Questions & Answers
ICSE - Grade - 8
Subject: Geography
Chapter - 03 - Migration
Types of Questions
MCQ
- Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another for
a) tourism
b) recreation
c) better living conditions
d) pilgrimage
Answer: c) better living conditions - Internal migration occurs within
a) continents
b) a single country
c) different planets
d) oceanic islands
Answer: b) a single country - Movement from one country to another is known as
a) internal migration
b) rural migration
c) external migration
d) seasonal migration
Answer: c) external migration - A person moving out of a country is called a/an
a) immigrant
b) emigrant
c) visitor
d) traveller
Answer: b) emigrant - A person coming into a new country to settle is known as a/an
a) emigrant
b) nomad
c) immigrant
d) refugee
Answer: c) immigrant - The most common type of internal migration in India is
a) urban to rural
b) urban to urban
c) rural to urban
d) rural to rural
Answer: c) rural to urban - Which of the following is NOT a type of internal migration?
a) Rural to rural
b) Urban to urban
c) Inter-continental
d) Urban to rural
Answer: c) Inter-continental - Which of the following is a major cause of migration?
a) Stable politics
b) High rainfall
c) Overpopulation
d) Tourism
Answer: c) Overpopulation - Emigration results in
a) gain of population in receiving country
b) loss of population in home country
c) economic growth in home country
d) increase in rural labour
Answer: b) loss of population in home country - One of the environmental impacts of migration is
a) afforestation
b) urban beautification
c) overcrowding
d) clean air
Answer: c) overcrowding - Rural to rural migration is most common among
a) government officials
b) software engineers
c) agricultural labourers
d) traders
Answer: c) agricultural labourers - Urban to urban migration usually occurs for
a) farming
b) promotions and transfers
c) pilgrimage
d) tourism
Answer: b) promotions and transfers - Which is an example of external migration?
a) Kolkata to Mumbai
b) Delhi to Chandigarh
c) India to Canada
d) Bhopal to Indore
Answer: c) India to Canada - Political instability leads to
a) religious tourism
b) forced migration
c) voluntary settlement
d) seasonal visits
Answer: b) forced migration - Remittances are sent by
a) tourists
b) government
c) migrants
d) refugees
Answer: c) migrants - One of the positive effects of migration is
a) loss of skilled labour
b) development of slums
c) cultural exchange
d) pressure on resources
Answer: c) cultural exchange - Urban slums are often formed due to
a) migration
b) industrial decline
c) agricultural surplus
d) population control
Answer: a) migration - Migration can alter the
a) shape of Earth
b) population composition
c) tectonic plates
d) rainfall pattern
Answer: b) population composition - A pull factor for migration is
a) drought
b) earthquake
c) poverty
d) job opportunity
Answer: d) job opportunity - A push factor for migration is
a) good education
b) high wages
c) unemployment
d) urban growth
Answer: c) unemployment - External migration leads to
a) national level movement
b) state-level movement
c) international movement
d) inter-village movement
Answer: c) international movement - Migration helps reduce pressure on
a) natural resources in cities
b) resources in rural areas
c) government taxes
d) oceanic currents
Answer: b) resources in rural areas - Brain drain is associated with
a) migration of illiterate population
b) migration of children
c) migration of skilled professionals
d) forced migration
Answer: c) migration of skilled professionals - Which is NOT an effect of migration on the environment?
a) Pollution
b) Deforestation
c) Resource depletion
d) Monsoon delay
Answer: d) Monsoon delay - Which migration is commonly observed post-retirement?
a) Rural to rural
b) Urban to rural
c) Urban to urban
d) Rural to urban
Answer: b) Urban to rural - The term ‘immigration’ is used with reference to the
a) home country
b) source region
c) destination country
d) rural area
Answer: c) destination country - The movement of people due to drought is caused by
a) economic reasons
b) environmental reasons
c) political reasons
d) social reasons
Answer: b) environmental reasons - People migrate to urban areas mainly for
a) natural beauty
b) better job opportunities
c) visiting relatives
d) religious activities
Answer: b) better job opportunities - Migration due to religious or social oppression is caused by
a) economic factors
b) environmental factors
c) political or social factors
d) recreational factors
Answer: c) political or social factors - Migrants often face
a) health benefits
b) easy settlement
c) discrimination and social challenges
d) tax exemptions
Answer: c) discrimination and social challenges - Which of the following is a consequence of population increase due to migration?
a) Increase in forest area
b) Shortage of labour
c) Overcrowding
d) Balanced economy
Answer: c) Overcrowding - Emigration can lead to
a) increase in rural workforce
b) higher literacy in rural areas
c) shortage of working population in source areas
d) reduction in pollution
Answer: c) shortage of working population in source areas - One major benefit of international migration is
a) brain drain
b) inflation
c) remittance inflow
d) population decline
Answer: c) remittance inflow - Which is a cultural impact of migration?
a) Overpopulation
b) Language and tradition exchange
c) Rainfall increase
d) Ocean pollution
Answer: b) Language and tradition exchange - Overcrowding in cities leads to the formation of
a) smart cities
b) forests
c) slums
d) townships
Answer: c) slums - Migration due to war is an example of
a) seasonal migration
b) forced migration
c) voluntary migration
d) planned migration
Answer: b) forced migration - Rural to urban migration helps in
a) reducing urban population
b) increasing forest area
c) supplying labour to industries
d) stopping economic growth
Answer: c) supplying labour to industries - Which of the following is NOT a push factor?
a) Poverty
b) Unemployment
c) Political unrest
d) Good climate
Answer: d) Good climate - A city that receives a large number of migrants may face
a) balanced development
b) reduced urban population
c) pressure on civic amenities
d) higher forest cover
Answer: c) pressure on civic amenities - Internal migration causes changes in
a) political boundaries
b) international laws
c) population within the country
d) ocean temperatures
Answer: c) population within the country - Migration due to better educational facilities is an example of
a) push factor
b) neutral factor
c) pull factor
d) random factor
Answer: c) pull factor - Labour shortage in villages is mainly due to
a) external migration
b) reverse migration
c) rural to urban migration
d) tourism
Answer: c) rural to urban migration - Migration can lead to overuse of resources like
a) gold reserves
b) forests, water, and electricity
c) lunar minerals
d) polar snow
Answer: b) forests, water, and electricity - One of the causes of external migration is
a) school transfers
b) international job offers
c) caste differences
d) monsoon failure
Answer: b) international job offers - Which of these is NOT a type of migration?
a) Rural to rural
b) Urban to rural
c) Temporal to spatial
d) Rural to urban
Answer: c) Temporal to spatial - Which of the following is an environmental impact of migration?
a) Urban development
b) Industrialisation
c) Environmental degradation
d) Literacy improvement
Answer: c) Environmental degradation - Political migration is caused by
a) high wages
b) election rallies
c) wars and unrest
d) tourist inflow
Answer: c) wars and unrest - Skilled professionals migrating abroad cause
a) labour surplus
b) brain drain
c) wealth inequality
d) urban pollution
Answer: b) brain drain - Migration can be controlled by
a) increasing social inequality
b) reducing rural employment
c) developing rural infrastructure
d) banning city entry
Answer: c) developing rural infrastructure - Migrants who leave due to disasters are called
a) adventurers
b) professionals
c) climate refugees
d) tourists
Answer: c) climate refugees
Fill in the Blanks
- Migration is the movement of people from one place to another in search of __________.
Answer: better living conditions - Movement within the boundaries of a country is called __________ migration.
Answer: internal - Movement from one country to another is called __________ migration.
Answer: external - A person who moves out of a country is known as an __________.
Answer: emigrant - A person who enters a country from another is called an __________.
Answer: immigrant - The most common type of migration in India is from __________ to __________ areas.
Answer: rural, urban - Migration from one city to another city is called __________ to __________ migration.
Answer: urban, urban - Migration from one village to another village is known as __________ to __________ migration.
Answer: rural, rural - Migration from cities to villages is called __________ to __________ migration.
Answer: urban, rural - __________ migration occurs when people move for education, jobs, or better lifestyle.
Answer: Voluntary - People forced to leave their homes due to natural disasters or war face __________ migration.
Answer: forced - A major economic cause of migration is __________.
Answer: unemployment - A major social cause of migration is __________.
Answer: religious or social oppression - One of the environmental causes of migration is __________.
Answer: recurring natural disasters - Political unrest and war are examples of __________ causes of migration.
Answer: political - Migration affects the __________ composition of both source and destination regions.
Answer: population - Migration from rural areas often leads to labour shortages in the __________ areas.
Answer: rural - The inflow of migrants increases pressure on __________ amenities in urban areas.
Answer: civic - Overcrowding in cities due to migration results in the growth of __________.
Answer: slums - Migrants contribute to cities by supplying __________ for industries and services.
Answer: labour - Migration results in __________ exchange between different cultures.
Answer: cultural - Skilled professionals moving abroad cause __________ drain.
Answer: brain - The money sent home by migrants is called __________.
Answer: remittances - One of the major positive impacts of migration is economic __________.
Answer: development - Migration may cause __________ in the family system, especially in rural areas.
