Questions & Answers
ICSE - Grade - 8
Subject: Geography
Chapter - 02 - Population Dynamics
Types of Questions
MCQ
- What is meant by population?
a) Number of animals in a region
b) Number of vehicles in a region
c) Number of people living in a region
d) Number of trees in a region
Answer: c) Number of people living in a region - Which region is one of the most thickly populated in the world?
a) Amazon Basin
b) Ganga Plain
c) Sahara Desert
d) Arctic Region
Answer: b) Ganga Plain - What type of population is found in deserts?
a) Thick
b) Moderate
c) Sparse
d) High
Answer: c) Sparse - Which factor affects population distribution the most?
a) Color of soil
b) Availability of mobile networks
c) Relief and climate
d) Size of houses
Answer: c) Relief and climate - Which area is known for underpopulation?
a) India
b) Sahara Desert
c) Bangladesh
d) Eastern China
Answer: b) Sahara Desert - Which country is considered overpopulated?
a) Canada
b) Australia
c) Japan
d) Antarctica
Answer: c) Japan - What type of area is known for moderate population density?
a) Nile Valley
b) Antarctica
c) South-East Asia
d) Sahara
Answer: c) South-East Asia - What does population density mean?
a) Number of animals per square kilometre
b) Number of vehicles in a city
c) Number of people per square kilometre
d) Number of rivers in a region
Answer: c) Number of people per square kilometre - What is the main occupation of people in rural areas?
a) Teaching
b) Banking
c) Agriculture
d) Manufacturing
Answer: c) Agriculture - Which factor attracts large population due to employment?
a) Agriculture
b) Industries
c) Fishing
d) Mountaineering
Answer: b) Industries - Thick natural vegetation generally leads to which type of population?
a) Dense
b) Moderate
c) Sparse
d) Urban
Answer: c) Sparse - Which is not a physical factor affecting population distribution?
a) Relief
b) Soil
c) Climate
d) Education
Answer: d) Education - Urban areas are generally:
a) Sparsely populated
b) Poorly connected
c) Thinly populated
d) Densely populated
Answer: d) Densely populated - What is a major result of overpopulation?
a) Surplus food
b) Labour shortage
c) Resource depletion
d) High GDP
Answer: c) Resource depletion - Which age group is considered economically productive?
a) 0–14 years
b) 60+ years
c) 15–59 years
d) Below 10 years
Answer: c) 15–59 years - The total population of a region is affected by:
a) Birth and death rates
b) Air pressure
c) Latitude and longitude
d) Rainfall only
Answer: a) Birth and death rates - Which of these is a human factor for population distribution?
a) Vegetation
b) Relief
c) Urbanisation
d) Soil type
Answer: c) Urbanisation - Fertile soil supports:
a) Sparse population
b) Moderate population
c) Dense population
d) No population
Answer: c) Dense population - The movement of people from one place to another is called:
a) Transportation
b) Communication
c) Migration
d) Evacuation
Answer: c) Migration - People move to cities mainly for:
a) Fresh air
b) Scenic beauty
c) Employment opportunities
d) Silence
Answer: c) Employment opportunities - What is one effect of underpopulation?
a) Pollution
b) Labour surplus
c) Labour shortage
d) Slums
Answer: c) Labour shortage - Polar regions are sparsely populated because of:
a) Rich forests
b) Pleasant weather
c) Harsh climatic conditions
d) Good transport
Answer: c) Harsh climatic conditions - Which continent has high population density in river valleys?
a) Antarctica
b) Asia
c) Europe
d) Australia
Answer: b) Asia - An area with very few people living in it is said to be:
a) Populated
b) Overpopulated
c) Densely populated
d) Sparsely populated
Answer: d) Sparsely populated - Main occupation in urban areas is:
a) Agriculture
b) Fishing
c) Industrial and service sector jobs
d) Hunting
Answer: c) Industrial and service sector jobs - Which region is an example of moderate population?
a) Western Europe
b) Antarctica
c) Sahara
d) Southern Africa
Answer: d) Southern Africa - What does age composition show?
