CBSE – Grade 8 – Science – Ch 01 – QA

Questions & Answers

CBSE - Grade - 8

Subject: Science

Chapter - 01 - Crop Production and Management

Types of Questions

MCQ

Question 1: What are the tools mentioned in the text that Paheli and Boojho saw in their uncle’s field?

  1. a) Hammer, screwdriver, pliers
  2. b) Khurpi, sickle, shovel, plough
  3. c) Paintbrush, canvas, easel
  4. d) Laptop, printer, scanner

Answer: b) Khurpi, sickle, shovel, plough

 

Question 2: Where do animals, including humans, get their food from?

  1. a) They make their own food
  2. b) From plants or animals or both
  3. c) From synthetic sources
  4. d) From minerals in the soil

Answer: b) From plants or animals or both

 

Question 3: Why do organisms need to eat food?

  1. a) To build houses
  2. b) For energy to carry out body functions
  3. c) To improve memory
  4. d) For entertainment

Answer: b) For energy to carry out body functions

 

Question 4: What is the primary source of food for humans?

  1. a) Synthetic supplements
  2. b) Rocks and minerals
  3. c) Plants or animals or both
  4. d) Artificial intelligence

 

Answer: c) Plants or animals or both

 

Question 5: What is the key requirement for providing food to a large population in a country?

  1. a) Advanced technology
  2. b) Proper management and distribution
  3. c) Nomadic lifestyle
  4. d) Limited production

Answer: b) Proper management and distribution

 

Question 6: In which period were people nomadic and wandered in search of food and shelter?

  1. a) 10,000 C.E.
  2. b) 1,000 B.C.E.
  3. c) 5,000 B.C.E.
  4. d) Till 10,000 B.C.E.

Answer: d) Till 10,000 B.C.E.

 

Question 7: What is born when plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale?

  1. a) Jungle
  2. b) Forest
  3. c) Crop
  4. d) Desert

Answer: c) Crop

 

Question 8: How are crops classified in terms of the season they grow?

  1. a) Based on their taste
  2. b) Based on their color
  3. c) Based on the season they grow
  4. d) Based on their size

Answer: c) Based on the season they grow

 

Question 9: Which crops are sown in the rainy season in India?

  1. a) Rabi crops
  2. b) Kharif crops
  3. c) Summer crops
  4. d) Winter crops

Answer: b) Kharif crops

 

Question 10: When is the rainy season in India, and which crops are grown during that time?

  1. a) December to February – Wheat and gram
  2. b) June to September – Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut, and cotton
  3. c) April to June – Mustard and linseed
  4. d) October to March – Pea and pulses

Answer: b) June to September – Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut, and cotton

 

Question 11: What are examples of rabi crops grown in India?

  1. a) Paddy, maize, soyabean
  2. b) Wheat, gram, pea
  3. c) Groundnut, cotton, mustard
  4. d) Mustard, linseed, pulses

Answer: b) Wheat, gram, pea

 

Question 12: Why is paddy not grown in the winter season?

  1. a) It requires a lot of water
  2. b) It cannot survive the cold weather
  3. c) Farmers prefer other crops in winter
  4. d) Paddy is a summer crop

Answer: a) It requires a lot of water

 

Question 13: What is the term used for the activities undertaken by farmers over a period of time in crop production?

  1. a) Gardening
  2. b) Agriculture
  3. c) Mining
  4. d) Carpentry

Answer: b) Agriculture

 

Question 14: Which agricultural practice involves making the soil suitable for planting?

  1. a) Sowing
  2. b) Adding manure and fertilisers
  3. c) Preparation of soil
  4. d) Irrigation

Answer: c) Preparation of soil

 

Question 15: What is the term for the process of planting seeds in the soil?

  1. a) Harvesting
  2. b) Sowing
  3. c) Storage
  4. d) Irrigation

Answer: b) Sowing

 

Question 16: What is done to protect crops from unwanted plants known as weeds?

  1. a) Harvesting
  2. b) Storage
  3. c) Irrigation
  4. d) Protecting from weeds

Answer: d) Protecting from weeds

 

Question 17: Which practice involves supplying additional nutrients to the soil for better crop growth?

  1. a) Harvesting
  2. b) Adding manure and fertilisers
  3. c) Storage
  4. d) Sowing

Answer: b) Adding manure and fertilisers

 

Question 18: What is the term for providing water to crops?

  1. a) Harvesting
  2. b) Storage
  3. c) Irrigation
  4. d) Sowing

Answer: c) Irrigation

 

Question 19: After crops are ready, what is the final step in the agricultural process?

  1. a) Harvesting
  2. b) Storage
  3. c) Sowing
  4. d) Adding manure and fertilisers

Answer: a) Harvesting

 

Question 20: What practice involves keeping the harvested crops safe for future use?

  1. a) Sowing
  2. b) Harvesting
  3. c) Storage
  4. d) Preparation of soil

Answer: c) Storage

 

Question 21: What is the purpose of loosening the soil in agriculture?

  1. a) To cool down the soil
  2. b) To make it harder for roots to penetrate
  3. c) To allow roots to breathe easily
  4. d) To discourage the growth of earthworms

Answer: c) To allow roots to breathe easily

 

Question 22: What organisms are considered friends of the farmer in soil preparation?

  1. a) Insects
  2. b) Birds
  3. c) Earthworms and microbes
  4. d) Bacteria

Answer: c) Earthworms and microbes

 

Question 23: Why is turning and loosening of soil important for crop cultivation?

  1. a) To discourage the growth of soil organisms
  2. b) To release nutrients into the soil
  3. c) To decrease soil fertility
  4. d) To prevent plant growth

Answer: b) To release nutrients into the soil

 

Question 24: What is the process of loosening and turning the soil called?

  1. a) Tilling
  2. b) Ploughing
  3. c) Harvesting
  4. d) Sowing

Answer: a) Tilling

 

Question 25: What is the main tool used for tilling or ploughing?

  1. a) Hoe
  2. b) Cultivator
  3. c) Plough
  4. d) Leveller

Answer: c) Plough

 

Question 26: What is the purpose of levelling the field in agriculture?

  1. a) To create bumps in the field
  2. b) For better irrigation
  3. c) To increase soil fertility
  4. d) To discourage sowing

Answer: b) For better irrigation

 

Question 27: What is added to the soil before tilling, according to the text?

  1. a) Seeds
  2. b) Fertilizers
  3. c) Manure
  4. d) Water

Answer: c) Manure

 

Question 28: What is the traditional tool used for sowing seeds?

  1. a) Hoe
  2. b) Cultivator
  3. c) Funnel-shaped tool
  4. d) Seed drill

Answer: c) Funnel-shaped tool

 

Question 29: What is the benefit of using a seed drill for sowing seeds?

  1. a) It discourages seed growth
  2. b) It ensures uniform sowing at equal distance and depth
  3. c) It increases the time and labor required
  4. d) It prevents tractors from being used

Answer: b) It ensures uniform sowing at equal distance and depth

 

Question 30: What is the purpose of sowing seeds in a nursery for some plants?

  1. a) To prevent seed growth
  2. b) To transplant seedlings later
  3. c) To avoid sunlight
  4. d) To discourage seed germination

Answer: b) To transplant seedlings later

 

Question 31: What are the substances added to the soil in the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants?

  1. a) Pesticides
  2. b) Insecticides
  3. c) Manure and fertilisers
  4. d) Herbicides

Answer: c) Manure and fertilisers

 

Question 32: What happens to the soil nutrients when farmers continuously cultivate crops in the same field?

  1. a) Soil becomes more fertile
  2. b) Soil remains unchanged
  3. c) Soil becomes rich in nutrients
  4. d) Soil becomes poor in nutrients

Answer: d) Soil becomes poor in nutrients

 

Question 33: What is the process called when farmers add manure to fields to replenish the soil with nutrients?

  1. a) Fertilization
  2. b) Ploughing
  3. c) Manuring
  4. d) Irrigation

Answer: c) Manuring

 

Question 34: What is manure?

  1. a) Inorganic substance
  2. b) Chemical fertilizer
  3. c) Organic substance from decomposition of plant or animal wastes
  4. d) Mineral supplement

Answer: c) Organic substance from decomposition of plant or animal wastes

 

Question 35: How are fertilisers different from manure?

  1. a) Fertilisers are organic, and manure is inorganic
  2. b) Fertilisers are produced in factories, and manure is natural
  3. c) Fertilisers are decomposed plant matter, and manure is chemicals
  4. d) Fertilisers are rich in nutrients, and manure is poor in nutrients

Answer: b) Fertilisers are produced in factories, and manure is natural

 

Question 36: Which of the following is an example of a fertiliser?

  1. a) Compost
  2. b) Vermicompost
  3. c) Urea
  4. d) Humus

Answer: c) Urea

 

Question 37: Why has excessive use of fertilisers made the soil less fertile?

  1. a) Fertilisers kill soil microbes
  2. b) Fertilisers make the soil acidic
  3. c) Fertilisers introduce harmful chemicals
  4. d) Fertilisers deplete soil nutrients

Answer: d) Fertilisers deplete soil nutrients

 

Question 38: What has fertiliser use become a source of, according to the text?

  1. a) Soil fertility
  2. b) Air pollution
  3. c) Water pollution
  4. d) Increased crop yield

Answer: c) Water pollution

 

Question 39: What method is suggested to maintain soil fertility instead of excessive fertiliser use?

  1. a) Crop rotation
  2. b) Double cropping
  3. c) Monoculture
  4. d) Intensive farming

Answer: a) Crop rotation

 

Question 40: What is the significance of Rhizobium bacteria in soil?

  1. a) They fix atmospheric nitrogen
  2. b) They produce fertilisers
  3. c) They kill harmful pests
  4. d) They improve soil structure

Answer: a) They fix atmospheric nitrogen

 

Question 41: Why is organic manure considered better than fertilisers?

  1. a) Organic manure is cheaper
  2. b) Fertilisers deplete soil nutrients
  3. c) Fertilisers are more readily available
  4. d) Organic manure enhances soil properties

Answer: d) Organic manure enhances soil properties

 

Question 42: What does irrigation refer to?

  1. a) Harvesting crops
  2. b) Watering plants
  3. c) Adding manure to soil
  4. d) Ploughing fields

Answer: b) Watering plants

 

Question 43: Why is water essential for plants?

  1. a) To cool down
  2. b) To produce oxygen
  3. c) To absorb minerals and fertilisers
  4. d) To prevent soil erosion

Answer: c) To absorb minerals and fertilisers

 

Question 44: What is the term used for the supply of water to crops at regular intervals?

  1. a) Manuring
  2. b) Irrigation
  3. c) Ploughing
  4. d) Harvesting

Answer: b) Irrigation

 

Question 45: What is the reason for higher watering frequency in summer?

  1. a) Decreased rate of evaporation
  2. b) Decreased water demand by plants
  3. c) Increased rate of evaporation
  4. d) Increased rainfall

Answer: c) Increased rate of evaporation

 

Question 46: What are the sources of water for irrigation mentioned in the text?