Answer: breakdown - Migration can lead to __________ pollution due to unplanned settlements.
Answer: environmental - Migration can affect the __________ pattern in voting areas.
Answer: political - Reverse migration often happens after __________.
Answer: retirement - The movement of population affects the age and __________ structure of regions.
Answer: sex - A region with too many migrants may suffer from __________ of resources.
Answer: depletion - Movement for short-term seasonal work is an example of __________ migration.
Answer: temporary - Urban slums generally lack basic facilities like water, sanitation, and __________.
Answer: electricity - To reduce migration, rural areas must be provided with better __________.
Answer: infrastructure - One of the environmental consequences of migration is cutting down of __________.
Answer: forests - Migration may result in greater __________ among different communities.
Answer: interaction - Discrimination and exploitation are common __________ faced by migrants.
Answer: challenges - Migration leads to uneven __________ distribution in the country.
Answer: population - Cities receiving migrants need to improve their __________ planning.
Answer: urban - Migration can also occur due to failure of __________ crops.
Answer: monsoon - Migrants often face lack of __________ opportunities in their new location.
Answer: employment - Urban migration is one of the reasons for __________ in cities.
Answer: overcrowding - A person displaced due to climate change is often called a __________ refugee.
Answer: climate - Migration reduces the pressure on land and __________ in villages.
Answer: resources - Emigration leads to a fall in __________ rate in the source country.
Answer: population growth - Lack of basic education in rural areas forces people to migrate to __________.
Answer: urban areas - Migration contributes to the growth of __________ economy in cities.
Answer: informal - Increased use of vehicles due to migration raises __________ levels.
Answer: pollution - Migration helps in the spread of __________ ideas and innovations.
Answer: new - Unplanned migration may disturb the ecological __________ of an area.
Answer: balance - Migration is both a __________ and a __________ for society.
Answer: challenge, benefit
Name the Following
- Name the movement of people from one place to another for better living.
Answer: Migration - Name the migration that occurs within a country’s boundaries.
Answer: Internal migration - Name the migration that takes place from one country to another.
Answer: External migration - Name the term for a person who moves out of their home country.
Answer: Emigrant - Name the term for a person who comes to settle in a new country.
Answer: Immigrant - Name the most common type of internal migration in India.
Answer: Rural to urban migration - Name the type of migration from one city to another city.
Answer: Urban to urban migration - Name the type of migration from one village to another village.
Answer: Rural to rural migration - Name the type of migration where people move from cities to villages.
Answer: Urban to rural migration - Name the migration that is caused by the will or choice of the migrant.
Answer: Voluntary migration - Name the migration that occurs due to compulsion, like disasters or wars.
Answer: Forced migration - Name the factor that forces people to leave their place of residence.
Answer: Push factor - Name the factor that attracts people to a new place.
Answer: Pull factor - Name one economic cause of migration.
Answer: Unemployment - Name one social cause of migration.
Answer: Religious or social oppression - Name one environmental cause of migration.
Answer: Recurring natural disasters - Name one political cause of migration.
Answer: Political instability or war - Name the exchange of customs and traditions due to migration.
Answer: Cultural exchange - Name the type of migration that results in brain drain.
Answer: International migration - Name the money sent back home by migrants.
Answer: Remittances - Name the area that experiences labour shortages due to migration.
Answer: Rural area - Name the area that experiences pressure on civic amenities due to migration.
Answer: Urban area - Name the settlements formed in overcrowded urban areas.
Answer: Slums - Name the group of people who migrate for agricultural work.
Answer: Agricultural labourers - Name the migration that occurs due to job promotions and transfers.
Answer: Urban to urban migration - Name the major cause of slum development.
Answer: Overcrowding due to migration - Name the sector that benefits from migrant labour in cities.
Answer: Industrial sector - Name the condition of lack of housing and sanitation in migrant areas.
Answer: Poor living conditions - Name the structure affected by disintegration of rural families due to migration.
Answer: Joint family system - Name the imbalance caused in population due to migration.
Answer: Demographic imbalance - Name the system that changes due to migration-induced voting pattern shifts.
Answer: Political system - Name the place migrants leave.
Answer: Source region - Name the place migrants settle in.
Answer: Destination region - Name the major environmental impact of migration on cities.
Answer: Environmental degradation - Name the type of pollution increased due to migration.
Answer: Air pollution - Name one solution to reduce rural to urban migration.
Answer: Development of rural infrastructure - Name the system responsible for town planning and infrastructure.
Answer: Urban planning authority - Name the stage of life when reverse migration often occurs.
Answer: Retirement - Name the professionals who migrate and cause loss to the home country.
Answer: Skilled professionals - Name the pattern of uneven population caused by migration.
Answer: Uneven population distribution - Name one international reason why people migrate.
Answer: Better job opportunities abroad - Name the economic sector that receives money from migrants working abroad.
Answer: Home country’s economy - Name the physical environment affected by increased population.
Answer: Natural environment - Name the concept of people displaced due to climate change.
Answer: Climate refugees - Name one government step to control migration.
Answer: Rural employment schemes - Name the main driver of urban overcrowding.
Answer: Migration from rural areas - Name the housing problem faced by migrants in cities.
Answer: Lack of affordable housing - Name the place affected by resource depletion due to migration.
Answer: Urban settlements - Name the social issue caused by cultural differences among migrants.
Answer: Social tension - Name the way migration contributes to the economy of the host city.
Answer: Supply of labour and services
Answer in One Word
- What is the term for movement of people from one place to another?
Answer: Migration - What kind of migration happens within a country?
Answer: Internal - What kind of migration involves movement across countries?
Answer: External - Who is a person leaving a country called?
Answer: Emigrant - Who is a person entering a country called?
Answer: Immigrant - What is the most common type of migration in India?
Answer: Rural-to-urban - What is migration from one city to another called?
Answer: Urban-to-urban - What is migration from one village to another called?
Answer: Rural-to-rural - What is migration from a city to a village called?
Answer: Urban-to-rural - What is migration by personal choice known as?
Answer: Voluntary - What is migration due to disasters or war called?
Answer: Forced - What type of factor compels people to leave a place?
Answer: Push - What type of factor attracts people to a new place?
Answer: Pull - What is a major economic cause of migration?
Answer: Unemployment - What is a major environmental cause of migration?
Answer: Drought - What is a major social cause of migration?
Answer: Oppression - What is a major political cause of migration?
Answer: War - What kind of shortage occurs in villages due to migration?
Answer: Labour - What kind of pressure increases in cities due to migration?
Answer: Overcrowding - What is the unplanned housing area formed in cities called?
Answer: Slums - What is the structure of population affected by migration?
Answer: Composition - What is the process of cultural sharing due to migration?
Answer: Exchange - What is the outflow of skilled population called?
Answer: Brain-drain - What is the money sent home by migrants called?
Answer: Remittances - What type of migration occurs during seasonal agricultural work?
Answer: Temporary - What is one environmental impact of migration?
Answer: Pollution - What sector gets migrant workers in urban areas?
Answer: Industry - What is the type of migration after retirement?
Answer: Urban-to-rural - What breaks down due to migration in villages?
Answer: Family - What becomes strained in urban areas due to migration?
Answer: Resources - What is the planning authority that manages cities?
Answer: Municipality - What is affected politically by changes in migration patterns?
Answer: Voting - What is the area people move from called?
Answer: Source - What is the area people move to called?
Answer: Destination - What type of economy benefits from migration?
Answer: Urban - What is increased use of cars due to migration causing?
Answer: Traffic - What is one major cause of reverse migration?
Answer: Retirement - What is the movement for better job or education called?
Answer: Migration - What leads to the formation of urban slums?
Answer: Overpopulation - What can migration lead to among different communities?
Answer: Tension - What is required in rural areas to reduce migration?
Answer: Infrastructure - What is the most basic need of migrants in cities?
Answer: Housing - What problem do migrants face in job search?
Answer: Competition - What does emigration cause in source countries?
Answer: Loss - What does immigration cause in destination countries?
Answer: Gain - What is the structure of families affected by migration?
Answer: Joint - What can be reduced in villages due to migration?
Answer: Pressure - What is the emotional problem faced by many migrants?
Answer: Isolation - What is a major reason for youth migration?
Answer: Employment - What is the term for those displaced due to climate?
