, revenue collection, judicial functions, welfare activities, and a code of conduct based on Dhamma.
- Discuss the significance of Ashoka’s policy of Dhamma Vijay.
Answer: Dhamma Vijay, or victory through moral conquest, replaced warfare as the means of expansion. Ashoka focused on spreading ethical values, non-violence, and welfare, earning admiration from his subjects and foreign rulers.
- What was Ashoka’s approach towards capital punishment?
Answer: Ashoka discouraged capital punishment and emphasized justice and compassion. He ensured that even convicts were treated humanely and given opportunities for reform.
- What do you understand by the term Dhamma Vijay?
Answer: Dhamma Vijay refers to Ashoka’s policy of winning over people through moral teachings and ethical conduct instead of warfare. After the Kalinga War, he renounced military conquest and spread values like tolerance, compassion, and respect for all religions.
- What steps did Ashoka take for the moral upliftment of society?
Answer: Ashoka issued edicts promoting moral behavior, appointed Dhamma Mahamatras, built hospitals and rest houses, encouraged non-violence, banned animal sacrifice, and supported religious harmony to ensure the moral upliftment of his subjects.
- Discuss the importance of literary sources for studying the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: Literary sources like the Arthashastra and Indika provide valuable insight into the Mauryan Empire’s governance, economy, society, and foreign relations. Arthashastra discusses administration and espionage, while Indika offers a foreigner’s perspective on Mauryan life.
- Mention any five welfare measures adopted by Ashoka.
Answer: Ashoka’s welfare measures included building hospitals for humans and animals, digging wells, planting trees, establishing rest houses, and banning animal sacrifices, reflecting his commitment to the well-being of his people.
- How did Ashoka maintain unity in his vast empire?
Answer: Ashoka maintained unity by promoting a common moral code (Dhamma), appointing officials like Dhamma Mahamatras, encouraging religious tolerance, issuing edicts in local languages, and ensuring justice and welfare across all regions.
- What changes occurred in Ashoka’s life after the Kalinga War?
Answer: The destruction of the Kalinga War deeply affected Ashoka. He renounced violence, embraced Buddhism, and adopted the policy of Dhamma Vijay. His rule focused on ethical governance, public welfare, and spreading peace.
- Why are the Mauryas considered the first great empire builders of India?
Answer: The Mauryas, under Chandragupta and Ashoka, unified most of the Indian subcontinent under a centralised administration. They established efficient governance, a vast military, public welfare systems, and promoted moral values across regions.
- Explain the structure of the provincial administration in the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: The Mauryan Empire was divided into provinces, each governed by a Kumara (royal prince). The provinces had their own administrative staff, including revenue officers, judicial authorities, and local officials to maintain order and implement imperial policies.
- What were the duties of Nagaradhyaksha?
Answer: The Nagaradhyaksha was responsible for the administration of cities. Duties included supervising trade, sanitation, markets, buildings, and ensuring law and order in urban areas, making city governance efficient.
- Explain the role of espionage in the Mauryan administration.
Answer: Espionage was vital for internal security. Secret agents (Gudhapurushas) monitored officials, gathered intelligence on rebellions or conspiracies, and helped maintain strict control, reporting directly to the emperor.
- Write a note on the military strength of the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: The Mauryan army was one of the largest in the ancient world, comprising infantry, cavalry, chariots, and elephants. It was managed by a central War Office, with a well-organised system of recruitment, training, and logistics.
- How did the Mauryan administration ensure justice to its subjects?
Answer: Justice was administered through district officials like Rajukas, who also had judicial powers. Ashoka emphasized fair treatment, discouraged cruelty, and issued edicts encouraging compassion and impartiality in legal matters.
- Describe the city of Pataliputra during Mauryan times.
Answer: Pataliputra, the capital, was a large and well-planned city with wooden palisades, moats, gardens, and administrative buildings. According to Megasthenes, it was a thriving center of administration and culture during Mauryan rule.
- Discuss the economic life of the Mauryan people.
Answer: The economy was agrarian, with agriculture as the main occupation. Trade, crafts, mining, and animal husbandry also flourished. Taxes were collected on land, trade, and professions, and the state regulated weights, measures, and prices.
- What were Ashoka’s contributions to international relations?