  1. a) Wells, tubewells, and ponds
  2. b) Fertilisers and manure
  3. c) Rainwater and dew
  4. d) Air and sunlight

Answer: a) Wells, tubewells, and ponds

 

Question 47: What is NOT mentioned as a source of irrigation?

  1. a) Lakes
  2. b) Rivers
  3. c) Mountains
  4. d) Canals

Answer: c) Mountains

 

Question 48: In the context of irrigation, what does “fallow” mean?

  1. a) Watering fields
  2. b) Cultivating crops
  3. c) Leaving the field uncultivated
  4. d) Harvesting crops

Answer: c) Leaving the field uncultivated

 

Question 49: What percentage of water do plants contain, according to the text?

  1. a) 50%
  2. b) 70%
  3. c) 90%
  4. d) 100%

Answer: c) 90%

 

Question 50: What is NOT mentioned as a function of water in plants?

  1. a) Transporting nutrients
  2. b) Protecting crops from frost
  3. c) Providing oxygen to roots
  4. d) Preventing soil erosion

Answer: d) Preventing soil erosion

 

Question 51: What are the traditional methods of lifting water for irrigation, and why are they `considered less efficient?

  1. a) Sprinkler and drip system
  2. b) Moat and chain pump
  3. c) Diesel and solar energy
  4. d) Harvester and combine

Answer: b) Moat and chain pump

 

Question 52: Which modern irrigation system is suitable for uneven land where water availability is limited?

  1. a) Drip system
  2. b) Sprinkler system
  3. c) Lever system
  4. d) Pulley-system

Answer: b) Sprinkler system

 

Question 53: What is the process of removing weeds called, and why is it necessary for crop growth?

  1. a) Threshing, to separate grain from chaff
  2. b) Weeding, to control the growth of undesirable plants
  3. c) Harvesting, to cut crops close to the ground
  4. d) Manuring, to replenish soil nutrients

Answer: b) Weeding, to control the growth of undesirable plants

 

Question 54: How are weeds manually removed from fields, and what tool is commonly used for this purpose?

  1. a) Using weedicides, with the help of a sprayer
  2. b) Uprooting or cutting with a khurpi
  3. c) Threshing with a combine
  4. d) Irrigating with a pulley-system

Answer: b) Uprooting or cutting with a khurpi

 

Question 55: What is the separation of grain seeds from chaff called, and how is it done in small holdings?

  1. a) Weeding, using a seed drill
  2. b) Harvesting, with a sickle
  3. c) Threshing, with a combine
  4. d) Winnowing, by farmers

Answer: d) Winnowing, by farmers

 

Question 56: What is the primary purpose of drying freshly harvested grains in the sun before storage?

  1. a) To reduce moisture content
  2. b) To enhance nutrient levels
  3. c) To prevent weed growth
  4. d) To speed up germination

Answer: a) To reduce moisture content

 

Question 57: How is the separation of grain and chaff done in large-scale harvesting with a combine?

  1. a) Uprooting with a khurpi
  2. b) Drying in the sun
  3. c) Threshing in metallic bins
  4. d) Winnowing during storage

Answer: c) Threshing in metallic bins

 

Question 58: Which festivals are associated with the harvest season in India?

  1. a) Thanksgiving and Christmas
  2. b) Pongal, Baisakhi, and Diwali
  3. c) Easter and Hanukkah
  4. d) Halloween and Thanksgiving

Answer: b) Pongal, Baisakhi, and Diwali

 

Question 59: Why is the period of harvest considered a time of great joy for farmers?

  1. a) Due to excessive rainfall
  2. b) Because it’s a time of relaxation and enjoyment
  3. c) Because crops are at the seeding stage
  4. d) Because it marks the beginning of winter

Answer: b) Because it’s a time of relaxation and enjoyment

 

Question 60: What is the importance of animal husbandry?

  1. a) To grow crops in the field
  2. b) To control pests and diseases
  3. c) To provide proper food, shelter, and care to animals
  4. d) To celebrate harvest festivals

Answer: c) To provide proper food, shelter, and care to animals

Fill in the Blanks

Question 1: Paheli and Boojho saw tools like khurpi, sickle, shovel, and plough in the __________.

Answer: field

 

Question 2: All living organisms, including humans, require __________ for survival.

Answer: food

 

Question 3: Green plants synthesize their own food through a process called __________.

Answer: photosynthesis

 

Question 4: Animals, including humans, cannot make their own food; therefore, they obtain it from __________ or __________.

Answer: plants, animals

 

Question 5: The energy from food is utilized by organisms for various body functions like digestion, respiration, and __________.

Answer: excretion

 

Question 6: Food can be obtained from plants, animals, or __________.

Answer: both

 

Question 7: To provide food for a large population, food production needs to be done on a __________ scale.

Answer: large

 

Question 8: Proper management and distribution are necessary for providing food to a large population through __________ production.

Answer: regular

 

Question 9: Till 10,000 B.C.E., people were __________, wandering in groups in search of food and shelter.

Answer: nomadic

 

Question 10: Agriculture was born when people could cultivate land and produce crops like rice, wheat, and other __________.

Answer: food crops

 

Question 11: When plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called a __________.

Answer: crop

 

Question 12: Crops can be classified on the basis of the __________ in which they grow.

Answer: season

 

Question 13: Kharif crops are sown in the __________ season, which in India is generally from June to September.

Answer: rainy

 

Question 14: Examples of kharif crops include paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut, and __________.

Answer: cotton

 

Question 15: Rabi crops are grown in the __________ season, from October to March.

Answer: winter

 

Question 16: Examples of rabi crops include wheat, gram, pea, mustard, and __________.

Answer: linseed

 

Question 17: Paddy cannot be grown in the winter season because it requires a lot of __________.

Answer: water

 

Question 18: Cultivation of crops involves activities like preparation of soil, __________, and adding manure and fertilisers.

Answer: sowing

 

Question 19: The practice of providing water to crops is known as __________.

Answer: irrigation

 

Question 20: The final step in the agricultural process is __________, where mature crops are gathered.

Answer: harvesting

 

Question 21: The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called __________ or __________.

Answer: Tilling or ploughing

 

Question 22: Ploughs are made of __________ or __________.

Answer: Wood or iron

 

Question 23: Levelling the field is beneficial for __________ as well as for __________.

Answer: Sowing; irrigation

 

Question 24: The main tools used for breaking soil clumps are the __________, __________, and __________.

Answer: Plough, hoe, and cultivator

 

Question 25: The strong triangular iron strip in a plough is called __________.

Answer: Ploughshare

 

Question 26: The traditional tool used for sowing seeds is shaped like a __________.

Answer: Funnel

 

Question 27: The process of breaking big clumps of soil in a ploughed field is called __________.

Answer: Levelling

 

Question 28: Ploughing is done by a tractor-driven __________ in modern agriculture.

Answer: Cultivator

 

Question 29: The broad and bent plate of iron in a hoe is called __________.

Answer: Blade

 

Question 30: Sowing seeds with the help of tractors is done using a __________.

Answer: Seed drill

 

Question 31: The main part of the plough made of wood is called __________.

Answer: Ploughshaft

 

Question 32: The tool used for removing weeds and loosening the soil is called a __________.

Answer: Hoe

 

Question 33: Sometimes, __________ is added to the soil before tilling.

Answer: Manure

 

Question 34: The indigenous wooden plough is increasingly being replaced by __________ nowadays.

Answer: Iron ploughs

 

Question 35: The seeds are filled into the funnel and passed down through two or three pipes having sharp ends during the use of the __________.

Answer: Traditional tool

 

Question 36: Sowing seeds in a nursery is done to grow them into __________ before transplantation.

Answer: Seedlings

 

Question 37: The use of a seed drill ensures that seeds get covered by the soil after __________.

Answer: Sowing

 

Question 38: The long rod of wood or iron in a hoe is called __________.

Answer: Handle

 

Question 39: The appropriate distance between seeds is necessary to avoid __________ of plants.

Answer: Overcrowding

 

Question 40: The soil is __________ before sowing to facilitate the process.

Answer: Moistened

 

Question 41: The substances added to the soil for the healthy growth of plants are called _______ and _______.

Answer: Manure, Fertilisers

 

Question 42: Continuous cultivation of crops in the same field makes the soil poor in _______.

Answer: Nutrients

 

Question 43: Farmers add _______ to fields to replenish the soil with nutrients, a process known as _______.

Answer: Manure, Manuring

 

Question 44: Manure is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of _______ and _______ wastes.

Answer: Plant, Animal

 

Question 45: Fertilisers are chemicals rich in a particular _______.

Answer: Nutrient

 

Question 46: Fertilisers are produced in _______.

Answer: Factories

 

Question 47: Excessive use of fertilisers has made the soil less _______.

Answer: Fertile

 

Question 48: Fertilisers have become a source of _______ pollution.

Answer: Water

 

Question 49: To maintain soil fertility, one can substitute fertilisers with _______ or leave the field _______.

Answer: Organic manure, Uncultivated

 

Question 50: The use of manure improves soil _______ and its _______ capacity.

Answer: Texture, Water retaining

 

Question 51: Crop rotation helps in replenishing the soil with _______.

Answer: Nutrients

 

Question 52: Rhizobium bacteria fix _______ in the nodules of roots of leguminous plants.

Answer: Atmospheric nitrogen

 

Question 53: Organic manure is considered better than fertilisers because it enhances the _______ holding capacity of the soil.

Answer: Water

 

Question 54: Organic manure makes the soil porous, facilitating the easy exchange of _______.

Answer: Gases

 

Question 55: Organic manure increases the number of friendly _______ in the soil.

Answer: Microbes

 

Question 56: Organic manure improves the _______ of the soil.

Answer: Texture

 

Question 57: The supply of water to crops at regular intervals is known as _______.

Answer: Irrigation

 

Question 58: The frequency of watering is higher in _______.

Answer: Summer

 

Question 59: Increased rate of evaporation of water from the soil and leaves occurs in _______.

Answer: Summer

 

Question 60: The sources of water for irrigation include wells, tubewells, ponds, lakes, rivers, dams, and _______.

Answer: Canals

 

Question 61: Traditional Methods of Irrigation use __________ or human labour for lifting water.

Answer: Cattle

 

Question 62: The ________ system is a traditional method involving a pulley system for lifting water.

Answer: Moat

 

Question 63: Diesel, biogas, electricity, and solar energy are used to run ________ in traditional irrigation.

Answer: Pumps

 

Question 64: In the Sprinkler System, water escapes from rotating nozzles and gets sprinkled on the crop as if it is ________.

Answer: Raining

 

Question 65: Drip system is the best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens, and trees where water falls drop by ________.

Answer: Drop

 

Question 66: Undesirable plants that may grow naturally along with the crop are called ________.

Answer: Weeds

 

Question 67: The manual removal of weeds includes physical removal by uprooting or cutting them close to the ground with the help of a ________.

Answer: Khurpi

 

Question 68: Weedicides, like 2,4-D, are chemicals sprayed in fields to kill ________.

Answer: Weeds

 

Question 69: Harvesting involves the cutting of the crop after it is ________.