Answer: Refugees
ICSE - Grade 9 - Physics
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Measurement and Experimentation
- Chapter 2 Motion in one dimension
- Chapter 3 Laws of Motion
- Chapter 4 Pressure in fluids and Atmospheric pressure
- Chapter 5 Upthrust in Fluids, Archimedes’ Principle and Floatation
- Chapter 6 Heat and energy
- Chapter 7 Reflection of light
- Chapter 8 Propagation of Sound waves
- Chapter 9 Current Electricity
- Chapter 10 Magnetism
ICSE - Grade 9 - Chemistry
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 The Language of Chemistry
- Chapter 2 Chemical Changes and Reactions
- Chapter 3 Water
- Chapter 4 Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding
- Chapter 5 The periodic table
- Chapter 6 Study of the first Element Hydrogen
- Chapter 7 Study of Gas laws
- Chapter 8 Atmospheric Pollution
ICSE - Grade 9 - Mathematics
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Rational and Irrational Numbers
- Chapter 2 Compound Interest [Without Using Formula]
- Chapter 3 Compound Interest [Using Formula]
- Chapter 4 Expansions
- Chapter 5 Factorisation
- Chapter 6 Simultaneous Equations
- Chapter 7 Indices
- Chapter 8 Logarithms
- Chapter 9 Triangles
- Chapter 10 Isosceles Triangles
- Chapter 11 Inequalities
- Chapter 12 Midpoint and Its Converse
- Chapter 13 Pythagoras Theorem
- Chapter 14 Rectilinear Figures
- Chapter 15 Construction of Polygons
- Chapter 16 Area Theorems
- Chapter 17 Circle
- Chapter 18 Statistics
- Chapter 19 Mean and Median
- Chapter 20 Area and Perimeter of Plane Figures
- Chapter 21 Solids
- Chapter 22 Trigonometrical Ratios
- Chapter 23 Trigonometrical Ratios of Standard Angles
- Chapter 24 Solutions of Right Triangles
- Chapter 25 Complementary Angles
- Chapter 26 Coordinate Geometry
- Chapter 27 Graphical Solution
- Chapter 28 Distance Formula
ICSE - Grade 9 - Biology
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 Introducing Biology
- Chapter 2 Cell: The Unit Of Life
- Chapter 3 Tissues: Plant And Animal Tissue
- Chapter 4 The Flower
- Chapter 5 Pollination and Fertilization
- Chapter 6 Seeds: Structure and Germination
- Chapter 7 Respiration in Plants
- Chapter 8 Five Kingdom Classification
- Chapter 9 Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
- Chapter 10 Nutrition
- Chapter 11 Digestive system
- Chapter 12 Skeleton: Movement and Locomotion
- Chapter 13 Skin: The Jack of all trades
- Chapter 14 The Respiratory System
- Chapter 15 Hygiene: [A key to Healthy Life]
- Chapter 16 Diseases: Cause and Control
- Chapter 17 Aids to Health
- Chapter 18 Health Organizations
- Chapter 19 Waste Generation and Management
ICSE - Grade 9 - History
All Chapters
- Chapter 1 – The Harappan Civilisation
- Chapter 2 – The Vedic Period
- Chapter 3 – Jainism and Buddhism
- Chapter 4 – The Mauryan Empire
- History — Chapter 5
The Sangam Age - Chapter 6 – The Age of the Guptas
- Chapter 7 – Medieval India — (A) The Cholas
- Chapter 8 – Medieval India — (B) The Delhi Sultanate
- Chapter 9 – Medieval India — (C) The Mughal Empire
- Chapter 10 – Medieval India — (D) Composite Culture
- Chapter 11 – The Modern Age in Europe — (A) Renaissance
- Chapter 12 – The Modern Age in Europe — (B) Reformation
- Chapter 13 – The Modern Age in Europe — (C) Industrial Revolution
ICSE - Grade 9 - Civics
All Chapters
- Chapter 1: Our Constitution
- Chapter 2: Salient Features of the Constitution — I
- Chapter 3: Salient Features of the
- Constitution — II
- Chapter 4: Elections
- Chapter 5: Local Self-Government — Rural
- Chapter 6: Local Self-Government — Urban
ICSE - Grade 9 - Geography
All Chapters
- Ch 1 – Earth as a Planet
Ch 2 – Geographic Grid: Latitudes and Longitudes
Ch 3 – Rotation and Revolution
Ch 4 – Earth’s Structure
Ch 5 – Landforms of the Earth
Ch 6 – Rocks
Ch 7 – Volcanoes
Ch 8 – Earthquakes
Ch 9 – Weathering
Ch 10 – Denudation
Ch 11 – Hydrosphere
Ch 12 – Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere
Ch 13 – Insolation
Ch 14 – Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
Ch 15 – Humidity
Ch 16 – Pollution
Ch 17 – Sources of Pollution
Ch 18 – Effects of Pollution
Ch 19 – Preventive Measures
Ch 20 – Natural Regions of the World
Find the Odd Man Out
- Emigration, Immigration, Urbanisation, Migration
Answer: Urbanisation
Explanation: Others are types or aspects of migration; urbanisation is a consequence, not a form. - Rural to Urban, Rural to Rural, Urban to Urban, Intercontinental
Answer: Intercontinental
Explanation: Others are types of internal migration; intercontinental is external migration. - War, Drought, Famine, Tourism
Answer: Tourism
Explanation: Others are push factors of migration; tourism is not a cause for migration. - Population growth, Resource depletion, Cultural exchange, Overcrowding
Answer: Cultural exchange
Explanation: Others are negative impacts; cultural exchange is a positive impact. - Push factor, Pull factor, Migrant, Earthquake
Answer: Earthquake
Explanation: Others are human migration terms; earthquake is a natural event. - Better jobs, Political freedom, Education, Overpopulation
Answer: Overpopulation
Explanation: Others are pull factors; overpopulation is a push factor. - Remittances, Brain drain, Emigration, Infrastructure
Answer: Infrastructure
Explanation: Others are related to migration effects; infrastructure is a development concept. - Joint family, Urban slum, Air pollution, Overcrowding
Answer: Joint family
Explanation: Others are urban consequences of migration; joint family relates to rural family structure. - Agricultural labourer, Construction worker, Tourist, Factory worker
Answer: Tourist
Explanation: Others are types of migrant workers; tourist is not a migrant. - Poverty, Floods, Better lifestyle, Political unrest
Answer: Better lifestyle
Explanation: Others are push factors; better lifestyle is a pull factor. - Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Nepal
Answer: Nepal
Explanation: Others are Indian cities; Nepal is a different country. - Migration, Relocation, Displacement, Transport
Answer: Transport
Explanation: Others refer to population movement; transport is a means, not an outcome. - Cultural exchange, Slum development, Pollution, Overcrowding
Answer: Cultural exchange
Explanation: Others are negative effects; cultural exchange is a benefit. - Education, Employment, Earthquake, Health care
Answer: Earthquake
Explanation: Others are pull factors; earthquake is a push factor. - Immigrant, Emigrant, Local resident, Migrant
Answer: Local resident
Explanation: Others are mobile populations; local resident does not migrate. - Urban to urban, Forced migration, Rural to rural, Rural to urban
Answer: Forced migration
Explanation: Others are direction types; forced migration is a condition. - Brain drain, Remittances, Reverse migration, Job loss
Answer: Remittances
Explanation: Others are negative impacts; remittances are a positive impact. - Natural disaster, Job loss, Disease outbreak, Promotion
Answer: Promotion
Explanation: Others are push factors; promotion is a pull factor. - Work permit, Visa, Employment, Famine
Answer: Famine
Explanation: Others are legal or economic migration links; famine is a natural cause. - Rural area, Village, City, Countryside
Answer: City
Explanation: Others represent rural settings; city is urban. - Overpopulation, Discrimination, Earthquake, Job opportunity
Answer: Job opportunity
Explanation: Others are push factors; job opportunity is a pull factor. - Construction, Agriculture, Manufacturing, Painting
Answer: Painting
Explanation: Others are mass employment areas for migrants; painting is niche. - Road, Bridge, Labour colony, Migrant camp
Answer: Bridge
Explanation: Others are related to migrant housing; bridge is infrastructure. - Brain drain, Slums, Cultural diversity, Overcrowding
Answer: Cultural diversity
Explanation: Others are negatives; cultural diversity is a positive impact. - Temporary migration, Seasonal migration, Forced migration, Emigration
Answer: Emigration
Explanation: Others describe duration/type; emigration refers to direction. - Pull factor, Family breakdown, Resource depletion, Pollution
Answer: Pull factor
Explanation: Others are effects; pull factor is a cause. - Urbanisation, Slums, Remittance, Shortage of jobs
Answer: Remittance
Explanation: Others are negative urban outcomes; remittance is positive. - Cyclone, Tsunami, Monsoon, Earthquake
Answer: Monsoon
Explanation: Others are natural disasters; monsoon is a seasonal event. - Host country, Destination, Immigrant, Refugee camp
Answer: Refugee camp
Explanation: Others relate to permanent settlement; refugee camp is temporary. - Voting pattern, Job market, Education system, Solar eclipse
Answer: Solar eclipse
Explanation: Others are affected by migration; eclipse is unrelated. - Land shortage, Water crisis, Better wages, Housing problem
Answer: Better wages
Explanation: Others are urban problems; better wages is a pull factor. - Flood, Famine, Literacy, Drought
Answer: Literacy
Explanation: Others are natural causes of migration; literacy is unrelated. - Census, Migration data, Earthquake, Demographic change
Answer: Earthquake
Explanation: Others are population statistics; earthquake is a disaster. - Remittance, Job loss, Cultural clash, Labour shortage
Answer: Remittance
Explanation: Others are negative effects; remittance is beneficial. - Deforestation, Overcrowding, Road widening, Pollution
Answer: Road widening
Explanation: Others are migration-related problems; road widening is a solution. - Push factor, Brain drain, Source region, Pull factor
Answer: Brain drain
Explanation: Others are migration elements; brain drain is an effect. - Old age, War, Flood, Joblessness
Answer: Old age
Explanation: Others are causes of migration; old age is not. - Education, Skilled job, Health facility, Volcanic eruption
Answer: Volcanic eruption
Explanation: Others are pull factors; volcanic eruption is a disaster. - Public transport, Sanitation, Job training, Labour shortage
Answer: Labour shortage
Explanation: Others are urban needs due to migration; labour shortage is rural. - Urban planning, Environmental impact, Slum growth, Pollution
Answer: Urban planning
Explanation: Others are problems due to migration; urban planning is a solution. - Conflict, Poverty, Migration, Democracy
Answer: Democracy
Explanation: Others are migration causes/effects; democracy is a governance system. - Pull factor, Opportunity, Overcrowding, Infrastructure
Answer: Overcrowding
Explanation: Others are migration attractions; overcrowding is a result. - Schooling, Medical aid, Cultural loss, Housing
Answer: Cultural loss
Explanation: Others are migrant needs; cultural loss is a consequence. - Famine, Poverty, Prosperity, Unemployment
Answer: Prosperity
Explanation: Others are push factors; prosperity is not. - Job opportunity, Literacy, Safety, Resource shortage
Answer: Resource shortage
Explanation: Others are pull factors; resource shortage is a push factor. - Home country, Destination, Transit visa, Refugee camp
Answer: Transit visa
Explanation: Others are migrant places; transit visa is a document. - Drainage, Water supply, Sewerage, Family structure
Answer: Family structure
Explanation: Others are civic facilities strained by migration; family structure is a social factor. - Wages, Employment, Shelter, Flood
Answer: Flood
Explanation: Others are pull factors; flood is a push factor. - Housing, Medical facility, Skill development, Terrorism
Answer: Terrorism
Explanation: Others are solutions or services; terrorism is a cause. - Remittances, Language barrier, Pollution, Cultural tension
Answer: Remittances
Explanation: Others are challenges faced by migrants; remittances are beneficial.