Answer: Ashoka maintained diplomatic relations with Sri Lanka, Egypt, Greece, and other Hellenistic kingdoms. He sent missionaries abroad to spread Buddhism, reflecting his commitment to peace, morality, and global outreach.
- Discuss the impact of Ashoka’s Dhamma on Indian society.
Answer: Ashoka’s Dhamma promoted social harmony, respect for elders, kindness to animals, religious tolerance, and moral discipline. It reduced social tensions, encouraged ethical behavior, and laid the foundation for future Indian moral thought.
- Why is Ashoka considered one of the greatest emperors in Indian history?
Answer: Ashoka is remembered for his transformation from a conqueror to a benevolent ruler. His commitment to peace, moral governance, religious tolerance, and public welfare makes him a symbol of ideal kingship in Indian history.
- What is the significance of the Ashokan edicts in Indian epigraphy?
Answer: Ashokan edicts are among the earliest inscriptions in India. They provide firsthand accounts of Ashoka’s policies and serve as crucial sources for understanding Mauryan administration, religion, and social life.
- Describe the role of women in the spread of Buddhism during Ashoka’s reign.
Answer: Ashoka’s daughter Sanghamitra played a crucial role in spreading Buddhism to Sri Lanka. Her missionary work highlighted the active participation of women in religious and cultural missions under Ashoka’s reign.
- What were the limitations of Ashoka’s Dhamma policy?
Answer: While noble in intention, Dhamma was too idealistic and abstract for some regions. It could not prevent the decline of the empire after Ashoka’s death, as it lacked military and administrative focus in the long run.
- What led to the decline of the Mauryan Empire?
Answer: The empire declined due to weak successors, loss of central control, administrative inefficiencies, economic strain, and lack of military focus. The Sunga dynasty replaced the Mauryas after the assassination of the last emperor, Brihadratha.
- How did Ashoka’s policies differ from those of earlier rulers?
Answer: Unlike earlier rulers who focused on conquest, Ashoka emphasized moral conquest (Dhamma Vijay), welfare of people, religious tolerance, and ethical governance, setting a new standard for rulership.
- Explain the role of public works during Ashoka’s reign.
Answer: Ashoka invested in public infrastructure such as roads, rest houses, wells, hospitals, and stupas. These works improved the quality of life and demonstrated the state’s role in the welfare of its citizens.
- What is the importance of Shravanabelagola in Mauryan history?
Answer: Shravanabelagola in Karnataka is where Chandragupta Maurya spent his final years after embracing Jainism. It is a historically significant site that reflects his spiritual transformation.
- Write a note on the legacy of the Mauryan Empire.
Answer: The Mauryan Empire left a legacy of political unification, administrative excellence, and moral governance. It laid the foundation for future Indian empires and contributed significantly to Indian culture, polity, and religion.
Give Reasons
- Give reason: Chandragupta Maurya is regarded as the founder of the Mauryan Empire.
Because he overthrew the Nanda dynasty in 322 BCE and established the first large empire in India. - Give reason: Kautilya played a significant role in the rise of the Mauryan Empire.
Because he guided Chandragupta in building the empire and authored the Arthashastra, detailing administration and statecraft. - Give reason: Arthashastra is a valuable historical source.
Because it provides detailed information about the political, administrative, and economic systems of the Mauryan period. - Give reason: Megasthenes’ Indika is important for historians.
Because it gives a foreigner’s perspective on Indian society and Mauryan governance. - Give reason: Bindusara was known to the Greeks as Amitrochates.
Because the Greek translation of his name meant ‘Slayer of Enemies.’ - Give reason: The Kalinga War was a turning point in Ashoka’s life.
Because it caused immense bloodshed, which led Ashoka to embrace Buddhism and adopt non-violence. - Give reason: Ashoka adopted Buddhism after the Kalinga War.
Because he was deeply disturbed by the violence and sought peace through the teachings of Buddha. - Give reason: Ashoka sent missionaries to other countries.
Because he wanted to spread the principles of Dhamma and the teachings of Buddhism across the world. - Give reason: Ashoka appointed Dhamma Mahamatras.
Because they were needed to spread moral values and oversee the welfare of the people. - Give reason: Ashoka built hospitals and rest houses.
Because he believed in the welfare of his subjects and practiced compassion as part of his Dhamma. - Give reason: Ashoka is remembered as a unique ruler in Indian history.