Answer: Mature

 

Question 70: Threshing is the process of separating grain seeds from the ________.

Answer: Chaff

 

Question 71: The Combine is a machine that functions as both a harvester and a ________.

Answer: Thresher

 

Question 72: Harvest Festivals associated with the joy and happiness of the harvest season include Pongal, Baisakhi, Holi, Diwali, Nabanya, and ________.

Answer: Bihu

 

Question 73: Storage of produce is crucial to protect grains from moisture, insects, rats, and ________.

Answer: Microorganisms

 

Question 74: Farmers store grains in ________ or metallic bins.

Answer: Jute bags

 

Question 75: Large-scale storage of grains is done in silos and granaries to protect them from pests like ________.

Answer: Rats

 

Question 76: Dried neem leaves are used for storing food grains at ________.

Answer: Home

 

Question 77: Animal husbandry involves providing proper food, shelter, and care to animals on a large ________.

Answer: Scale

 

Question 78: Fish is considered good for ________.

Answer: Health

 

Question 79: Cod liver oil obtained from fish is rich in ________.

Answer: Vitamin D

 

Question 80: Farmers should use chemicals carefully during spraying and cover their nose and mouth with a piece of ________.

Answer: Cloth

Name the Following

Question 1: Name the tools that Paheli and Boojho saw in their uncle’s field.

Answer: Khurpi, sickle, shovel, plough

 

Question 2: What term is used for the process by which green plants synthesize their own food?

Answer: Photosynthesis

 

Question 3: From where do animals, including humans, get their food?

Answer: Plants or animals or both

 

Question 4: What is the primary source of energy for carrying out various body functions in organisms?

Answer: Food

 

Question 5: Name the three body functions mentioned that utilize energy from food.

Answer: Digestion, respiration, excretion

 

Question 6: How can food be provided to a large population in a country?

Answer: Through regular production, proper management, and distribution

 

Question 7: What term is used when plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale?

Answer: Crop

 

Question 8: Name the two broad cropping patterns mentioned in the text.

Answer: Kharif Crops, Rabi Crops

 

Question 9: Which crops are sown in the rainy season in India?

Answer: Kharif crops

 

Question 10: What are examples of Rabi crops grown in India?

Answer: Wheat, gram, pea, mustard, linseed

 

Question 11: What agricultural practice involves making the soil suitable for planting?

Answer: Preparation of soil

 

Question 12: Which activity involves planting seeds in the soil?

Answer: Sowing

 

Question 13: What is the term for supplying additional nutrients to the soil for better crop growth?

Answer: Adding manure and fertilisers

 

Question 14: Which practice involves providing water to crops?

Answer: Irrigation

 

Question 15: What is done to protect crops from unwanted plants known as weeds?

Answer: Protecting from weeds

 

Question 16: What is the term for the process of gathering mature crops from the field?

Answer: Harvesting

 

Question 17: What is the last step in the agricultural process mentioned in the text?

Answer: Storage

 

Question 18: Why can’t paddy be grown in the winter season?

Answer: Paddy requires a lot of water, and it is grown only in the rainy season.

 

Question 19: What term is used for the period when people were nomadic and wandered in search of food and shelter?

Answer: Nomadic period

 

Question 20: Name the two broad categories of crops mentioned based on the season in which they grow.

Answer: Kharif crops, Rabi crops

 

Question 21: What is the process of loosening and turning the soil called?

Answer: Tilling or ploughing

 

Question 22: What is the traditional tool used for sowing seeds?

Answer: Funnel-shaped tool

 

Question 23: What is added to the soil before tilling to aid in proper mixing?

Answer: Manure

 

Question 24: What tool is used for removing weeds and loosening the soil?

Answer: Hoe

 

Question 25: What is the main purpose of levelling the field in agriculture?

Answer: Beneficial for sowing and irrigation

 

Question 26: What is the triangular iron strip in a plough called?

Answer: Ploughshare

 

Question 27: What is the main part of the plough made of wood called?

Answer: Ploughshaft

 

Question 28: What is the process of breaking soil clumps before sowing seeds called?

Answer: Seed drill

 

Question 29: What does the cultivator use for ploughing in modern agriculture?

Answer: Tractor

 

Question 30: What is the tool used for sowing seeds in a nursery shaped like?

Answer: Funnel

 

Question 31: What tool is used to ensure seeds are uniformly sown at equal distance and depth?

Answer: Seed drill

 

Question 32: What is the long rod in a hoe made of?

Answer: Wood or iron

 

Question 33: What is the purpose of moistening the soil before sowing?

Answer: Preparation for sowing

 

Question 34: What helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes in the soil?

Answer: Loosened soil

 

Question 35: What is the purpose of turning and loosening the soil in cultivation?

Answer: Bringing nutrient-rich soil to the top

 

Question 36: What is the benefit of using a seed drill for sowing seeds?

Answer: Saves time and labor

 

Question 37: What is the broad and bent plate of iron in a hoe called?

Answer: Blade

 

Question 38: What is used to break big clumps of soil called crumbs in a ploughed field?

Answer: Leveller

 

Question 39: What is the main purpose of sowing seeds in a nursery?

Answer: Transplanting seedlings later

 

Question 40: What replaces the indigenous wooden plough in modern agriculture?

Answer: Iron ploughs

 

Question 41: What is the term for substances added to the soil in the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants?

Answer: Manure and fertilisers

 

Question 42: What does continuous cultivation of crops in the same field result in?

Answer: Soil poor in nutrients

 

Question 43: What is the process of adding manure to fields to replenish the soil with nutrients called?

Answer: Manuring

 

Question 44: What is manure?

Answer: Organic substance obtained from decomposition of plant or animal wastes

 

Question 45: What are fertilisers rich in?

Answer: Chemicals rich in a particular nutrient

 

Question 46: What distinguishes fertilisers from manure?

Answer: Fertilisers are produced in factories

 

Question 47: Excessive use of fertilisers has made the soil less fertile and a source of what?

Answer: Water pollution

 

Question 48: To maintain soil fertility, what can be substituted for fertilisers?

Answer: Organic manure or leaving the field fallow

 

Question 49: What does the use of manure improve in soil?

Answer: Soil texture and water-retaining capacity

 

Question 50: What method replenishes the soil with nutrients through the alternation of different crops?

Answer: Crop rotation

 

Question 51: What do Rhizobium bacteria fix in the nodules of roots of leguminous plants?

Answer: Atmospheric nitrogen

 

Question 52: Why is organic manure considered better than fertilisers?

Answer: Enhances water holding capacity of the soil

 

Question 53: What makes the soil porous, allowing easy exchange of gases?

Answer: Organic manure

 

Question 54: What increases in the soil due to the use of organic manure?

Answer: Number of friendly microbes

 

Question 55: What does water, along with minerals and fertilisers, transport to each part of the plant?

Answer: Nutrients

 

Question 56: What protects the crop from both frost and hot air currents?

Answer: Water

 

Question 57: What is the term for the supply of water to crops at regular intervals?

Answer: Irrigation

 

Question 58: Why is the frequency of watering higher in summer?

Answer: Increased rate of evaporation of water from the soil and leaves

 

Question 59: What are the sources of water for irrigation mentioned in the text?

Answer: Wells, tubewells, ponds, lakes, rivers, dams, and canals

 

Question 60: What is NOT mentioned as a source of irrigation?

Answer: Mountains

 

Question 61: What are the various traditional methods of lifting water for irrigation?

Answer: (i) Moat (pulley-system), (ii) Chain pump, (iii) Dhekli, (iv) Rahat (Lever system)

 

Question 62: What are the sources of energy used to run pumps in traditional methods of irrigation?

Answer: Diesel, Biogas, Electricity, Solar energy

 

Question 63: Name the modern irrigation system suitable for uneven land where sufficient water is not available.

Answer: Sprinkler System

 

Question 64: What is the technique for watering fruit plants, gardens, and trees where water falls drop by drop near the roots?

Answer: Drip system

 

Question 65: What is the term for the undesirable plants that may grow naturally along with the crop?

Answer: Weeds

 

Question 66: What is the process of removing undesirable plants (weeds) called?

Answer: Weeding

 

Question 67: What tool is commonly used for manual removal of weeds by uprooting or cutting close to the ground?

Answer: Khurpi

 

Question 68: What are the chemicals used to control weeds, and what is the common example mentioned in the text?

Answer: Weedicides, Example: 2,4-D

 

Question 69: What is the name of the machine that is both a harvester and a thresher?

Answer: Combine

 

Question 70: What is the period of great joy and happiness in all parts of India associated with the harvest season?

Answer: Harvest Festivals

 

Question 71: Name two harvest festivals mentioned in the text.

Answer: Pongal, Baisakhi

 

Question 72: What is the term for the important task of cutting a mature crop?

Answer: Harvesting

 

Question 73: What process involves separating grain seeds from the chaff?

Answer: Threshing

 

Question 74: What is the technique for separating grain and chaff by exposing them to the wind?

Answer: Winnowing

 

Question 75: What is the primary purpose of drying freshly harvested grains in the sun before storage?

Answer: To reduce moisture content

 

Question 76: What is the traditional method of storing food grains at home using dried neem leaves?

Answer: Using jute bags

 

Question 77: Where is large-scale storage of grains done to protect them from pests like rats and insects?

Answer: Silos and granaries

 

Question 78: What is the term for providing proper food, shelter, and care to animals on a large scale?

Answer: Animal husbandry

 

Question 79: What health benefit is associated with fish, according to the text?

Answer: Fish is good for health.

 

Question 80: What vitamin-rich oil is obtained from fish?