Match the Pair
Set 1: Match the Pairs
Column A
- Emigration
- Rural to Urban Migration
- Slums
- Remittances
- Migration
Column B
a) Unplanned settlements in cities
b) Money sent by migrants to home country
c) Movement of people from one place to another
d) Movement out of the home country
e) Movement for better job and living in cities
Answers – Set 1
1 – d
2 – e
3 – a
4 – b
5 – c
Set 2: Match the Pairs
Column A
- Internal migration
- External migration
- Immigrant
- Push factors
- Pull factors
Column B
a) Cause people to leave their native place
b) Movement within a country
c) Attract people to a new place
d) A person entering a new country
e) Movement from one country to another
Answers – Set 2
1 – b
2 – e
3 – d
4 – a
5 – c
Set 3: Match the Pairs
Column A
- Brain drain
- Urban to Urban migration
- Drought
- Political instability
- Agricultural labourers
Column B
a) Skilled professionals moving abroad
b) Movement between two towns or cities
c) Move from village to village for work
d) Lack of rainfall
e) Cause of forced migration
Answers – Set 3
1 – a
2 – b
3 – d
4 – e
5 – c
Set 4: Match the Pairs
Column A
- Environmental impact of migration
- Overcrowding
- Temporary migration
- Urban planning
- Cultural exchange
Column B
a) Sharing of traditions and languages
b) Leads to traffic and housing crisis
c) Moving for seasonal jobs
d) Pollution and deforestation
e) Needed to manage migrant population
Answers – Set 4
1 – d
2 – b
3 – c
4 – e
5 – a
Set 5: Match the Pairs
Column A
- Forced migration
- Reverse migration
- Destination region
- Source region
- Family breakdown
Column B
a) Area from where people migrate
b) Returning to native place
c) Area where people migrate to
d) Caused by separation due to migration
e) Happens due to war, floods, or famine
Answers – Set 5
1 – e
2 – b
3 – c
4 – a
5 – d
Set 6: Match the Pairs
Column A
- Remittance
- Rural employment
- Slum development
- Unemployment
- Urban amenities
Column B
a) Leads to push migration
b) Reduces need to migrate
c) Lack of housing and sanitation
d) Facilities under pressure due to migration
e) Money sent by migrants to home
Answers – Set 6
1 – e
2 – b
3 – c
4 – a
5 – d
Set 7: Match the Pairs
Column A
- Cultural clash
- Better healthcare
- Political unrest
- Shortage of labour
- Construction industry
Column B
a) Common pull factor in cities
b) Destination for rural migrants
c) Push factor for migration
d) Happens in villages due to migration
e) Due to differing customs among communities
Answers – Set 7
1 – e
2 – a
3 – c
4 – d
5 – b
Set 8: Match the Pairs
Column A
- Climate refugees
- Pull factors
- Overpopulation
- Social tension
- Migrant challenges
Column B
a) Caused by lack of civic services
b) Displaced by floods or drought
c) Include education and employment
d) High density causing migration
e) Language, housing, discrimination
Answers – Set 8
1 – b
2 – c
3 – d
4 – a
5 – e
Set 9: Match the Pairs
Column A
- Monsoon failure
- Job opportunity
- Brain drain
- Urban slums
- Education migration
Column B
a) Movement for better learning
b) Movement of skilled youth abroad
c) Pull factor in developed cities
d) Cause of rural migration
e) Unplanned urban settlements
Answers – Set 9
1 – d
2 – c
3 – b
4 – e
5 – a
Set 10: Match the Pairs
Column A
- Urban to rural migration
- Urban overcrowding
- Water shortage
- Reverse migration
- Remittances
Column B
a) Inflow of money from migrants
b) Caused by overuse of city resources
c) People settling in villages post-retirement
d) Due to mass migration into cities
e) Migration from cities to countryside
Answers – Set 10
1 – e
2 – d
3 – b
4 – c
5 – a
Short Answer Questions
- What is migration?
Answer: Migration is the movement of people from one place to another in search of better living conditions. - What is internal migration?
Answer: Internal migration is the movement of people within the boundaries of a country. - What is external migration?
Answer: External migration is the movement of people from one country to another. - Who is an emigrant?
Answer: An emigrant is a person who leaves their own country to settle in another country. - Who is an immigrant?
Answer: An immigrant is a person who enters and settles in a new country from another country. - What is rural to urban migration?
Answer: Rural to urban migration is the movement of people from villages to cities in search of better job opportunities and living conditions. - What is urban to rural migration?
Answer: Urban to rural migration is the movement of people from cities to villages, often after retirement or for a peaceful life. - What is rural to rural migration?
Answer: Rural to rural migration is the movement of people from one village to another, usually for agricultural work. - What is urban to urban migration?
Answer: Urban to urban migration is the movement of people from one town or city to another. - What are push factors?
Answer: Push factors are conditions that compel people to leave their native place, such as poverty, unemployment, and natural disasters. - What are pull factors?
Answer: Pull factors are conditions that attract people to a new place, such as job opportunities and better living facilities. - Give one economic cause of migration.
Answer: Unemployment is an economic cause of migration. - Give one social cause of migration.
Answer: Religious or social oppression is a social cause of migration. - Give one environmental cause of migration.
Answer: Recurring natural disasters like floods or droughts are environmental causes of migration. - What is voluntary migration?
Answer: Voluntary migration occurs when people move by their own choice for better opportunities. - What is forced migration?
Answer: Forced migration occurs when people are compelled to move due to natural calamities, war, or persecution. - What is brain drain?
Answer: Brain drain is the emigration of skilled and educated people from one country to another. - What are remittances?
Answer: Remittances are the money sent by migrants to their families in their home country. - What is reverse migration?
Answer: Reverse migration is when people return from urban to rural areas, often after retirement. - How does migration affect the population composition?
Answer: Migration changes the age, sex, and skill structure of the population in both source and destination areas. - How does migration affect the rural areas?
Answer: Migration can lead to labour shortages and breakdown of family structures in rural areas. - How does migration affect the urban areas?
Answer: Migration causes overcrowding, pressure on housing, water, and other civic amenities in cities. - What is the impact of migration on social structure?
Answer: Migration leads to cultural exchange but may also cause social tensions and discrimination. - How does migration affect economic activities?
Answer: Migration provides labour for industries and services but may also lead to unemployment in urban areas. - Name one political impact of migration.
Answer: Migration can affect voting patterns and political representation in the destination area. - What environmental problems can migration cause?
Answer: Migration can lead to environmental degradation due to overuse of resources and pollution. - What are slums?
Answer: Slums are overcrowded, unplanned urban settlements with poor housing and sanitation. - Why do agricultural labourers migrate?
Answer: Agricultural labourers migrate to other villages or towns in search of seasonal work and income. - How can migration lead to cultural exchange?
Answer: Migrants bring their own language, customs, and traditions, which mix with those of the host region. - What challenges do migrants face in cities?
Answer: Migrants often face discrimination, lack of housing, language barriers, and low wages. - What is the role of migration in urbanisation?
Answer: Migration from rural areas increases urban population and leads to the growth of towns and cities. - How can migration reduce rural poverty?