a) Education level
b) Number of children
c) Distribution of people in different age groups
d) Size of families
Answer: c) Distribution of people in different age groups - Which of these is not a cause of overpopulation?
a) High birth rate
b) High death rate
c) Immigration
d) Poor family planning
Answer: b) High death rate - Which of these areas is thickly populated?
a) Himalayas
b) Greenland
c) Eastern China
d) Arctic Circle
Answer: c) Eastern China - Overcrowded cities are a sign of:
a) Underpopulation
b) Overpopulation
c) Balanced population
d) No migration
Answer: b) Overpopulation - Which region in India is sparsely populated?
a) Rajasthan desert
b) Ganga Plain
c) Mumbai
d) Delhi
Answer: a) Rajasthan desert - High death rate leads to:
a) Population increase
b) Population decrease
c) Balanced growth
d) No change
Answer: b) Population decrease - Which of the following is an economic effect of overpopulation?
a) Increase in rainfall
b) High GDP
c) Unemployment
d) Population stability
Answer: c) Unemployment - Migration affects:
a) Only rural population
b) Only urban population
c) Source and destination both
d) Only children
Answer: c) Source and destination both - What is the result of underutilised natural resources?
a) Overpopulation
b) Proper development
c) Underpopulation
d) Dense population
Answer: c) Underpopulation - The term ‘composition of population’ includes:
a) Number of cities
b) Age and occupation
c) Amount of rainfall
d) Natural disasters
Answer: b) Age and occupation - Plains have:
a) Sparse population
b) Dense population
c) No population
d) Forests only
Answer: b) Dense population - Which type of soil supports high population?
a) Rocky
b) Fertile alluvial
c) Sandy
d) Saline
Answer: b) Fertile alluvial - Good transport facilities lead to:
a) Desertification
b) Low population
c) Dense population
d) Migration only
Answer: c) Dense population - Which of these countries is underpopulated?
a) India
b) Bangladesh
c) Australia
d) Japan
Answer: c) Australia - What type of population is found in rural areas?
a) Urban
b) Industrial
c) Agricultural
d) Migrated
Answer: c) Agricultural - Which factor is responsible for growth of urban areas?
a) Forests
b) Soil fertility
c) Urbanisation
d) Rivers
Answer: c) Urbanisation - High birth rate and low death rate result in:
a) Negative growth
b) No growth
c) Population explosion
d) Ageing population
Answer: c) Population explosion - Thick forests result in:
a) Urbanisation
b) Dense population
c) Sparse population
d) Tourism
Answer: c) Sparse population - Which factor is not natural?
a) Relief
b) Climate
c) Migration
d) Soil
Answer: c) Migration - People prefer to live in areas with:
a) Steep slopes
b) Fertile plains
c) Dense forests
d) Cold deserts
Answer: b) Fertile plains - Main reason for thick population in river valleys:
a) Floods
b) Wildlife
c) Fertile soil and water
d) Forests
Answer: c) Fertile soil and water - The working-age population is important because:
a) They don’t need education
b) They contribute to the economy
c) They migrate a lot
d) They consume less
Answer: b) They contribute to the economy - Slums are often a result of:
a) Underpopulation
b) Natural disasters
c) Overpopulation in cities
d) Tourism
Answer: c) Overpopulation in cities - Antarctica is sparsely populated due to:
a) No water
b) Scientific stations
c) Harsh climate
d) Lack of forest
Answer: c) Harsh climate
Fill in the Blanks
- __________ refers to the total number of people living in a particular area.
Answer: Population - The study of population includes its size, distribution, composition, and __________.
Answer: changes - Population is __________ distributed across the world.
Answer: unevenly - Areas like the Ganga Plain are __________ populated.
Answer: thickly - Sahara Desert is an example of a __________ populated area.
Answer: sparsely - South-East Asia is __________ populated.
Answer: moderately - __________ population refers to a large number of people living per unit area.
Answer: Dense - The number of people per square kilometre is called __________.
Answer: population density - __________ and river valleys are usually densely populated due to fertile soil.
Answer: Plains - High mountains and deserts are usually __________ populated.