Answer: Cod liver oil (rich in vitamin D)

Answer in One Word

  1. The practice of growing crops on a large scale.
     Agriculture


  2. The process of loosening and turning the soil.
     Tilling


  3. The tool used for ploughing fields in ancient times.
     Plough


  4. The process of scattering seeds in soil.
     Sowing


  5. A modern tool used for sowing seeds.
     Seed drill


  6. The process of supplying water to crops.
     Irrigation


  7. The method of irrigation where water is sprinkled like rain.
     Sprinkler system


  8. The irrigation method where water drips near the roots.
     Drip irrigation


  9. Plants that grow along with crops and compete for nutrients.
     Weeds


  10. The process of removing weeds from the field.
     Weeding


  11. Chemicals used to destroy weeds.
     Weedicides


  12. An example of a weedicide.
     2,4-D


  13. The process of cutting mature crops.
     Harvesting


  14. A traditional tool used for harvesting.
     Sickle


  15. The machine that performs both harvesting and threshing.
     Combine harvester


  16. The process of separating grains from husk.
     Threshing


  17. The method of separating grain from chaff using wind.
     Winnowing


  18. The method of adding nutrients to soil to improve fertility.
     Manuring


  19. A natural substance used to improve soil fertility.
     Manure


  20. A chemical substance rich in nutrients for plants.
     Fertiliser


  21. The practice of growing different crops alternately to maintain soil fertility.
     Crop rotation


  22. An example of an organic fertiliser.
     Compost


  23. An example of a chemical fertiliser.
     Urea


  24. The season in which paddy is grown.
     Kharif


  25. The season in which wheat is grown.
     Rabi


  26. The storage structure used to keep grains safe.
     Silo


  27. The place where large-scale grain storage is done.
     Granary


  28. A plant product used to keep stored grains safe from insects.
     Neem leaves


  29. A farm animal that provides milk.
     Cow


  30. The festival celebrated in Punjab after harvesting wheat.
     Baisakhi


  31. The festival celebrated in Assam after harvesting paddy.
     Bihu


  32. A tool used for loosening the soil and removing weeds.
     Hoe


  33. The part of the plant that absorbs nutrients and water.
     Roots


  34. The bacteria that fix nitrogen in leguminous plants.
     Rhizobium


  35. The percentage of water in plants.
     90%


  36. A major source of food from animals in coastal areas.
     Fish


  37. The animal that provides eggs for human consumption.
     Hen


  38. The method in which farmers leave the field without cultivation for a season.
     Fallowing


  39. The process by which water evaporates from plant leaves.
     Transpiration


  40. The layer of soil that is rich in nutrients and supports plant growth.
     Topsoil


  41. The type of crops that require more water and are grown in the rainy season.
     Kharif crops


  42. The type of crops grown in winter with less water requirement.
     Rabi crops


  43. The gas fixed by leguminous plants in the soil.
     Nitrogen


  44. The practice of rearing animals for food, milk, and other products.
     Animal husbandry


  45. The festival of Tamil Nadu associated with crop harvesting.
     Pongal


  46. The equipment used to break big lumps of soil after ploughing.
     Leveller


  47. The country that produces the most rice in the world.
     China


  48. The method of farming without using chemical fertilisers and pesticides.
     Organic farming


  49. The liquid necessary for seed germination.
     Water


  50. The part of the plant responsible for photosynthesis.
     Leaves

CBSE - Grade 10 - Science

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  • Science

    • Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions and Equations
    • Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
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    • Chapter 4 – Carbon and its Compounds
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    • Chapter 6 – Control and Coordination
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  • Ch 07 – Coordinate Geometry
  • Ch 08 – Introduction to Trigonometry
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  • Ch 11 – Areas related to Circles
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  • A Letter to God
  • Dust of Snow
  • Fire and Ice
  • Nelson Mandela: A Long Walk to Freedom
  • A Tiger in the Zoo
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  • His First Flight
  • Black Aeroplane
  • How to Tell Wild Animals
  • The Ball Poem
  • From the Diary of Anne Frank
  • Amanda!
  • Glimpses of India
  • A Baker from Goa
  • Coorg
  • III. Tea from Assam
  • The Trees
  • Mijbil the Otter
  • Fog
  • Madam Rides the Bus
  • The Tale of Custard the Dragon
  • The Sermon at Benares
  • For Anne Gregory
  • The Proposal

CBSE - Grade 10 - English - Words and Expressions

All Chapters

  • Unit 1 – A Letter to God
  • Unit 2 – Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to freedom
  • Unit 3 – Two stories about flying
  • Unit 4 – From the diary of Anne Frank
  • Unit 5 – Glimpses of India
  • Unit 6 – Mijbil the otter
  • Unit 7 – Madam rides the bus
  • Unit 8 – The sermon at Benaras
  • Unit 9 – The proposal

CBSE - Grade 10 - English - Supplementary Reader - Footprints without Feet

All Chapters

  • A Triumph of Surgery
  • The Thief’s Story
  • The Midnight Visitor
  • A Question of Trust
  • Footprints without Feet
  • The Making of a Scientist
  • The Necklace
  • Bholi
  • The Book That Saved the Earth

CBSE - Grade 10 - History

All Chapters

  • The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
  • Nationalism in India
  • The Making of a Global World
  • The Age of Industrialisation
  • Print Culture and the Modern World

CBSE - Grade 10 - Civics

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  • Chapter 1 Power-sharing
  • Chapter 2 Federalism
  • Chapter 3 Gender, Religion and Caste
  • Chapter 4 Political Parties
  • Chapter 5 Outcomes of Democracy

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  • Resources and Development
  • Forest and Wildlife Resources
  • Water Resources
  • Agriculture
  • Minerals and Energy Resources
  • Manufacturing Industries
  • Lifelines of National Economy

CBSE - Grade 10 - Economics

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  • Ch 01 – Development
  • Ch 02 – Sectors of the Indian Economy
  • Ch 03 – Money and Credit
  • Ch 04 – Globalisation and the Indian Economy
  • Ch 05 – Consumer Rights

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Find the Odd Man Out

  1. Wheat, Gram, Mustard, Paddy
     Odd One: Paddy (Kharif crop, others are Rabi crops)


  2. Paddy, Maize, Soybean, Pea
     Odd One: Pea (Rabi crop, others are Kharif crops)


  3. Sickle, Hoe, Plough, Seed Drill
     Odd One: Seed Drill (Used for sowing, others are used for soil preparation and weeding)


  4. Weeds, Fertilisers, Manure, Compost
     Odd One: Weeds (Unwanted plants, others are used for soil fertility)


  5. Moat, Dhekli, Rahat, Sprinkler System
     Odd One: Sprinkler System (Modern irrigation, others are traditional methods)


  6. Drip Irrigation, Sprinkler System, Chain Pump, Tube Well
     Odd One: Chain Pump (Traditional method, others are modern)


  7. 2,4-D, Urea, Superphosphate, Potassium Nitrate
     Odd One: 2,4-D (Weedicide, others are fertilisers)


  8. Threshing, Weeding, Harvesting, Winnowing
     Odd One: Weeding (Done before harvesting, others are post-harvest processes)


  9. Granary, Silo, Jute Bag, Plough
     Odd One: Plough (Used for soil preparation, others are storage methods)


  10. Neem Leaves, Silos, Granaries, Jute Bags
     Odd One: Neem Leaves (Used for pest control, others are storage structures)


  11. Pongal, Baisakhi, Bihu, Diwali
     Odd One: Diwali (Not a harvest festival, others are related to harvesting)


  12. Winnowing, Threshing, Ploughing, Harvesting
     Odd One: Ploughing (Done before sowing, others are post-harvest processes)


  13. Cow, Buffalo, Hen, Wheat
     Odd One: Wheat (A plant, others are animals used in animal husbandry)


  14. Sowing, Tilling, Manuring, Cooking
     Odd One: Cooking (Not a part of agriculture, others are farming activities)


  15. Urea, Ammonium Sulphate, Compost, Superphosphate
     Odd One: Compost (Organic, others are chemical fertilisers)


  16. Harvesting, Storage, Irrigation, Weeding
     Odd One: Storage (Done after harvesting, others are pre-harvest activities)


  17. Sugarcane, Paddy, Wheat, Maize
     Odd One: Wheat (Rabi crop, others are Kharif crops)


  18. Animal Husbandry, Poultry, Dairy Farming, Weeding
     Odd One: Weeding (Not related to animal rearing, others are)


  19. Fish, Cow, Buffalo, Wheat
     Odd One: Wheat (A crop, others are animals used for food)


  20. Dams, Wells, Canals, Winnowing
     Odd One: Winnowing (Not a water source, others are)


  21. Weedicides, Fertilisers, Pesticides, Compost
     Odd One: Weedicides (Kills weeds, others improve soil or protect crops)


  22. Manure, Compost, Vermicompost, Urea
     Odd One: Urea (Chemical fertiliser, others are organic)


  23. Tilling, Harvesting, Ploughing, Levelling
     Odd One: Harvesting (Post-harvest process, others are soil preparation steps)


  24. Neem Leaves, Silos, Granaries, Refrigerators
     Odd One: Refrigerators (Not used for grain storage, others are)


  25. Paddy, Maize, Sugarcane, Mustard
     Odd One: Mustard (Rabi crop, others are Kharif crops)


  26. Transpiration, Irrigation, Manuring, Weeding
     Odd One: Transpiration (Natural process, others are farming activities)


  27. Cotton, Wheat, Gram, Mustard
     Odd One: Cotton (Kharif crop, others are Rabi crops)


  28. Cow, Goat, Poultry, Combine Harvester
     Odd One: Combine Harvester (A machine, others are animals used for farming)


  29. Sprinkler System, Drip Irrigation, Moat, Tube Well
     Odd One: Moat (Traditional method, others are modern)


  30. Threshing, Winnowing, Storage, Germination
     Odd One: Germination (Pre-harvest process, others are post-harvest)


  31. Pesticides, Insecticides, Fertilisers, Plough
     Odd One: Plough (Tool, others are chemicals used in farming)


  32. Neem Leaves, Weedicides, Pesticides, Insecticides
     Odd One: Neem Leaves (Natural, others are chemical-based)


  33. Drip Irrigation, Weeding, Manuring, Threshing
     Odd One: Threshing (Post-harvest, others are pre-harvest activities)


  34. Granary, Silo, Manure, Jute Bag
     Odd One: Manure (Used for soil, others for storage)


  35. Poultry, Dairy Farming, Animal Husbandry, Winnowing
     Odd One: Winnowing (Post-harvest process, others relate to animal farming)


  36. Hoe, Sickle, Sprinkler, Plough
     Odd One: Sprinkler (Used for irrigation, others for soil and crop work)


  37. Rhizobium, Urea, Compost, Manure
     Odd One: Rhizobium (A bacteria, others are soil nutrients)


  38. Paddy, Wheat, Gram, Pea
     Odd One: Paddy (Grown in standing water, others are not)


  39. Levelling, Ploughing, Weeding, Transpiration
     Odd One: Transpiration (Natural process, others are agricultural activities)


  40. Moat, Dhekli, Rahat, Weedicides
     Odd One: Weedicides (Kills weeds, others are irrigation methods)


  41. Wheat, Gram, Linseed, Cotton
     Odd One: Cotton (Kharif crop, others are Rabi crops)


  42. Plough, Hoe, Leveller, Harvester
     Odd One: Harvester (Used for harvesting, others for soil preparation)


  43. Tilling, Sowing, Weeding, Winnowing
     Odd One: Winnowing (Post-harvest, others are pre-harvest activities)


  44. Threshing, Winnowing, Irrigation, Harvesting
     Odd One: Irrigation (Pre-harvest, others are post-harvest activities)


  45. Superphosphate, Ammonium Sulphate, Urea, Neem Leaves
     Odd One: Neem Leaves (Natural, others are chemical fertilisers)


  46. Cows, Buffaloes, Poultry, Wheat
     Odd One: Wheat (Plant, others are animals used for farming)


  47. Sprinkler, Drip, Moat, Hoe
     Odd One: Hoe (Not an irrigation method, others are)


  48. Sickle, Combine, Weedicides, Thresher
     Odd One: Weedicides (Not a harvesting tool, others are)


  49. Cattle, Poultry, Dairy, Weeding
     Odd One: Weeding (Not related to animal farming, others are)


  50. Irrigation, Weeding, Harvesting, Cooking
     Odd One: Cooking (Not a farming process, others are)

Match the Pair

Match the Pairs Set 1

Match Column A with Column B:

  1. Kharif Crop → a) Wheat
  2. Rabi Crop → b) Removing weeds
  3. Threshing → c) Paddy
  4. Weeding → d) Separating grains from chaff
  5. Sprinkler System → e) Irrigation method

Correct Answers – Set 1

1 → c
 2 → a
 3 → d
 4 → b
 5 → e

Match the Pairs – Set 2

Match Column A with Column B:

  1. Drip Irrigation → a) Traditional method of sowing
  2. Seed Drill → b) Man-made fertiliser
  3. Urea → c) Water-saving technique
  4. Winnowing → d) Used for separating husk from grains
  5. Funnel → e) Modern sowing tool

Correct Answers – Set 2

1 → c
 2 → e
 3 → b
 4 → d
 5 → a

Match the Pairs – Set 3

Match Column A with Column B:

  1. Ploughing → a) Manual weeding tool
  2. Hoe → b) Loosens soil for better aeration
  3. Animal Husbandry → c) Harvest festival
  4. Baisakhi → d) Rearing of cattle and poultry
  5. Crop Rotation → e) Maintains soil fertility

Correct Answers – Set 3

1 → b
 2 → a
 3 → d
 4 → c
 5 → e

Match the Pairs – Set 4

Match Column A with Column B:

  1. Rhizobium Bacteria → a) Used to store grains
  2. Silos → b) Provides nitrogen to soil
  3. Sickle → c) Traditional harvesting tool
  4. Harvesting → d) Cutting mature crops
  5. Vermicompost → e) Organic manure from earthworms

Correct Answers – Set 4

1 → b
 2 → a
 3 → c
 4 → d
 5 → e

Match the Pairs – Set 5

Match Column A with Column B:

  1. Leguminous Plants → a) Storage method
  2. Granary → b) Kills insects
  3. Pesticides → c) Requires nitrogen-fixing bacteria
  4. Rearing fish → d) Known as pisciculture
  5. Irrigation → e) Supplying water to crops

Correct Answers – Set 5

1 → c
 2 → a
 3 → b
 4 → d
 5 → e

Match the Pairs – Set 6

Match Column A with Column B:

  1. Crop Management → a) Cutting crops after maturity
  2. Harvesting → b) Large-scale storage
  3. Manure → c) Compost from plant and animal waste
  4. Weedicides → d) Chemical for killing weeds
  5. Granaries → e) Steps to increase yield

Correct Answers – Set 6

1 → e
 2 → a
 3 → c
 4 → d
 5 → b

Match the Pairs – Set 7

Match Column A with Column B:

  1. Combine Harvester → a) Prevents pests in stored grains
  2. Neem Leaves → b) Modern irrigation system
  3. Weeding → c) Removing unwanted plants
  4. Drip System → d) Machine for harvesting and threshing
  5. Fallow Land → e) Left uncultivated to restore nutrients

Correct Answers – Set 7

1 → d
 2 → a
 3 → c
 4 → b
 5 → e

Match the Pairs – Set 8

Match Column A with Column B:

  1. Rabi Crops → a) Paddy
  2. Kharif Crops → b) Wheat
  3. Loosening soil → c) Ploughing
  4. Sowing → d) Seed drill
  5. Fertilisers → e) Increase crop yield

Correct Answers – Set 8

1 → b
 2 → a
 3 → c
 4 → d
 5 → e

Match the Pairs – Set 9

Match Column A with Column B:

  1. Sprinkler Irrigation → a) Cutting crops
  2. Harvesting → b) Killing harmful insects
  3. Insecticides → c) Improves soil fertility
  4. Compost → d) Modern watering technique
  5. Legumes → e) Help in nitrogen fixation

Correct Answers – Set 9

1 → d
 2 → a
 3 → b
 4 → c
 5 → e

Match the Pairs – Set 10

Match Column A with Column B:

  1. Irrigation → a) Destroys harmful insects
  2. Pesticides → b) Protects stored grains
  3. Neem Leaves → c) Modern irrigation method
  4. Drip System → d) Supplying water to crops
  5. Rearing Animals → e) Animal husbandry

Correct Answers – Set 10

1 → d
 2 → a
 3 → b
 4 → c
 5 → e

Short Answer Questions  

Question 1: Why can’t paddy be grown in the winter season?

Answer: Paddy requires a lot of water, and it is grown only in the rainy season.

 

Question 2: What is the term used when plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale?

Answer: Crop

 

Question 3: What are the two broad cropping patterns identified in India based on the season?

Answer: Kharif crops and Rabi crops

 

Question 4: What activities are involved in the cultivation of crops, similar to those carried out by a gardener or someone growing ornamental plants?

Answer: Agricultural practices

 

Question 5: During which season are Kharif crops sown in India?

Answer: Rainy season (generally from June to September)

 

Question 6: Name an example of a Rabi crop grown in India.

Answer: Wheat

 

Question 7: What is the primary source of food for humans, according to the text?

Answer: Plants or animals or both

 

Question 8: What do organisms utilize energy from food for?

Answer: Carrying out various body functions, such as digestion, respiration, and excretion.

 

Question 9: How can food be provided to a large number of people in a country, according to the text?

Answer: Through regular production, proper management, and distribution.

 

Question 10: Name an agricultural practice involved in crop production that is not mentioned in the list of basic practices.

Answer: Adding manure and fertilisers

 

Question 11: The preparation of soil is crucial for growing crops. Why is it necessary to turn and loosen the soil?

Answer: The loosening of soil allows roots to penetrate deep and breathe easily.

 

Question 12: What do earthworms and microbes do in the soil, and why are they considered friends of the farmer?

Answer: Earthworms and microbes help in further turning and loosening the soil, adding humus to it.

 

Question 13: Why is it important to turn and loosen the soil, according to the information provided?

Answer: Turning and loosening bring nutrient-rich soil to the top, supporting plant growth.

 

Question 14: What is the term used for the process of loosening and turning the soil?

Answer: The process is called tilling or ploughing.

 

Question 15: What are ploughs made of, and what is the purpose of ploughing in agriculture?

Answer: Ploughs are made of wood or iron, and they are used for tilling, adding fertilizers, removing weeds, and turning the soil.

 

Question 16: Why might soil need watering before ploughing?

Answer: If the soil is very dry, it may need watering before ploughing to facilitate the process.

 

Question 17: What are the big clumps of soil in a ploughed field called, and why is it necessary to break them?

Answer: The clumps are called crumbs, and breaking them is necessary for better cultivation.

 

Question 18: What is used to level the field after ploughing, and why is it beneficial for sowing and irrigation?

Answer: A leveller is used, and leveling is beneficial for sowing and irrigation.

 

Question 19: What is sometimes added to the soil before tilling, and what is the purpose of adding it?

Answer: Manure is added, and it helps in proper mixing with the soil.

 

Question 20: What are the three main tools used for breaking soil clumps before sowing?

Answer : Plough, hoe, and cultivator are the main tools used for this purpose.

 

Question 21: How is a traditional tool for sowing seeds shaped, and how does it work?

Answer: The traditional tool is shaped like a funnel, and seeds are passed through pipes with sharp ends, piercing into the soil.

 

Question 22: What is a seed drill, and how does it contribute to efficient sowing?

Answer: A seed drill is a tool that sows seeds uniformly at equal distance and depth, protecting them from birds and saving time and labor.

 

Question 23: Why do farmers prefer to use seeds that give high yield?

Answer: Farmers prefer high-yielding seeds to maximize crop production.

 

Question 24: What is done with seeds of some plants like paddy before they are sown in the field?

Answer: Seeds are first grown in a nursery before being transplanted to the field as seedlings.

 

Question 25: How does using a seed drill contribute to seed protection during sowing?

Answer: A seed drill ensures seeds are covered by the soil, protecting them from being eaten by birds.

 

Question 26: Why is it necessary to maintain an appropriate distance between seeds during sowing?

Answer: Appropriate distance prevents overcrowding, allowing plants to get sufficient sunlight, nutrients, and water.

 

Question 27: In modern agriculture, what tool is increasingly replacing the indigenous wooden plough?

Answer: Iron ploughs are increasingly replacing the indigenous wooden plough.

 

Question 28: How is a hoe used in agriculture, and what is its main function?

Answer: A hoe is used for removing weeds and loosening the soil, working like a blade.

 

Question 29: What are the various traditional ways of lifting water in irrigation?

Answer: Moat (pulley-system), chain pump, dhekli, and rahat (lever system).

 

Question 30: Name the two main methods of modern irrigation mentioned in the text.

Answer: Sprinkler System and Drip System.

 

Question 31: Why is the Sprinkler System considered more useful on uneven land?

Answer: It is more useful on uneven land where sufficient water is not available because it sprinkles water on the crop as if it is raining.

 

Question 32: What is the best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens, and trees?

Answer: Drip system.

 

Question 33: Why is weeding necessary in crop cultivation?

Answer: Weeding is necessary because weeds compete with the crop plants for water, nutrients, space, and light, affecting the growth of the crop.

 

Question 34: What is the best time for the removal of weeds mentioned in the text?

Answer: The best time for the removal of weeds is before they produce flowers and seeds.

 

Question 35: How are weedicides applied in the fields?

Answer: Weedicides are diluted with water to the required extent and sprayed in the fields with a sprayer.

 

Question 36: What is the period of time mentioned for a cereal crop to mature in harvesting?

Answer: It usually takes 3 to 4 months for a cereal crop to mature.

 

Question 37: How is threshing carried out in crop harvesting?

Answer: Threshing is carried out with the help of a machine called ‘combine,’ which functions as both a harvester and a thresher.

 

Question 38: What are some of the harvest festivals mentioned in the text?

Answer: Pongal, Baisakhi, Holi, Diwali, Nabanya, and Bihu.