Answer: Migrants send remittances that support their families and improve living standards in villages. - Name one positive impact of migration.
Answer: One positive impact is the availability of labour for urban industries. - Name one negative impact of migration.
Answer: One negative impact is the growth of slums in urban areas. - How can migration affect health services in cities?
Answer: Increased population puts pressure on existing health facilities, reducing quality of services. - What is meant by cultural tension in migration?
Answer: Cultural tension refers to conflicts that arise between migrants and locals due to differences in customs and beliefs. - Why do people migrate during natural disasters?
Answer: People migrate to escape destruction, loss of livelihood, and to seek safety. - What is meant by population redistribution?
Answer: Population redistribution refers to the movement of people from densely to sparsely populated areas due to migration. - What are the effects of migration on family life?
Answer: Migration can break joint families, cause separation, and increase responsibilities for women. - How does migration affect literacy rates?
Answer: Migration to cities can increase literacy if migrants get access to education. - What is a refugee?
Answer: A refugee is a person who is forced to leave their country due to war, persecution, or disaster. - What are climate refugees?
Answer: Climate refugees are people displaced due to climate-related disasters like floods, droughts, or rising sea levels. - How does migration affect the environment in destination regions?
Answer: It leads to deforestation, pollution, and increased waste due to population pressure. - Why is employment a pull factor?
Answer: People migrate to areas offering job opportunities to improve their living conditions. - What role does education play in migration?
Answer: People migrate to access better educational facilities, especially in urban areas or foreign countries. - How can rural development reduce migration?
Answer: Providing jobs, infrastructure, and services in villages can reduce the need to migrate to cities. - Why is water shortage common in migrant-receiving cities?
Answer: Increased population due to migration raises water demand, exceeding supply. - What is the relation between migration and housing problems?
Answer: Migrants settle in slums due to lack of affordable housing, causing overcrowding. - How does migration impact children of migrant families?
Answer: Children may face disruption in education, poor living conditions, and social exclusion. - What steps can be taken to manage migration effectively?
Answer: Balanced regional development, better rural infrastructure, and urban planning can manage migration effectively.
Puzzles
- I push people away due to war, poverty, or disasters. What kind of factor am I?
Answer: Push Factor - You leave me when you emigrate. What am I?
Answer: Home Country - I attract migrants with education, jobs, and safety. What kind of factor am I?
Answer: Pull Factor - Find the odd one out: Remittance, Brain Drain, Migration, Desert
Answer: Desert - I am caused when migrants build houses in unplanned areas with poor sanitation. What am I?
Answer: Slum - Guess me: I am a type of migration from one city to another.
Answer: Urban to Urban Migration - What connects employment, healthcare, and education in terms of migration?
Answer: Pull Factors - I describe the movement of people from one place to another. What am I?
Answer: Migration - Find the odd one out: Political Instability, Earthquake, Slum, Unemployment
Answer: Slum - I result when skilled workers move abroad permanently. What am I?
Answer: Brain Drain - I cause migrants to leave during floods, droughts, and famine. Who am I?
Answer: Natural Disaster - I send money home after finding work abroad. What am I called?
Answer: Remittance - Which term best fits the following: war, persecution, earthquake?
Answer: Forced Migration - What links lack of jobs, poor education, and social oppression?
Answer: Causes of Migration - I am known as moving from cities back to villages. What am I?
Answer: Reverse Migration - Guess the term: Migration that crosses national borders.
Answer: External Migration - Find the odd one: Emigrant, Immigrant, Internal Migrant, Tourist
Answer: Tourist - I happen when migrants arrive in cities in large numbers, but there are not enough houses.
Answer: Overcrowding - Guess the migration type: From a town to another bigger city.
Answer: Urban to Urban Migration - I describe a person fleeing war and seeking safety. What am I?
Answer: Refugee - I am a seasonal type of migration, often seen in agriculture. What am I?
Answer: Temporary Migration - Find the odd one: Slum, Pull Factor, Remittance, Literacy
Answer: Slum - I describe the movement within the same country.
Answer: Internal Migration - What connects poverty, lack of food, and repeated droughts?
Answer: Push Factors - I attract people to cities for better opportunities. What term am I?
Answer: Pull Factor - I happen when migrants enter a new country to settle.
Answer: Immigration - I happen when someone leaves their country to live in another.
Answer: Emigration - Find the odd one: Overcrowding, Remittance, Pollution, Deforestation
Answer: Remittance - I can cause political and social tension in cities. What am I?
Answer: Migration - I refer to the movement of people during harvest season to nearby towns.
Answer: Seasonal Migration - Guess me: I am a major negative environmental effect of unchecked migration.
Answer: Pollution - I happen when migrants are unable to find jobs or housing in cities.
Answer: Urban Unemployment - Find the odd one out: Brain Drain, Skilled Worker, Remittance, Illiterate Labour
Answer: Illiterate Labour - I describe the inflow of people into a country.
Answer: Immigration - I describe the outflow of people from a country.
Answer: Emigration - Guess what I am: I lead to shortage of labour in the home village.
Answer: Migration - I increase when families get remittances from migrants.
Answer: Standard of Living - Find the odd one: Infrastructure, Brain Drain, Push Factor, Disaster
Answer: Infrastructure - I happen when people are forced to move because of war or floods.
Answer: Forced Migration - I create stress on transportation, housing, and hospitals in cities.
Answer: Migration - Guess me: I am a person who leaves their native place due to poor living conditions.
Answer: Migrant - I am a positive outcome of migration for the home country.
Answer: Remittance - I refer to areas where migrants live without proper water or sanitation.
Answer: Slum - Find the odd one: Urban to Urban, Urban to Rural, External Migration, Shopping
Answer: Shopping - I am an effect of overpopulation caused by migration.
Answer: Slum Formation - I push people away, but my opposite pulls them in. What am I?
Answer: Push Factor - I describe people entering a country; my opposite is emigrant.
Answer: Immigrant - I refer to the difference in population numbers before and after migration.
Answer: Population Composition - Guess me: My growth is the direct result of large-scale migration to cities.
Answer: Urbanisation - I happen when people leave their villages but their families stay behind.
Answer: Partial Migration
Difference Between:
- Difference between Internal Migration and External Migration
Answer:
- Internal migration refers to the movement of people within the same country.
- External migration involves movement across international borders, from one country to another.
- Difference between Rural to Urban Migration and Urban to Rural Migration
Answer:
- Rural to urban migration is the movement from villages to cities in search of better opportunities.
- Urban to rural migration is when people move from cities to villages, often after retirement or to escape city life.
- Difference between Emigration and Immigration
Answer:
- Emigration is the act of leaving one’s own country to settle in another.
- Immigration is the act of entering a foreign country to live there permanently.
- Difference between Push Factors and Pull Factors
Answer:
- Push factors are conditions that force people to leave their native place (e.g., poverty, disasters).
- Pull factors are attractions that draw people to a new place (e.g., jobs, better living standards).
- Difference between Temporary Migration and Permanent Migration
Answer:
- Temporary migration is for a short period, often for seasonal work.
- Permanent migration means settling in a new place permanently.
- Difference between Voluntary Migration and Forced Migration
Answer:
- Voluntary migration is a choice made by individuals for better opportunities.
- Forced migration occurs due to natural disasters, wars, or persecution, leaving no choice.
- Difference between Skilled Migration and Unskilled Migration
Answer:
- Skilled migration involves movement of educated professionals like doctors or engineers.
- Unskilled migration involves labourers and workers with little formal education.
- Difference between Seasonal Migration and Reverse Migration
Answer:
- Seasonal migration is temporary and occurs during specific seasons, especially in agriculture.
- Reverse migration is the movement back to rural areas from cities, often post-retirement.
- Difference between Rural to Rural Migration and Urban to Urban Migration
Answer:
- Rural to rural migration is movement between two villages for farming or labour work.
- Urban to urban migration involves moving between cities for better employment or lifestyle.
- Difference between Brain Drain and Remittance
Answer:
- Brain drain is the loss of skilled professionals from one country to another.
- Remittance is the money sent back home by migrants to their families.
- Difference between Impact on Rural Areas and Impact on Urban Areas
Answer:
- In rural areas, migration leads to labour shortage and family separation.
- In urban areas, it leads to overcrowding, slums, and pressure on infrastructure.
- Difference between Legal Migration and Illegal Migration
Answer:
- Legal migration is done with official permission and documents.
- Illegal migration is done without government approval or proper documentation.
- Difference between Migration for Economic Reasons and Migration for Social Reasons
Answer:
- Economic migration is driven by job opportunities and poverty.
- Social migration is influenced by marriage, education, or family.
- Difference between Natural Disasters and Man-made Disasters (as causes of migration)
Answer:
- Natural disasters like floods and droughts force people to migrate.
- Man-made disasters include wars or industrial accidents causing displacement.
- Difference between Impact on Population Composition and Impact on Social Structure
Answer:
- Population composition changes in age, sex ratio due to migration.
- Social structure changes include family breakdown and role shifts.
- Difference between Host Country and Source Country
Answer:
- Host country is where migrants settle and work.