Because he transformed from a conqueror to a compassionate ruler focused on peace, ethics, and public welfare. - Give reason: Ashoka’s inscriptions are found across the subcontinent.
Because he used rock and pillar edicts to spread his messages to people throughout his vast empire. - Give reason: Ashoka’s inscriptions are written in Prakrit.
Because Prakrit was the language commonly spoken and understood by ordinary people. - Give reason: Ashoka’s edicts were engraved on pillars and rocks.
Because they served as durable and visible media to communicate his principles and policies to the masses. - Give reason: The Sanchi Stupa is an important archaeological site.
Because it reflects Mauryan architecture and stands as a symbol of Ashoka’s promotion of Buddhism. - Give reason: The Mauryan Empire was highly centralised.
Because the emperor held supreme authority and maintained direct control over all administrative functions. - Give reason: Provinces were governed by princes.
Because royal princes, called Kumaras, were trusted to maintain order and loyalty in the provinces. - Give reason: District officers had both administrative and judicial powers.
Because they were responsible for maintaining law, order, and justice at the local level. - Give reason: Cities required special administrative officers.
Because urban life needed management of trade, markets, sanitation, and law enforcement. - Give reason: Mauryan army was divided into four parts.
Because it ensured balanced military strength with infantry, cavalry, chariots, and elephants. - Give reason: The Mauryan Empire had a separate War Office.
Because efficient military organisation required dedicated supervision and logistics. - Give reason: The Mauryan revenue system was efficient.
Because it collected taxes systematically from agriculture, trade, and crafts to fund the empire. - Give reason: Spies were important in Mauryan administration.
Because they maintained internal security and kept the emperor informed about officials and people. - Give reason: Ashoka’s empire was one of the largest in ancient India.
Because it extended from Afghanistan in the northwest to Karnataka in the south and Bengal in the east. - Give reason: The capital Pataliputra was strategically important.
Because it was located at the confluence of rivers and served as a trade and administrative hub. - Give reason: Ashoka’s Dhamma was not a religion.
Because it was a moral code intended to promote social harmony and ethical living among people. - Give reason: Ashoka banned animal sacrifices.
Because he adopted the principle of non-violence and compassion towards all living beings. - Give reason: Dhamma Vijay replaced military conquest.
Because Ashoka believed in winning people through moral teachings rather than through war. - Give reason: Ashoka used Brahmi script in his edicts.
Because Brahmi was the most widely used script in his empire and understood by the common people. - Give reason: The Mauryan Empire declined after Ashoka.
Because weak successors failed to manage the vast empire and maintain strong central control. - Give reason: The Mauryan administration included both civil and military departments.
Because effective governance required specialised systems for administration and defence. - Give reason: Public welfare was a major feature of Ashoka’s rule.
Because he believed in serving his people and promoting their happiness and well-being. - Give reason: The Arthashastra discusses espionage.
Because spies were vital in maintaining control, detecting disloyalty, and supporting governance. - Give reason: Ashoka’s policies promoted religious harmony.
Because he respected all religions and encouraged tolerance and mutual understanding. - Give reason: Sanghamitra played a role in spreading Buddhism.
Because she was sent by Ashoka to Sri Lanka to propagate Buddhist teachings. - Give reason: Revenue was collected in kind or cash.
Because it provided the government with flexible income to run administration and welfare programs. - Give reason: The Mauryan Empire had a Pan-Indian character.
Because it unified large parts of India under a centralised political and administrative system. - Give reason: Justice was accessible under Mauryan rule.
Because district officers were empowered to deliver justice and maintain law and order. - Give reason: Rajukas had judicial powers.
Because they were responsible for both civil administration and delivering justice in districts. - Give reason: Dhamma included respect for elders.
Because Ashoka considered it essential for building a respectful and disciplined society. - Give reason: Mauryan rulers encouraged trade.
Because trade boosted the economy and increased revenue through taxes and duties. - Give reason: Dhamma was practical and universal.
Because it focused on ethical values like truth, non-violence, and kindness that applied to all. - Give reason: The Mauryan Empire supported infrastructure development.
Because good roads, rest houses, and hospitals were needed to ensure public welfare and communication. - Give reason: Ashoka held religious assemblies.
Because he wanted to foster inter-religious understanding and social unity. - Give reason: Custom duties were levied by the Mauryan state.