Answer: sparsely - __________ is a major factor affecting population distribution.
Answer: Relief - A moderate and pleasant __________ supports higher population.
Answer: climate - Dense forests usually lead to __________ population density.
Answer: low - Fertile __________ supports agriculture and dense population.
Answer: soil - Availability of __________ is essential for human settlement.
Answer: water - Areas with rich __________ deposits attract population due to industries.
Answer: mineral - Industrial areas provide __________ opportunities and attract people.
Answer: employment - Good __________ facilities encourage population concentration.
Answer: transport - Growth of __________ attracts people to urban areas.
Answer: urbanisation - The movement of people from one region to another is called __________.
Answer: migration - __________ occurs when population exceeds the available resources.
Answer: Overpopulation - Overpopulation leads to problems like unemployment and __________.
Answer: pollution - __________ is when the population is less than the available resources.
Answer: Underpopulation - Underpopulation leads to shortage of __________.
Answer: labour - Birth rate, death rate, and migration cause population __________.
Answer: change - A region’s population increases when the __________ rate is high.
Answer: birth - A region’s population decreases when the __________ rate is high.
Answer: death - Population composition includes aspects like age and __________.
Answer: occupation - People living in villages make up the __________ population.
Answer: rural - People living in towns and cities form the __________ population.
Answer: urban - Most people in rural areas are engaged in __________.
Answer: agriculture - Urban population is mostly engaged in industrial and __________ activities.
Answer: service - The age group of 15 to 59 years is considered __________ population.
Answer: working - The 0 to 14 years group is known as the __________ population.
Answer: dependent - People aged 60 years and above are called the __________ population.
Answer: aged - The working population contributes to the country’s __________.
Answer: economy - __________ regions are less populated due to harsh cold conditions.
Answer: Polar - River valleys are thickly populated due to water and __________ soil.
Answer: fertile - __________ climate discourages large population settlements.
Answer: Extreme - A country like __________ is considered overpopulated.
Answer: Bangladesh - A country like __________ is considered underpopulated.
Answer: Australia - Migration can be internal or __________.
Answer: international - __________ population growth happens when birth and death rates are equal.
Answer: Zero - The study of population helps in national __________ planning.
Answer: development - __________ and facilities in cities attract people from rural areas.
Answer: Jobs - Unchecked population growth leads to shortage of __________.
Answer: resources - Forested and hilly areas are usually __________ populated.
Answer: sparsely - __________ and industrialisation lead to high urban population.
Answer: Modernisation - Desert regions like Sahara are sparsely populated due to lack of __________.
Answer: water - The main cause of high population in the Indo-Gangetic plain is __________ land.
Answer: fertile
Name the Following
- Name the term used for the number of people living in a particular area.
Answer: Population - Name the term for the number of people per square kilometre.
Answer: Population density - Name the region in India which is thickly populated due to fertile plains.
Answer: Ganga Plain - Name the desert that is sparsely populated.
Answer: Sahara Desert - Name a continent that includes both thickly and sparsely populated regions.
Answer: Asia - Name one thickly populated river valley in Africa.
Answer: Nile Valley - Name one sparsely populated region in South America.
Answer: Amazon Basin - Name any one moderately populated region in the world.
Answer: South-East Asia - Name the country that is overpopulated but economically developed.
Answer: Japan - Name the country that is underpopulated and has abundant resources.
Answer: Australia - Name two physical factors affecting population distribution.
Answer: Relief and Climate - Name two human factors affecting population distribution.
Answer: Urbanisation and Industrialisation - Name the region in Europe that is densely populated.
Answer: North-Western Europe - Name the three main categories of population distribution.
Answer: Thickly, Moderately, and Sparsely populated areas - Name the type of region that attracts a large number of people due to employment.
Answer: Industrial areas - Name one factor that leads to sparse population in mountainous regions.
Answer: Difficult terrain - Name one occupation that is common in rural population.
Answer: Agriculture - Name one main feature of underpopulated regions.
Answer: Labour shortage - Name one effect of overpopulation.
Answer: Resource depletion - Name the age group considered economically productive.