- Source country is the original place the migrants leave.
- Difference between Refugee and Migrant
Answer:
- Refugees are forced to flee due to persecution, war, or disaster.
- Migrants may move voluntarily for work, education, or better life.
- Difference between Positive Economic Impact and Negative Economic Impact
Answer:
- Positive: Migrants contribute labour and send remittances.
- Negative: Strain on jobs, housing, and city infrastructure.
- Difference between Planned Settlement and Unplanned Settlement
Answer:
- Planned settlements have proper roads, drainage, and utilities.
- Unplanned settlements (slums) lack basic services and planning.
- Difference between International Migration and Interstate Migration
Answer:
- International migration is movement across countries.
- Interstate migration is movement between states within the same country.
Assertion and Reason
The answer format used is:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
C. A is true, but R is false
D. A is false, but R is true
- Assertion (A): Migration leads to urban overcrowding.
Reason (R): Migrants increase demand for housing and services in cities.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Emigration increases the population of the home country.
Reason (R): Emigrants send remittances to their families.
Answer: C - Assertion (A): Migration alters the population composition of the destination area.
Reason (R): Most migrants are elderly and retired people.
Answer: C - Assertion (A): Brain drain harms the source country’s economy.
Reason (R): It causes the loss of skilled and educated people.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Pull factors encourage people to leave their homeland.
Reason (R): Pull factors include unemployment and poverty.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): Internal migration occurs within a country.
Reason (R): Movement from India to Nepal is an example of internal migration.
Answer: C - Assertion (A): Rural to urban migration supplies labour to industries.
Reason (R): Cities offer more employment opportunities than villages.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Overpopulation in urban areas improves the standard of living.
Reason (R): More people in cities lead to better development.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): Emigration results in remittances for the home country.
Reason (R): Emigrants often send part of their income to their families.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Environmental degradation can result from migration.
Reason (R): Migration reduces use of natural resources.
Answer: C - Assertion (A): Forced migration happens during wars and natural disasters.
Reason (R): People are compelled to leave unsafe places for survival.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Migration always reduces unemployment in the source area.
Reason (R): Migration instantly creates new jobs in villages.
Answer: C - Assertion (A): Migrants may face discrimination in new areas.
Reason (R): Migrants often belong to different social or cultural backgrounds.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Cultural exchange is a negative impact of migration.
Reason (R): It leads to conflict between migrants and locals.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): Overcrowding leads to the growth of slums in cities.
Reason (R): Cities cannot always provide adequate housing to all migrants.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Political instability is a pull factor.
Reason (R): People prefer to settle in areas with better safety and governance.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): Migration reduces pressure on rural resources.
Reason (R): Fewer people in villages lead to less use of land and water.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Urban to rural migration is more common than rural to urban.
Reason (R): Cities provide better job opportunities.
Answer: C - Assertion (A): Migration can lead to family breakdown in rural areas.
Reason (R): Often only one member of the family migrates.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Migrants always get high-paying jobs in cities.
Reason (R): Cities have an unlimited supply of jobs.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): Job loss is a major reason for forced migration.
Reason (R): Forced migration happens without any choice.
Answer: B - Assertion (A): Migration can change the language and culture of a region.
Reason (R): Migrants bring new traditions, languages, and lifestyles.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): All migration is temporary.
Reason (R): Migrants usually return to their native places after a few months.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): Urban areas suffer from water shortages due to migration.
Reason (R): Higher population increases the demand for water.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Emigration leads to urban slums.
Reason (R): People leaving the country build unauthorized homes.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): Skilled professionals migrating abroad contribute to brain drain.
Reason (R): Their absence affects the development of the home country.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Natural disasters can cause large-scale migration.
Reason (R): People move away to protect their lives and property.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Overcrowded urban areas always have efficient public transport.
Reason (R): Government ensures well-planned transport in all cities.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): Migration leads to the growth of the informal sector.
Reason (R): Migrants often work in unorganised jobs.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Migration helps reduce rural poverty.
Reason (R): Migrants earn in cities and send money back home.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Discrimination is a common experience for migrants.
Reason (R): Locals may feel migrants are competing for jobs.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Migration decreases environmental pressure in cities.
Reason (R): Cities are built to handle unlimited population.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): Reverse migration is migration from villages to cities.
Reason (R): Reverse means going back to rural areas.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): Pull factors include better healthcare and education.
Reason (R): People seek better services and opportunities.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Migration has no effect on the political system.
Reason (R): Migrants cannot vote in elections.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): Migrants may settle in cities permanently.
Reason (R): Cities often offer more opportunities for growth.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Climate refugees are people displaced by wars.
Reason (R): Climate change includes natural disasters like floods and droughts.
Answer: C - Assertion (A): Government schemes in villages can reduce migration.
Reason (R): Employment and facilities reduce the need to move to cities.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Literacy always increases after migration.
Reason (R): Migrants must attend school in cities.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): People may migrate due to social insecurity.
Reason (R): Discrimination and lack of rights are push factors.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Migration decreases the workforce in urban areas.
Reason (R): Migrants only settle in rural areas.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): Overuse of resources is a result of urban migration.
Reason (R): Cities become overcrowded and demand more services.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Migration can reduce cultural diversity.
Reason (R): Migrants adopt the culture of host communities.
Answer: C - Assertion (A): Migrants often live in poor sanitary conditions.
Reason (R): They cannot afford proper housing in cities.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Migration has only negative effects on cities.
Reason (R): All migrants cause pollution and unemployment.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): Development of villages can stop migration.
Reason (R): People migrate in search of better facilities and jobs.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Migration changes both the source and destination regions.
Reason (R): It affects population structure, economy, and society in both areas.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Migration causes a uniform distribution of population.
Reason (R): People settle equally in all parts of the country.
Answer: D - Assertion (A): International migrants can face language barriers.
Reason (R): They may not be familiar with the local language of the new country.
Answer: A - Assertion (A): Migration leads to environmental conservation.
Reason (R): Migrants plant more trees in urban areas.
Answer: D
True or False
- Migration refers to the movement of goods and services.
Answer: False - Migration can be both temporary and permanent.
Answer: True - Internal migration takes place across national borders.
Answer: False - External migration involves movement within a country.
Answer: False - A person who leaves their country is called an emigrant.
Answer: True - A person who enters a new country to settle is an immigrant.
Answer: True - Rural to urban migration is the most common type of internal migration in India.
Answer: True - Urban to rural migration increases the rural population.
Answer: True - Pull factors force people to leave their home regions.
Answer: False - Push factors include poverty, unemployment, and disasters.
Answer: True - Migration always leads to a decrease in population in destination areas.
Answer: False - One of the effects of migration is the growth of slums in cities.
Answer: True - Migration has no impact on the environment.
Answer: False - Disasters like floods and earthquakes can cause forced migration.
Answer: True - Migration does not affect the age or sex composition of a population.
Answer: False - Remittances are money sent by migrants to their home country.
Answer: True - Brain drain strengthens the home country’s economy.
Answer: False - Cultural exchange is a positive impact of migration.
Answer: True - Migrants never face challenges in the new areas they move to.
Answer: False - Overpopulation in rural areas may lead to migration.
Answer: True - Migrants are always welcomed in the cities they move to.
Answer: False - Migration helps balance the population between regions.
Answer: True - Migration can cause social tension in destination areas.
Answer: True - Urban areas have unlimited resources to support migrants.
Answer: False - Migration contributes to increased demand for water and housing.
Answer: True - Political unrest can lead to forced migration.
Answer: True - Reverse migration is movement from villages to cities.
Answer: False - Migration only occurs for economic reasons.
Answer: False - Cultural diversity can result from migration.
Answer: True - Slums provide clean and healthy living conditions.
Answer: False - Migrants always return to their native places after a short time.
Answer: False - Urbanisation is linked to rural to urban migration.
Answer: True - Migration never affects the political system of a region.
Answer: False - Migrants may face discrimination and language barriers.
Answer: True - Labour shortages in villages can be caused by migration.
Answer: True - Migration reduces pressure on rural land and resources.
Answer: True - Better education and healthcare are pull factors of migration.
Answer: True - Every migrant is unskilled.
Answer: False - Rural to rural migration is common among agricultural labourers.
Answer: True - Cities may become overcrowded due to high migration rates.
Answer: True - Migration does not change the cultural structure of a region.
Answer: False - Migrants contribute to the host economy through labour.
Answer: True - Migration improves infrastructure in source regions.
Answer: False - Drought is an environmental push factor.
Answer: True - Pull factors include better job opportunities and high wages.
Answer: True - Migration does not affect urban planning.
Answer: False - Brain drain involves the movement of unskilled workers.
Answer: False - Migration can be seasonal in nature.
Answer: True - Migration always reduces poverty in the source area.
Answer: False - Climate refugees are displaced due to environmental changes.
Answer: True
Long Answer Questions
- Define migration and explain its different types.
Answer:
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another in search of better living conditions, employment, education, or safety. It can be:
- Internal Migration: Movement within a country (e.g., rural to urban, rural to rural, etc.)
- External Migration: Movement from one country to another
Migration can also be classified as voluntary or forced, temporary or permanent.