Puzzles

  1. I cut crops but I am not a knife. Farmers hold me in their hands. Who am I?
    Answer: Sickle


  2. I store grains in large quantities and protect them from pests. Who am I?
    Answer: Silo


  3. I help loosen the soil and allow air to enter. I have been used since ancient times. Who am I?
    Answer: Plough


  4. I am a modern tool used to sow seeds at the right depth and spacing. Who am I?
    Answer: Seed Drill


  5. I am a method of watering crops that saves water and delivers it directly to the roots. Who am I?
    Answer: Drip Irrigation


  6. I remove husk from grains with the help of wind. Who am I?
    Answer: Winnowing


  7. I am a machine that does both harvesting and threshing. Who am I?
    Answer: Combine Harvester


  8. I am an unwanted plant that competes with crops for nutrients. Who am I?
    Answer: Weed


  9. I kill weeds but am not a tool. I come in liquid form and am sprayed on fields. Who am I?
    Answer: Weedicide


  10. I am a bacteria that helps in fixing nitrogen in leguminous plants. Who am I?
    Answer: Rhizobium


  1. I am the process of cutting mature crops. What am I?
    Answer: Harvesting


  2. I separate grains from chaff after threshing. What am I?
    Answer: Winnowing


  3. I am the process of supplying water to crops at regular intervals. What am I?
    Answer: Irrigation


  4. I am the process of loosening and turning soil. What am I?
    Answer: Tilling (Ploughing)


  5. I am the process of adding nutrients to soil using decomposed plant and animal waste. What am I?
    Answer: Manuring


  6. I am a farming method where different crops are grown in alternate seasons. What am I?
    Answer: Crop Rotation


  7. I am the process of preparing land before sowing. What am I?
    Answer: Soil Preparation


  8. I am the process where animals are raised for food, milk, or other products. What am I?
    Answer: Animal Husbandry


  9. I am the removal of weeds to protect crops. What am I?
    Answer: Weeding


  10. I am a process where fields are left uncultivated to regain nutrients. What am I?
    Answer: Fallowing
  11. Wheat, Mustard, Paddy, Gram
    Answer: Odd One: Paddy (Kharif crop, others are Rabi crops)


  12. Hoe, Plough, Sickle, Seed Drill
    Answer: Odd One: Seed Drill (Used for sowing, others for soil preparation)


  13. Winnowing, Threshing, Harvesting, Weeding
    Answer: Odd One: Weeding (Done before harvesting, others are post-harvest activities)


  14. Cow, Buffalo, Hen, Wheat
    Answer: Odd One: Wheat (A plant, others are animals)


  15. Drip Irrigation, Sprinkler, Moat, Chain Pump
    Answer: Odd One: Chain Pump (Traditional method, others are modern)


  16. Neem Leaves, Silos, Granaries, Jute Bags
    Answer: Odd One: Neem Leaves (Natural pesticide, others are storage units)


  17. Urea, Superphosphate, Compost, Ammonium Sulphate
    Answer: Odd One: Compost (Organic, others are chemical fertilisers)


  18. Threshing, Weeding, Harvesting, Storage
    Answer: Odd One: Weeding (Not a post-harvest process)


  19. Fertiliser, Pesticide, Weedicide, Plough
    Answer: Odd One: Plough (A tool, others are chemicals)


  20. Cow, Goat, Poultry, Silo
    Answer: Odd One: Silo (Used for storage, others are animals)


  21. _ L _ U _ H
    Answer: Plough


  22. _ A _ U R _
    Answer: Manure


  23. S _ R _ N K _ _ R
    Answer: Sprinkler


  24. _ O _ P _ O _ A _ I _ N
    Answer: Crop Rotation


  25. I _ _ I _ A _ I _ N
    Answer: Irrigation


  26. _ A _ V _ _ T I _ G
    Answer: Harvesting


  27. _ I _ O
    Answer: Silo


  28. _ H _ R _ S _ I _ G
    Answer: Threshing


  29. _ E _ D _ C _ D _
    Answer: Weedicide


  30. _ I _ N _ W I _ G
    Answer: Winnowing


  31. I am the festival celebrated in Punjab after wheat harvesting.
    Answer: Baisakhi


  32. I am the festival in Assam celebrated after paddy harvesting.
    Answer: Bihu


  33. I am the harvest festival of Tamil Nadu.
    Answer: Pongal


  34. I am an organic material that improves soil fertility.
    Answer: Compost


  35. I am the process of adding water to crops through artificial methods.
    Answer: Irrigation


  36. I am the chemical used to increase soil nutrients.
    Answer: Fertiliser


  37. I am the machine used to harvest large-scale crops efficiently.
    Answer: Combine Harvester


  38. I am the season when Rabi crops are grown.
    Answer: Winter


  39. I am the season when Kharif crops are sown.
    Answer: Rainy Season


  40. I am a process that prevents crops from pests and diseases.
    Answer: Pest Control

Difference Between:

  1. Difference Between Kharif and Rabi Crops

Kharif Crops:

  • Sown in the rainy season (June-September).
  • Require more water for growth.
  • Examples: Paddy, Maize, Cotton, Soybean.

Rabi Crops:

  • Sown in the winter season (October-March).
  • Require less water for growth.
  • Examples: Wheat, Gram, Pea, Mustard.
  1. Difference Between Manure and Fertiliser

Manure:

  • Organic, made from decomposed plant & animal waste.
  • Improves soil structure and retains moisture.
  • Works slowly but enhances long-term fertility.
  • Example: Compost, Vermicompost, Green Manure.

Fertiliser:

  • Chemical-based, made in factories.
  • Provides specific nutrients quickly.
  • Overuse can harm soil fertility in the long run.
  • Example: Urea, Superphosphate, NPK.
  1. Difference Between Weeds and Crops

Weeds:

  • Unwanted plants that grow among crops.
  • Compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight.
  • Example: Parthenium, Xanthium, Wild Grass.

Crops:

  • Intentionally grown for food or commercial use.
  • Require proper care for maximum yield.
  • Example: Wheat, Rice, Mustard, Tomato.
  1. Difference Between Irrigation and Rainfall

Irrigation:

  • Artificial supply of water to crops.
  • Controlled and managed by farmers.
  • Example: Sprinkler, Drip Irrigation, Canal System.

Rainfall:

  • Natural source of water from the atmosphere.
  • Uncontrolled, depends on climatic conditions.
  • Example: Monsoon rains for Kharif crops.
  1. Difference Between Sprinkler and Drip Irrigation

Sprinkler Irrigation:

  • Water is sprayed like rain over crops.
  • Suitable for uneven land and large fields.
  • Example: Used for lawns, wheat, and coffee plants.

Drip Irrigation:

  • Water is supplied drop by drop near plant roots.
  • Saves maximum water, best for dry regions.
  • Example: Used for fruit orchards, vegetables, and sugarcane.
  1. Difference Between Threshing and Winnowing

Threshing:

  • Separates grains from stalks after harvesting.
  • Done mechanically using a thresher.
  • Example: Removing wheat grains from stalks.

Winnowing:

  • Removes husk (chaff) from grains using wind.
  • Done manually or with winnowing machines.
  • Example: Separating rice husk after threshing.
  1. Difference Between Animal Husbandry and Poultry Farming

Animal Husbandry:

  • Involves rearing of all types of farm animals.
  • Includes cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep, poultry, fish.

Poultry Farming:

  • Specifically involves rearing of birds for eggs and meat.
  • Includes hens, ducks, turkeys, and geese.
  1. Difference Between Organic and Chemical Farming

Organic Farming:

  • Uses natural compost, manure, and biopesticides.
  • Environmentally sustainable and healthy.
  • Example: Vermicomposting, crop rotation.

Chemical Farming:

  • Uses fertilisers, pesticides, and chemical sprays.
  • Increases yield quickly but may harm the soil.
  • Example: Urea-based farming.
  1. Difference Between Storage in Silos and Granaries

Silos:

  • Large cylindrical storage units for bulk grains.
  • Protects from moisture and pests.
  • Used for commercial large-scale storage.

Granaries:

  • Small storage units for farmers and traders.
  • Usually made of wood, mud, or metal bins.
  • Used for domestic grain storage.
  1. Difference Between Fertilisers and Weedicides

Fertilisers:

  • Supply nutrients to crops.
  • Promotes growth of plants.
  • Example: Urea, NPK, Ammonium Sulphate.

Weedicides:

  • Kills unwanted weeds in the field.
  • Protects crops from competition.
  • Example: 2,4-D, Glyphosate.

Assertion and Reason

Each question contains an Assertion (A) and a Reason (R). Choose the correct option:

  1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  3. A is true, but R is false.
  4. A is false, but R is true.


  1. (A): Kharif crops require more water compared to Rabi crops.
     (R): Kharif crops are grown in the monsoon season.
     Answer: 1


  2. (A): Ploughing improves soil aeration.
     (R): Ploughing loosens the soil, allowing air and water to penetrate deeper.
     Answer: 1


  3. (A): Manure is better than chemical fertilisers for long-term soil health.
     (R): Manure improves soil texture and increases microbial activity.
     Answer: 1


  4. (A): Drip irrigation is the best method for water conservation.
     (R): Drip irrigation provides water directly to the roots, minimizing wastage.
     Answer: 1


  5. (A): Weedicides should be sprayed when weeds are fully grown.
     (R): Weeds absorb nutrients from the soil, which affects crop yield.
     Answer: 3


  6. (A): Paddy is a Rabi crop.
     (R): Paddy requires high water availability, which is present in the monsoon season.
     Answer: 4


  7. (A): Seed drills are better than traditional sowing methods.
     (R): Seed drills ensure uniform seed distribution and protect seeds from birds.
     Answer: 1


  8. (A): Threshing helps in removing weeds from the field.
     (R): Threshing separates grain from chaff after harvesting.
     Answer: 4


  9. (A): Crop rotation maintains soil fertility.
     (R): Different crops deplete and replenish specific nutrients in the soil.
     Answer: 1


  10. (A): Sprinkler irrigation is suitable for uneven land.
     (R): It distributes water uniformly over the crops.
     Answer: 1


  11. (A): Granaries help in the long-term storage of grains.
     (R): Granaries protect grains from moisture, pests, and rodents.
     Answer: 1


  12. (A): Organic farming avoids chemical fertilisers and pesticides.
     (R): Organic farming relies on natural compost and biological pest control.
     Answer: 1


  13. (A): Leguminous plants improve soil fertility.
     (R): Rhizobium bacteria present in leguminous plants fix atmospheric nitrogen.
     Answer: 1


  14. (A): Sickle is used for ploughing the field.
     (R): Sickle is mainly used for harvesting crops.
     Answer: 4


  15. (A): Crop production depends on soil quality.
     (R): Soil provides nutrients, water, and anchorage to plants.
     Answer: 1


  16. (A): Wheat is a Kharif crop.
     (R): Wheat is grown in winter and harvested in summer.
     Answer: 4


  17. (A): Water is essential for seed germination.
     (R): Water activates enzymes that help in breaking seed dormancy.
     Answer: 1


  18. (A): Chemical fertilisers improve soil fertility permanently.
     (R): Excessive use of fertilisers can reduce soil fertility over time.
     Answer: 3


  19. (A): Levelling is done after ploughing.
     (R): Levelling breaks large soil lumps and prevents excessive water loss.
     Answer: 1


  20. (A): Vermicompost is an artificial fertiliser.
     (R): Vermicompost is made using earthworms that break down organic waste.
     Answer: 4


  21. (A): Plants get nitrogen directly from the air.
     (R): Plants absorb nitrogen through their roots from the soil.
     Answer: 4


  22. (A): Transpiration helps in cooling plants.
     (R): Water evaporates from the leaves, reducing heat.
     Answer: 1


  23. (A): Green manure increases soil nutrients.
     (R): Green manure crops are ploughed back into the soil to improve fertility.
     Answer: 1


  24. (A): Winnowing is used to separate healthy seeds from damaged ones.
     (R): Winnowing removes husk and lighter impurities from grains.
     Answer: 3


  25. (A): Pesticides are used to kill harmful insects.
     (R): Pesticides help in increasing crop production by protecting plants.
     Answer: 1


  26. (A): Storage of grains must be done in dry conditions.
     (R): Moist grains can develop fungus and attract pests.
     Answer: 1


  27. (A): Harrowing is a soil preparation method.
     (R): Harrowing breaks up soil clumps and improves aeration.
     Answer: 1


  28. (A): Crop fields should be irrigated at night.
     (R): Water evaporation is minimal at night, ensuring better absorption.
     Answer: 1