Because they regulated trade and served as a source of income for the empire. - Give reason: Ashoka’s Dhamma had international influence.
Because he sent missions abroad and promoted Buddhist values in several foreign kingdoms. - Give reason: Provinces were important in Mauryan governance.
Because they allowed efficient administration over vast territories under imperial control. - Give reason: Amatyas had multiple administrative roles.
Because they advised the king and assisted in implementing various government functions. - Give reason: Gudhapurushas ensured the emperor’s safety.
Because they acted as secret agents who monitored loyalty and threats within the empire. - Give reason: The Mauryan Empire is a landmark in Indian political history.
Because it was the first empire to achieve political unification with a structured and ethical administration.
Arrange the Words
Case Studies
- A young prince, guided by a brilliant teacher, overthrows a powerful dynasty and later defeats a foreign invader named Seleucus Nicator. He then establishes one of the largest empires in Indian history.
Who was this prince?
Chandragupta Maurya - A ruler fights a brutal war that leads to immense loss of life. Disturbed by the suffering, he embraces Buddhism, adopts a new code of conduct, and focuses on non-violence and public welfare.
Identify the war and the ruler.
Kalinga War; Ashoka - A Greek ambassador visits the Mauryan court and writes a detailed account of Indian society, politics, and customs. His work becomes a valuable foreign source for Indian history.
Who is the ambassador and what is the name of his book?
Megasthenes; Indika - A king issues orders engraved on rocks and pillars in the Prakrit language and Brahmi script, promoting values like truthfulness, kindness, and religious tolerance.
What are these orders called, and who issued them?
Edicts; Ashoka - A ruler sends his son and daughter as Buddhist missionaries to foreign lands to spread the teachings of Buddha.
Who is this ruler and where were the missionaries sent?
Ashoka; Sri Lanka - In a vast empire, the ruler appoints officials like Rajukas and Amatyas to help in civil and judicial administration.
Which empire is being described, and what was the role of Rajukas?
Mauryan Empire; Rajukas were district-level officials responsible for justice and administration. - A well-planned capital city is established at the confluence of rivers. It becomes the political and administrative centre of a powerful empire.
Name the capital city.
Pataliputra - A royal prince governs a province on behalf of the emperor. He ensures law and order, revenue collection, and implementation of imperial policies.
What is this prince called?
Kumara - After converting to Buddhism, a ruler starts building stupas, rest houses, and hospitals across the empire.
Which ruler is being referred to, and what values guided these actions?
Ashoka; Dhamma - A text written in Sanskrit discusses duties of kings, administration, espionage, taxation, and foreign policy. It becomes a key source of political theory.
Name the text and its author.
Arthashastra; Kautilya - A powerful ruler defeats the Greeks and signs a treaty with Seleucus, gaining territory and strengthening his empire.
Who is this ruler and which dynasty did he establish?
Chandragupta Maurya; Maurya Dynasty - After witnessing war and bloodshed, a king decides to win people’s hearts through moral conquest rather than military might.
What term is used for this policy?
Dhamma Vijay - The administration of a large empire is divided into Central, Provincial, District, and City levels for better control.
Which ancient Indian empire used this administrative structure?
Mauryan Empire - In the Mauryan administration, a particular officer is responsible for urban governance like sanitation, trade, and law enforcement.
Who is this officer?
Nagaradhyaksha - Ashoka introduced a new set of officials tasked with spreading moral teachings and checking administrative activities.
What were these officials called?
Dhamma Mahamatras - A pillar edict discusses kindness to slaves and servants, respect for parents, and religious harmony.
Which ruler issued such edicts?
Ashoka - A Mauryan emperor sends missionaries not only to South India but also to foreign lands like Egypt and Syria.
Which emperor is this, and what was the purpose of these missions?
Ashoka; to spread the message of Dhamma and Buddhism - A Mauryan ruler follows a strict administrative code and is guided by his Brahmin minister who also wrote a famous book.
Identify the ruler and his minister.
Chandragupta Maurya; Kautilya - The Mauryan army is divided into four wings — infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots — each supervised by a war office.
Why was this structure important?
Because it ensured a well-organised and efficient military system to defend and expand the empire. - Ashoka believed that a king should act like a father to his subjects and promote their well-being.
Which principle or philosophy does this reflect?
Ashoka’s Dhamma / Welfare State Philosophy
Numericals
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