- What is internal migration? Describe its types.
Answer:
Internal migration is the movement of people within the same country.
Types include:
- Rural to Urban: Villagers move to cities for jobs and facilities
- Urban to Urban: Movement between cities due to job transfers or business
- Rural to Rural: Movement between villages, often for seasonal agricultural work
- Urban to Rural: Movement to villages after retirement or for peaceful life
- What is external migration? Explain emigration and immigration.
Answer:
External migration refers to the movement of people from one country to another.
- Emigration is when people leave their own country to settle elsewhere
- Immigration is when people enter and settle in a new country
These migrations may be for employment, education, or safety from war or disasters.
- What are the major causes of migration?
Answer:
Migration is caused by:
- Economic factors: Unemployment, poverty, and better job opportunities
- Social factors: Religious or social oppression
- Environmental factors: Droughts, floods, earthquakes
- Political factors: War, political instability
- Developmental factors: Better education, healthcare, and living conditions
- Explain push and pull factors of migration with examples.
Answer:
- Push factors force people to leave their native place, e.g., poverty, natural disasters
- Pull factors attract people to a new area, e.g., employment, education, safety
Example: Drought (push) forces migration, while city jobs (pull) attract migrants
- Describe the impact of migration on the population composition.
Answer:
Migration changes the age and sex structure of the population:
- Source areas may lose young working-age people
- Destination areas may gain a young labour force
This can result in demographic imbalances and altered dependency ratios.
- What are the economic impacts of migration?
Answer:
Positive impacts include:
- Labour supply to industries
- Remittances to home regions
Negative impacts include: - Unemployment in cities
- Labour shortages in villages
Migration can affect both production and consumption patterns.
- Discuss the social effects of migration.
Answer:
Migration leads to cultural exchange and diversity. However, it can also result in:
- Discrimination and social tension
- Breakdown of family systems
- Language barriers and identity issues
- Explain the environmental impacts of migration.
Answer:
Migration leads to:
- Overuse of resources like water, land, and electricity
- Growth of slums with poor sanitation
- Deforestation and pollution due to unplanned urban expansion
- How does migration affect urban areas?
Answer:
Migration increases urban population, leading to:
- Overcrowding
- Slum development
- Pressure on water, housing, healthcare, transport
It can also boost economic activity if managed well.
- How does migration affect rural areas?
Answer:
Migration causes:
- Labour shortages in agriculture
- Family separation
- Reduced population pressure on land
Remittances can help improve rural living conditions.
- What is brain drain and how does it affect the country?
Answer:
Brain drain is the emigration of skilled professionals to other countries.
It results in:
- Loss of talent
- Reduced innovation
- Slow economic and educational development
- What are remittances? State their importance.
Answer:
Remittances are money sent by migrants to their families back home.
They help in:
- Improving living standards
- Supporting education and healthcare
- Reducing poverty in rural areas
- Describe the challenges faced by migrants in urban areas.
Answer:
Migrants face:
- Lack of affordable housing
- Poor sanitation
- Discrimination and low wages
- Language barriers and social exclusion
- How does migration influence urban planning and infrastructure?
Answer:
Migration increases demand for:
- Roads, transport, electricity
- Housing and water supply
If not planned, it leads to overcrowding, traffic, and pollution.
- What is forced migration? Give reasons with examples.
Answer:
Forced migration occurs when people are compelled to move due to:
- Natural disasters (e.g., floods, droughts)
- War or political unrest
Example: Refugees from conflict zones moving to safer regions
- What is voluntary migration? Why does it occur?
Answer:
Voluntary migration occurs when people choose to move, usually for:
- Better jobs
- Education
- Quality of life
Example: A student moving abroad for studies
- What are slums? How are they related to migration?
Answer:
Slums are unplanned urban settlements with poor infrastructure.
They result from:
- Overcrowding due to migration
- Inadequate housing and planning in cities
- How can rural development reduce migration?
Answer:
Rural development provides:
- Employment opportunities
- Better education and healthcare
This reduces the push factors causing rural to urban migration.
- Describe reverse migration with causes.
Answer:
Reverse migration is movement from cities back to villages.
Causes:
- Retirement
- High cost of living in cities
- Remote work opportunities
- Explain the role of migration in cultural exchange.
Answer:
Migration promotes:
- Language sharing
- New food, clothing, and customs
- Broader social tolerance
But it can also lead to cultural clashes if integration fails.
- What is the impact of migration on housing in cities?
Answer:
It creates:
- Shortage of affordable housing
- Growth of slums
- Overcrowding and poor sanitation in city outskirts
- How does migration influence political systems?
Answer:
Migration affects:
- Voting patterns
- Electoral boundaries
- Policy-making due to changing demographics
- What is temporary migration? Give examples.
Answer:
Temporary migration is short-term movement, often seasonal.
Example: Labourers moving to cities during harvest season or festivals
- Why do people migrate during droughts or floods?
Answer:
To escape:
- Crop failure
- Lack of drinking water
- Destruction of homes and livelihoods
- What are climate refugees?
Answer:
People displaced by environmental factors like:
- Floods
- Droughts
- Rising sea levels
They are known as climate refugees.
- What is the impact of migration on water resources?
Answer:
More people means:
- Increased water demand
- Pressure on supply systems
- Potential water scarcity in urban areas
- Describe the concept of population redistribution due to migration.
Answer:
Migration leads to:
- Decreased population in source areas
- Increased population in destination areas
This affects resource allocation and planning
- How does migration impact the education of children?
Answer:
Positive: Access to better schools
Negative: Disruption, dropout, lack of documents
Children may also face discrimination in new schools
- How can governments manage migration effectively?
Answer:
- Develop rural areas
- Improve urban planning
- Provide affordable housing and jobs
- Create inclusive policies for migrants
- How does migration influence literacy rates?
Answer:
Migration to cities may improve literacy through access to schools
But can also reduce it if migrant children are forced into labour
- Why is job opportunity considered a pull factor?
Answer:
Because it attracts people seeking stable income and better standard of living
- Explain how migration affects the environment in cities.
Answer:
- Deforestation to build houses
- Air and water pollution from overuse
- Increased garbage and waste problems
- How can migration lead to family breakdown?
Answer:
- Separation of members
- Increased responsibility on women
- Loss of traditional joint family structure
- Describe urban to urban migration with examples.
Answer:
Movement from one city to another for better jobs, business, or promotion
Example: Moving from Bhopal to Mumbai for a new job
- What steps can be taken to reduce brain drain?
Answer:
- Better job opportunities in home country
- Research funding and education facilities
- Recognition of skilled talent
- How does migration contribute to economic growth?
Answer:
- Provides labour to industries
- Increases demand for goods and services
- Brings remittances to home regions
- What are the disadvantages of overcrowding due to migration?
Answer:
- Traffic congestion
- Lack of sanitation
- Spread of diseases
- Increase in crime rates
- Explain the concept of demographic imbalance caused by migration.
Answer:
Migration may leave rural areas with:
- More elderly and children
- Less workforce
It also results in male-dominated urban populations
- What are the effects of migration on women left behind in villages?
Answer:
- Increased workload
- Financial dependence on remittances
- Social challenges and loneliness
- Why do people migrate for education?
Answer:
- Lack of quality schools or colleges in native place
- To pursue specialised or higher education in cities or abroad
- How does migration affect transport in cities?
Answer:
- Overcrowded buses and trains
- Traffic jams
- Need for expanded public transport networks
- What are the challenges faced by international migrants?
Answer:
- Legal issues
- Visa problems
- Cultural and language barriers
- Discrimination and loneliness
- Describe the role of rural employment schemes in reducing migration.
Answer:
They provide:
- Income sources
- Work security
- Development of local infrastructure
Thus, reducing need to move
- What is the relation between migration and informal economy?
Answer:
Migrants often work in:
- Daily wage jobs
- Construction
- Domestic help
This creates an informal sector in cities
- Why are migrants vulnerable to exploitation?
Answer:
- Lack of awareness
- No legal protection
- Economic desperation
- Language and cultural barriers
- What are the psychological impacts of migration?
Answer:
- Stress
- Loneliness
- Identity crisis
- Anxiety due to uncertain living conditions
- What is seasonal migration? How is it different?
Answer:
Short-term migration linked to work cycles (e.g., farming, brick kilns)
People return home after the season ends
- How does migration change urban landscapes?
Answer:
- More buildings and roads
- Reduction of green spaces
- Emergence of slums
- Suggest three ways to make migration more beneficial.
Answer:
- Promote skill development for migrants
- Ensure affordable housing
- Provide legal and social protection
Give Reasons
- Give reason: People migrate from rural to urban areas.
Answer: People migrate from rural to urban areas in search of better employment, education, medical facilities, and standard of living. - Give reason: Migration affects the population composition of both source and destination regions.
Answer: Migration alters the age, sex, and skill distribution of the population, as mostly young and working-age individuals migrate. - Give reason: Unemployment is a major cause of migration.
Answer: Lack of job opportunities compels people to leave their native places and move to areas offering better employment prospects. - Give reason: Migration results in overcrowding in cities.