  29. (A): Neem leaves are used in food grain storage.
     (R): Neem leaves act as a natural pesticide.
     Answer: 1

True or False

  1. Wheat is a Kharif crop.
     False


  2. Paddy requires a lot of water and is grown in the rainy season.
     True


  3. Ploughing helps in loosening the soil and allows better air circulation.
     True


  4. Weeds are useful plants that grow alongside crops.
     False


  5. Seed drill ensures uniform sowing of seeds at the right depth.
     True


  6. Manure is a chemical fertiliser.
     False


  7. Urea is an organic fertiliser.
     False


  8. Crop rotation helps in maintaining soil fertility.
     True


  9. Drip irrigation is an efficient method of saving water.
     True


  10. Threshing is the process of removing weeds from the field.
     False


  11. Weedicides are chemicals used to kill harmful insects.
     False


  12. Fertilizers improve soil structure and add humus to it.
     False


  13. Winnowing is used to separate husk from grains.
     True


  14. Harvesting is the process of cutting mature crops.
     True


  15. Silos are used for storing grains in large quantities.
     True


  16. Pesticides are used to kill insects that harm crops.
     True


  17. Animal husbandry involves the rearing of only cattle.
     False


  18. Earthworms help improve soil fertility.
     True


  19. Pulses are leguminous plants that help fix nitrogen in the soil.
     True


  20. Rhizobium bacteria help in fixing nitrogen in the soil.
     True


  21. Sprinkler irrigation is useful in areas with uneven land.
     True


  22. Weeding should be done after the weeds have produced seeds.
     False


  23. Storage of grains should be done in damp and wet conditions.
     False


  24. Neem leaves are used to protect stored grains from insects.
     True


  25. Dairy farming is a part of animal husbandry.
     True


  26. Leguminous crops require nitrogen fertilisers for proper growth.
     False


  27. A sickle is a modern harvesting tool.
     False


  28. A combine harvester can perform both harvesting and threshing.
     True


  29. Grains should be dried properly before storage to prevent fungal attacks.
     True


  30. Germination of seeds requires sunlight but not water.
     False


  31. Overuse of chemical fertilisers can reduce soil fertility over time.
     True


  32. Sowing should be done before soil preparation.
     False


  33. Ploughing is also known as tilling.
     True


  34. Crop production does not require irrigation in any season.
     False


  35. Paddy cannot be grown without standing water.
     True


  36. Granaries are used for small-scale storage of grains.
     False


  37. Manure increases the water-holding capacity of the soil.
     True


  38. Rabi crops are sown in the winter season.
     True


  39. Threshing and winnowing are the same processes.
     False


  40. Poultry farming includes rearing fish for commercial purposes.
     False


  41. Pongal is a harvest festival celebrated in Tamil Nadu.
     True


  42. Harvested grains should be stored immediately without drying.
     False


  43. Wheat and gram are examples of Kharif crops.
     False


  44. Crop rotation helps in pest control.
     True


  45. Hoes and ploughs are used for loosening soil before sowing seeds.
     True


  46. Mulching is a method of protecting soil moisture.
     True


  47. Plants absorb nitrogen directly from the air.
     False


  48. Fish farming is called pisciculture.
     True


  49. Threshing is used to remove husks from grains.
     True


  50. Irrigation is needed only for Rabi crops.
     False

Long Answer Questions

Question 1: Explain the concept of continuous cultivation and its impact on soil nutrients. What measures do farmers take to address nutrient depletion in the soil?

Answer: Continuous cultivation refers to the practice of growing crops successively in the same field without leaving it fallow. This process depletes the soil of essential nutrients, making it necessary for farmers to replenish the soil with manure. Farmers address nutrient depletion by adding organic substances obtained from the decomposition of plant and animal wastes. This process, known as manuring, helps in maintaining soil fertility and preventing weak plant growth.

 

Question 2: Differentiate between manure and fertilisers. How are they produced, and what are the advantages and disadvantages associated with their use in agriculture?

Answer: Manure is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant or animal wastes, while fertilisers are chemical compounds rich in specific nutrients. Manure is produced through the natural decomposition of organic matter, and it enhances soil texture, water retention, and microbial activity. Fertilisers, on the other hand, are produced in factories and provide targeted nutrient supplementation to crops. While fertilisers can improve crop yield, their excessive use can lead to soil infertility and water pollution.

 

Question 3: Discuss the role of crop rotation in replenishing soil nutrients. Provide examples of how farmers in northern India practiced crop rotation and its benefits.

Answer: Crop rotation is a method of replenishing soil nutrients by growing different crops alternately. In northern India, farmers historically practiced crop rotation by growing legumes as fodder in one season and wheat in the next. Legumes have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen through the presence of Rhizobium bacteria in their root nodules, benefiting the soil with nitrogen. Crop rotation is encouraged as it helps maintain soil fertility and prevents nutrient depletion.

 

Question 4: Elaborate on the advantages of using organic manure over fertilisers. How does organic manure contribute to soil improvement?

Answer: Organic manure is considered superior to fertilisers due to various advantages. Firstly, it enhances the water holding capacity of the soil, ensuring better moisture retention. Secondly, it makes the soil porous, facilitating the exchange of gases, and increases the number of friendly microbes. Lastly, organic manure improves the overall texture of the soil, making it more conducive to plant growth. These advantages contribute to sustainable and healthy soil conditions.

 

Question 5: Explain the importance of irrigation in agriculture. Discuss the factors influencing the time and frequency of irrigation and why watering frequency is higher in summer.

Answer: Irrigation is crucial in agriculture as it involves the supply of water to crops at regular intervals. This ensures proper growth, development, and nutrient absorption by plants. The time and frequency of irrigation depend on factors such as crop type, soil characteristics, and seasonal variations. In summer, the frequency of watering is higher due to increased rates of evaporation from both the soil and the leaves. Adequate irrigation helps maintain soil moisture for healthy crop growth.

 

Question 6: Provide an overview of the various sources of irrigation. Explain how each source contributes to supplying water for agricultural purposes.

Answer: Sources of irrigation include wells, tubewells, ponds, lakes, rivers, dams, and canals. Wells and tubewells tap into groundwater, while ponds and lakes store rainwater. Rivers and dams provide water through natural flow and storage, respectively. Canals distribute water from larger water bodies to fields. Each source plays a vital role in ensuring a consistent and sufficient water supply for agricultural irrigation, contributing to successful crop cultivation.

 

Question 7: Explain the traditional methods of irrigation mentioned in the text. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these methods?

Answer: The traditional methods of irrigation involve lifting water from wells, lakes, and canals using various techniques such as the moat (pulley-system), chain pump, dhekli, and rahat (lever system). These methods rely on cattle or human labor and are considered cheaper but less efficient. The advantages include cost-effectiveness, while the disadvantages lie in their inefficiency. The need for manual labor makes these methods less productive compared to modern techniques.

 

Question 8: Describe the functioning of the Sprinkler System in modern irrigation. What makes it particularly useful, and in what situations is it beneficial?

Answer: The Sprinkler System involves perpendicular pipes with rotating nozzles attached to a main pipeline at intervals. When water is pressurized and allowed to flow through the main pipe, it escapes from the rotating nozzles, resembling rainfall. This system is highly useful on uneven land where sufficient water is not readily available. It finds applications in lawns, coffee plantations, and various crops. The ability to sprinkle water uniformly makes it beneficial for areas with irregular terrain.

 

Question 9: Discuss the significance of weeding in crop cultivation. What are the different methods mentioned for weed control in the text?

Answer: Weeding is crucial in crop cultivation as weeds compete with crop plants for water, nutrients, space, and light, affecting crop growth. Weeds can also interfere with harvesting and pose health risks. Methods of weed control include tilling before sowing to uproot and kill weeds, manual removal using tools like khurpi and a seed drill for uprooting, and the use of chemicals (weedicides) such as 2,4-D. Chemical spraying during the vegetative growth of weeds helps control their population.

 

Question 10: Explain the process of harvesting in crop cultivation. Compare manual harvesting with machine harvesting and describe the role of a combine in the harvesting process.

Answer: Harvesting involves cutting mature crops close to the ground, a process that takes 3 to 4 months for cereal crops. Manual harvesting, done with a sickle, is one method, while machine harvesting involves the use of a harvester. In the harvested crop, grain seeds need separation from the chaff through threshing. A combine is a machine that functions as both a harvester and a thresher, streamlining the harvesting process. Farmers with small land holdings may opt for manual separation of grain and chaff through winnowing.

 

Question 11: Elaborate on the significance of harvest festivals in India. Mention some of the specific festivals associated with the harvest season and describe how they are celebrated.

Answer: Harvest festivals in India mark the culmination of months of hard work for farmers. The sight of golden fields filled with grain brings joy and a sense of well-being. Festivals such as Pongal, Baisakhi, Holi, Diwali, Nabanya, and Bihu are associated with the harvest season. These festivals are celebrated with great enthusiasm, involving rituals, feasts, and cultural activities. They serve as a time for relaxation, enjoyment, and gratitude for a successful harvest.

 

Question 12: Discuss the importance of proper storage in preserving harvested grains. What are the risks associated with inadequate storage, and how do farmers address these challenges?

Answer: Proper storage is crucial to safeguard harvested grains from moisture, insects, rats, and microorganisms. Freshly harvested grains with high moisture content are dried in the sun to prevent spoilage. Farmers use jute bags, metallic bins, silos, and granaries for storage, depending on the scale. Dried neem leaves and specific chemical treatments are employed to protect stored grains from pests and microorganisms. Inadequate storage can lead to spoilage, rendering grains unfit for use or germination.

 

Question 13: Explain the role of animal husbandry in the overall process of agriculture. How does it complement crop production on a large scale?

Answer: Animal husbandry involves providing proper food, shelter, and care to animals reared at home or on farms. On a large scale, animal husbandry complements crop production by contributing to soil fertility through manure, providing draft power for plowing, and supplying dairy and meat products. It forms an integral part of sustainable agriculture, creating a symbiotic relationship between crops and livestock, enhancing overall agricultural productivity.

 

Question 14: Discuss the nutritional benefits of fish and its byproduct, cod liver oil, as mentioned in the text. How does fish contribute to human health?

Answer: Fish is considered good for health due to its nutritional value. It is a source of essential nutrients, including proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamins. Cod liver oil, obtained from fish, is rich in vitamin D. Fish consumption is associated with various health benefits, such as supporting heart health, brain function, and bone health. The nutritional components of fish make it a valuable dietary addition for overall well-being.

 

Question 15: Evaluate the potential environmental impact of modern irrigation methods. How do these methods contribute to water conservation and sustainable agriculture?

Answer: Modern irrigation methods, such as the Sprinkler System and Drip System, contribute to water conservation and sustainable agriculture. These methods minimize water wastage by delivering water directly to the roots, reducing evaporation and runoff. The use of technology-driven irrigation systems helps optimize water usage, making agriculture more efficient. However, careful management is essential to address potential environmental concerns, such as energy consumption for pump operations and the disposal of irrigation-related waste.