Answer: A large influx of people into urban areas increases population density and puts pressure on housing and services. - Give reason: Migration can lead to the development of slums.
Answer: Inadequate housing in cities forces many migrants to live in unplanned, overcrowded, and poor settlements called slums. - Give reason: Political instability can lead to forced migration.
Answer: In regions facing conflict, war, or persecution, people are compelled to migrate to safer places. - Give reason: Migration can result in brain drain.
Answer: Skilled and educated individuals migrating to foreign countries in search of better opportunities leads to brain drain. - Give reason: Migration can cause labour shortage in rural areas.
Answer: The migration of young, working-age individuals from villages to cities leaves rural areas with insufficient labour for agriculture and other activities. - Give reason: Many people migrate during droughts.
Answer: Droughts lead to crop failure and water scarcity, forcing people to migrate for survival and livelihood. - Give reason: Pull factors encourage migration.
Answer: Attractive conditions like job opportunities, better education, healthcare, and safety draw people to migrate to new areas. - Give reason: Migration affects the environment.
Answer: Increased population in urban areas due to migration leads to pollution, deforestation, and overuse of resources. - Give reason: Migration can lead to social tension.
Answer: Competition for jobs and resources, cultural differences, and lack of integration may create tension between locals and migrants. - Give reason: Migrants often face discrimination.
Answer: Migrants may be treated unfairly due to differences in language, culture, or economic status. - Give reason: Cities face water shortage due to migration.
Answer: The rising urban population increases the demand for water, often exceeding the supply capacity. - Give reason: Remittances are beneficial to rural families.
Answer: Migrants send money home, which helps families improve their living conditions and meet essential needs. - Give reason: Migrants may live in poor sanitary conditions.
Answer: Due to limited income and lack of affordable housing, migrants often settle in overcrowded slums with poor sanitation. - Give reason: Migration can cause cultural exchange.
Answer: Migrants bring their customs, traditions, and languages, contributing to cultural diversity in the destination region. - Give reason: Overpopulation in rural areas can cause migration.
Answer: Excess population leads to pressure on land and limited job opportunities, pushing people to migrate. - Give reason: Reverse migration occurs after retirement.
Answer: Many people prefer to return to their native villages for a peaceful life after retiring from work in cities. - Give reason: Forced migration is different from voluntary migration.
Answer: Forced migration occurs due to compulsion like war or disaster, while voluntary migration is a choice for better living. - Give reason: Migration influences political systems.
Answer: Migration can affect electoral boundaries and voter demographics, influencing political outcomes. - Give reason: Seasonal migration is common among labourers.
Answer: Labourers migrate temporarily during peak agricultural or construction seasons to earn income. - Give reason: Migration leads to urban unemployment.
Answer: When cities cannot provide enough jobs for all incoming migrants, it leads to joblessness and economic hardship. - Give reason: Migrants may struggle to access education.
Answer: Migrant children may lack documents or face language barriers, making school enrollment difficult. - Give reason: Migration creates pressure on urban transport.
Answer: Increased population due to migration results in overcrowded public transport and traffic congestion. - Give reason: Development of villages can reduce migration.
Answer: If villages provide jobs, healthcare, and education, people may choose to stay instead of migrating. - Give reason: Refugees are forced to leave their homes.
Answer: Refugees flee due to wars, persecution, or disasters to seek safety and shelter elsewhere. - Give reason: Migration changes the social structure of rural areas.
Answer: With many men migrating, women take on new roles, and family structures shift. - Give reason: Migration contributes to informal employment.
Answer: Migrants often work without formal contracts in sectors like construction, domestic work, and street vending. - Give reason: Urban to urban migration is common among professionals.
Answer: Skilled workers move between cities for better jobs, promotions, or business opportunities. - Give reason: Urban areas may not support rapid migrant influx.
Answer: Lack of proper planning and resources makes it difficult for cities to absorb large populations quickly. - Give reason: Migration can disrupt education of children.
Answer: Frequent moves and lack of access to schools can interrupt children’s learning and academic progress. - Give reason: Migration can improve literacy rates.
Answer: Migrants moving to cities may access better educational facilities, raising literacy levels. - Give reason: Migrants send remittances to their families.
Answer: They support their families financially by sending a portion of their income back home. - Give reason: Migration may result in family separation.
Answer: Often, only one or two members migrate, leaving the rest of the family behind for long periods. - Give reason: Climate refugees are increasing.
Answer: Rising frequency of floods, droughts, and other climate-related disasters displace more people each year. - Give reason: Brain drain weakens national development.
Answer: Loss of educated professionals reduces the availability of talent needed for national progress. - Give reason: Slums lack basic facilities.
Answer: Being unplanned and overcrowded, slums often do not have proper water, sanitation, or electricity. - Give reason: Cultural differences can lead to conflict.
Answer: Misunderstandings and prejudices may arise when migrants and locals follow different customs. - Give reason: Migration influences urban housing demand.
Answer: Growing migrant population increases the need for housing, causing shortages and rise in rent. - Give reason: Migration affects health services.
Answer: More people mean more demand for hospitals and clinics, which may lead to overburdening of facilities. - Give reason: Migration changes language patterns in cities.
Answer: Migrants introduce new languages and dialects, making cities linguistically diverse. - Give reason: Cities become multicultural due to migration.
Answer: People from different regions bring their culture, food, dress, and festivals, enriching the city’s diversity. - Give reason: Migration can lead to identity crisis.
Answer: Migrants may struggle to adapt or be accepted in the new place, leading to confusion and loss of identity. - Give reason: Migration contributes to economic growth.
Answer: Migrants contribute labour, pay taxes, and increase demand for goods and services. - Give reason: Some migrants return to their native place.
Answer: They may return due to old age, high urban costs, or failure to adjust in cities. - Give reason: Cities must plan for future migration.
Answer: Planning helps manage population growth and ensure infrastructure and services for all. - Give reason: Migration can impact rural gender roles.
Answer: With men migrating, women often take up economic and household responsibilities. - Give reason: Migrants may live in unsafe structures.
Answer: Due to poverty, they settle in weakly built homes or informal shelters vulnerable to disasters. - Give reason: Urbanisation is linked with migration.
Answer: Continuous rural to urban migration leads to the expansion and growth of towns and cities.
Arrange the Words
Case Studies
- Raju, a farmer from Bihar, moved to Delhi in search of a job due to repeated floods in his village. Identify the type of migration and the push factor.
Answer: Rural to Urban Migration; Push Factor – Natural Disaster (Floods) - Sneha moved from Kolkata to Mumbai to take up a marketing job in a multinational company. Identify the type of migration.
Answer: Urban to Urban Migration - A family left Syria during a civil war and settled in Germany. What type of migration is this and what is the person called in Germany?
Answer: External Migration; Immigrant - Due to unemployment in his hometown, Suresh moved to a nearby village to work in a brick kiln. Identify the migration type.
Answer: Rural to Rural Migration - Sita shifted from Bengaluru back to her village in Mandya after retirement. Identify this type of internal migration.
Answer: Urban to Rural Migration (Reverse Migration) - During droughts, many villagers from Rajasthan move to cities like Jaipur and Ahmedabad for seasonal work. Name this migration type.
Answer: Seasonal Migration - Ravi moved to the United States for higher education and settled there as a software engineer. What impact does this have on India?
Answer: Brain Drain (Loss of skilled manpower) - After an earthquake in Nepal, many people moved to nearby Indian towns temporarily. What type of migration is this?
Answer: Forced External Migration - Many IT professionals from India migrate to Canada for better job opportunities. Name the migration type and cause.
Answer: External Migration; Pull Factor – Employment Opportunities - Poor sanitation, unemployment, and overcrowding are common issues in Dharavi, Mumbai, due to which type of migration?
Answer: Mass Rural to Urban Migration - A garment factory in Delhi employs workers who migrated from nearby towns. What benefit does the city receive?
Answer: Labour Supply for Economic Activities - Flood victims in Assam were relocated to relief camps in nearby towns. Identify the type of migration.
Answer: Forced Internal Migration - A person from Bangladesh illegally crosses the border and settles in India. What is this form of migration called?
Answer: Illegal External Migration - A man from Jharkhand moves to Mumbai for a better standard of living and sends money back home. What is the economic term for this money?
Answer: Remittance - Children of migrant workers often drop out of school due to relocation. What type of social impact is this?
Answer: Negative Social Impact of Migration - A city experiences traffic congestion, slums, and water shortage due to high migration. What kind of impact is this?
Answer: Negative Environmental Impact - A woman moves from a rural area to a city and learns to manage finances independently. What impact is this?
Answer: Positive Social Impact (Empowerment of Women) - Many skilled doctors from India work in the UK. What is the term for the country losing these professionals?
Answer: Brain Drain (India as source country) - A refugee from Afghanistan is granted citizenship in Germany. What is the person now considered in Germany?
Answer: Immigrant - Ramesh, a driver, left his village and moved to Pune, where he now lives in a slum. Name the cause and impact of this migration.
Answer: Cause – Unemployment (Push Factor); Impact – Slum Development (Urban Problem)
Numericals
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