 

Question 16: Explore the challenges faced by farmers during the application of weedicides, as mentioned in the text. How can these challenges be mitigated to ensure the health and safety of farmers?

Answer: The application of weedicides during the vegetative growth of weeds may pose health risks to farmers. Challenges include potential adverse effects on the health of farmers, requiring precautions during application. To mitigate these challenges, farmers should use protective measures such as covering their nose and mouth with a piece of cloth. Additionally, following recommended safety guidelines, proper training, and adopting alternative weed control methods can contribute to minimizing health risks associated with the application of weedicides.

Give Reasons

  1. Why is ploughing important before sowing seeds?
     Answer: Ploughing loosens the soil, improves aeration, helps roots penetrate deeper, and allows better water absorption.


  2. Why are crops grown in different seasons?
    Answer: Different crops require different climatic conditions, such as temperature, rainfall, and soil moisture, to grow properly.


  3. Why do farmers add manure to the soil?
    Answer: Manure improves soil fertility, increases organic matter, enhances soil texture, and helps retain moisture.


  4. Why is excessive use of chemical fertilisers harmful to the soil?
    Answer: Excess fertilisers reduce soil fertility over time, pollute water sources, and kill beneficial microorganisms.


  5. Why do farmers use a seed drill instead of traditional sowing methods?
    Answer: A seed drill ensures even seed distribution, correct depth placement, and prevents birds from eating seeds.


  6. Why is irrigation necessary for crop production?
    Answer: Irrigation provides water to crops, helps in nutrient absorption, and supports plant growth, especially in dry conditions.


  7. Why is drip irrigation considered the best method for water conservation?
    Answer: Drip irrigation supplies water directly to plant roots, reducing wastage and evaporation.


  8. Why is weeding necessary for healthy crop growth?
    Answer: Weeds compete with crops for nutrients, water, sunlight, and space, reducing crop yield.


  9. Why are weedicides sprayed before weeds start flowering?
    Answer: Spraying before flowering prevents weeds from spreading seeds, reducing future weed growth.


  10. Why is crop rotation beneficial?
    Answer: Crop rotation maintains soil fertility, reduces pest attacks, and prevents depletion of specific nutrients.


  11. Why is threshing done after harvesting?
    Answer: Threshing separates grains from husks, making them ready for storage or processing.


  12. Why should grains be dried before storage?
    Answer: Drying reduces moisture content, preventing fungal growth and pest infestation.


  13. Why do farmers store grains in silos and granaries?
    Answer: Silos and granaries protect grains from moisture, pests, and rodents, ensuring long-term storage.


  14. Why is neem used for storing grains at home?
    Answer: Neem acts as a natural pesticide, preventing insect attacks on stored grains.


  15. Why is harvesting an important step in agriculture?
    Answer: Harvesting ensures that mature crops are collected at the right time to prevent spoilage or loss.


  16. Why do farmers use combine harvesters?
    Answer: Combine harvesters perform both harvesting and threshing, saving time and labor.


  17. Why is animal husbandry important in agriculture?
     Answer:Animal husbandry provides milk, meat, wool, eggs, and manure, supporting both food supply and farming.


  18. Why are dairy animals given a balanced diet?
    Answer: A balanced diet improves milk production and keeps the animals healthy.


  19. Why do farmers rear poultry?
    Answer: Poultry farming provides eggs and meat, which are important sources of protein.


  20. Why is pisciculture important in coastal areas?
    Answer: Coastal areas have natural water resources, making fish farming (pisciculture) a profitable business.


  21. Why do farmers grow pulses in crop rotation?
    Answer: Pulses are leguminous plants that fix nitrogen in the soil, improving soil fertility.


  22. Why is nitrogen important for plant growth?
    Answer: Nitrogen is essential for chlorophyll formation and protein synthesis in plants.


  23. Why do Rhizobium bacteria benefit leguminous crops?
    Answer: Rhizobium bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil, making it available for plants.


  24. Why is ploughing done before adding manure?
    Answer: Ploughing mixes manure into the soil, ensuring even nutrient distribution.


  25. Why is a hoe used in farming?
    Answer: A hoe is used for removing weeds and loosening the soil to promote root growth.


  26. Why is mulching used in agriculture?
    Answer: Mulching prevents water loss, controls weeds, and maintains soil temperature.


  27. Why do Kharif crops need more water than Rabi crops?
    Answer: Kharif crops grow during the monsoon season and require high water intake.


  28. Why is water-logging harmful to crops?
    Answer: Water-logging reduces oxygen supply to plant roots, leading to root decay.


  29. Why is levelling done after ploughing?
    Answer: Levelling breaks soil clumps, prevents uneven water distribution, and makes sowing easier.


  30. Why do plants wilt if not watered?
    Answer: Lack of water reduces turgor pressure in plant cells, causing wilting.


  31. Why is excessive irrigation not good for crops?
    Answer: Excess irrigation causes water-logging, washes away nutrients, and reduces soil aeration.


  32. Why do farmers use sprinklers on their fields?
    Answer: Sprinklers provide uniform water distribution, especially in areas with uneven land.


  33. Why is winnowing necessary after threshing?
    Answer: Winnowing separates husks and lighter impurities from grains.


  34. Why are storage bins disinfected before storing grains?
    Answer: Disinfection prevents pest infestation and fungal growth.


  35. Why is weeding done manually in organic farming?
    Answer: Organic farming avoids chemicals, so weeds are removed by hand or tools.


  36. Why do farmers leave fields fallow for some time?
    Answer: Leaving fields fallow allows soil to regain nutrients and recover naturally.


  37. Why is artificial incubation used in poultry farming?
    Answer: Artificial incubation ensures controlled temperature and humidity for egg hatching.


  38. Why is proper ventilation required in granaries?
    Answer: Ventilation prevents moisture buildup, which can spoil stored grains.


  39. Why do farmers avoid harvesting crops in rainy weather?
    Answer: Harvesting in rain increases moisture in grains, leading to fungal growth.


  40. Why is vermicomposting beneficial for soil?
    Answer: Vermicompost enriches soil with nutrients and improves its structure.


  41. Why should chemical pesticides be used carefully?
    Answer: Overuse of pesticides can harm beneficial insects, contaminate soil, and affect human health.


  42. Why do farmers practice organic farming?
    Answer: Organic farming improves soil health, reduces chemical pollution, and provides healthier food.


  43. Why are some plants first grown in nurseries before transplanting?
    Answer: Nurseries provide controlled conditions for seedling growth before planting in fields.


  44. Why is sugarcane grown in tropical regions?
    Answer: Sugarcane requires high temperatures and abundant water for proper growth.


  45. Why do farmers prefer HYV (High Yielding Variety) seeds?
    Answer: HYV seeds produce more crops per hectare, increasing food production.


  46. Why is scientific storage important for large-scale food grain storage?
    Answer: Scientific storage prevents spoilage, pest attacks, and maintains food security.


  47. Why are silos better than traditional grain storage?
    Answer: Silos protect grains from pests, moisture, and rodents, ensuring long-term storage.


  48. Why is harvesting celebrated as a festival in many regions?
    Answer: Harvest festivals mark the successful completion of the farming cycle and food security.


  49. Why are greenhouses used for growing crops?
    Answer: Greenhouses provide controlled temperature and humidity for plant growth.


  50. Why do farmers avoid using hybrid seeds repeatedly?
    Answer: Hybrid seeds lose their genetic traits over generations, reducing yield quality.

Arrange the Words 

Case Studies

Case Study 1

Ramesh is a farmer in Punjab. He grows wheat every winter and paddy every rainy season. However, he notices that over the years, his soil fertility is decreasing, and the yield is reducing.

Questions:

  1. What farming practice can Ramesh adopt to maintain soil fertility?
  2. Why is his soil fertility decreasing?

Answers:

  1. Crop rotation or adding organic manure can help maintain soil fertility.
  2. Continuous farming of the same crops depletes specific nutrients, making the soil less fertile.

Case Study 2

Radha has a small vegetable farm. She notices that unwanted plants are growing along with her crops and affecting their growth. She wants to remove these plants without harming the crops.

Questions:

  1. What are these unwanted plants called?
  2. How can Radha remove them safely?

Answers:

  1. These are called weeds.
  2. She can remove them manually using a hoe or spray weedicides like 2,4-D before they flower.

Case Study 3

A farmer in Tamil Nadu wants to grow sugarcane but does not have enough water resources. He is looking for a method to irrigate his fields efficiently.

Questions:

  1. Which irrigation method should he use?
  2. Why is this method suitable?

Answers:

  1. He should use drip irrigation.
  2. Drip irrigation supplies water directly to plant roots, reducing water wastage.

Case Study 4

Manoj has a wheat farm. After harvesting, he notices that the grains have moisture content, and he is worried about storage.

Questions:

  1. What should Manoj do before storing the grains?
  2. Where should he store them to keep them safe?

Answers:

  1. He should dry the grains properly in sunlight before storing them.
  2. He can store them in granaries, silos, or airtight containers.

Case Study 5

A village in Rajasthan faces water scarcity, but farmers still need to grow crops. They are looking for a modern irrigation method to save water.

Questions:

  1. Which irrigation method should they use?
  2. How does it help in water conservation?

Answers:

  1. They should use drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation.
  2. These methods supply water directly to roots and reduce evaporation loss.

Case Study 6

Rahul noticed that his rice field had turned yellow, and the plants were not growing well. The soil was lacking nutrients.

Questions:

  1. What should Rahul add to his soil?
  2. Which nutrient is essential for healthy plant growth?

Answers:

  1. Rahul should add manure or fertilisers to replenish soil nutrients.
  2. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) are essential for plant growth.

Case Study 7

In a farm, grains were stored without drying. After a few months, the grains were spoiled.

Questions:

  1. What caused the grains to spoil?
  2. How can farmers prevent this in the future?

Answers:

  1. The grains had excess moisture, leading to fungal growth and pest infestation.
  2. Farmers should dry grains in sunlight before storing them in airtight containers or silos.

Case Study 8

Meena wants to increase milk production on her dairy farm. She wants to ensure her cows stay healthy and give more milk.

Questions:

  1. What should Meena do to keep her cows healthy?
  2. What should be included in a balanced diet for cows?

Answers:

  1. She should provide nutritious food, clean water, and proper shelter.
  2. A balanced diet includes green fodder, grains, and mineral-rich feed.

Case Study 9

A farmer in Assam stores his rice in gunny bags in a damp warehouse. After some time, he notices insects in the stored grains.

Questions:

  1. Why did insects attack the grains?
  2. What can he do to prevent this?

Answers:

  1. The grains were stored in damp conditions, which attracted insects.
  2. He should store them in dry places and use neem leaves or chemical fumigation to protect them.

Case Study 10

In a village, some farmers use chemical fertilisers excessively. Over the years, their crop yield has decreased.

Questions:

  1. Why has the crop yield reduced?
  2. What can farmers do to improve soil health?

Answers:

  1. Excessive fertiliser use reduced soil fertility and killed useful microbes.
  2. Farmers should use organic manure, compost, and crop rotation.

Numericals

Numeric problems are not available for this chapter.

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