Answer: 15 to 59 years - Name the age group that includes dependent children.
Answer: 0 to 14 years - Name the age group known as the aged population.
Answer: 60 years and above - Name the term for people moving from rural to urban areas.
Answer: Migration - Name one densely populated country in South Asia.
Answer: Bangladesh - Name the major reason why river valleys are densely populated.
Answer: Fertile soil and availability of water - Name one natural region that discourages population due to dense forest.
Answer: Amazon Basin - Name any one factor that results in moderate population.
Answer: Average climate and partial industrialisation - Name one country that is considered sparsely populated.
Answer: Canada - Name the practice of cultivating land on a large scale.
Answer: Agriculture - Name the sector in which most urban people are employed.
Answer: Industrial and service sector - Name the cause of population increase due to more births than deaths.
Answer: High birth rate - Name the cause of population decrease when deaths exceed births.
Answer: High death rate - Name the two broad categories of factors affecting population.
Answer: Physical and Human factors - Name the type of population growth when birth and death rates are equal.
Answer: Zero population growth - Name one effect of underpopulation on national economy.
Answer: Low production and economic underdevelopment - Name a key resource that influences dense population due to irrigation and drinking.
Answer: Water - Name the process of movement of people from one country to another.
Answer: International migration - Name the process of moving from one part of a country to another.
Answer: Internal migration - Name the most important factor for dense population in the Indo-Gangetic plain.
Answer: Fertile alluvial soil - Name one reason for sparse population in polar regions.
Answer: Extremely cold climate - Name the type of region where availability of mineral resources attracts population.
Answer: Mining region - Name one result of urbanisation on population distribution.
Answer: Dense urban population - Name a region that is sparsely populated due to saline soil.
Answer: Rann of Kutch - Name a service that improves communication and influences population distribution.
Answer: Transportation - Name one country known for its high density due to industrial growth.
Answer: South Korea - Name one example of a high-altitude sparsely populated area.
Answer: Tibet Plateau - Name one reason why people avoid living in deserts.
Answer: Lack of water and harsh living conditions - Name one human-made cause of dense population.
Answer: Urban development - Name the category of people who do not contribute economically.
Answer: Dependents (children and aged) - Name the branch of geography that studies population.
Answer: Population Geography
Answer in One Word
- What is the total number of people living in an area called?
Answer: Population - What is the number of people per square kilometre called?
Answer: Density - Which plains in India are thickly populated?
Answer: Ganga - Which desert is an example of sparse population?
Answer: Sahara - What is the distribution of people over an area called?
Answer: Distribution - What is the major occupation in rural areas?
Answer: Agriculture - Which region in Egypt is densely populated?
Answer: Nile - Which Asian country is densely populated and industrially developed?
Answer: Japan - Which country is underpopulated but rich in resources?
Answer: Australia - What is the movement of people from one place to another called?
Answer: Migration - What is the main cause of high population in river valleys?
Answer: Fertility - Which natural factor refers to land height and slope?
Answer: Relief - Which climatic region is least populated?
Answer: Polar - What is the main water body that supports Nile Valley population?
Answer: River - Which resource attracts industries and hence population?
Answer: Minerals - What is the process of population growth in cities called?
Answer: Urbanisation - What is the lack of people in an area called?
Answer: Underpopulation - What is an area with too many people called?
Answer: Overpopulation - Which age group is economically productive?
Answer: Working - Which age group includes children?
Answer: Dependent - What do we call people aged 60 years and above?
Answer: Aged - What is the main cause of population increase?
Answer: Birth - What is the main cause of population decrease?
Answer: Death - Which factor is a human-made reason for population density?
Answer: Industry - Which region is sparsely populated due to thick forests?
Answer: Amazon - Which human factor improves connectivity and supports population?
Answer: Transport - What is the main source of livelihood in rural areas?
Answer: Farming - Which part of the population contributes to the economy?
Answer: Adults - What is a major consequence of overpopulation?
Answer: Unemployment - What do we call a stable population where birth and death rates are equal?
Answer: Zero - Which continent contains both dense and sparse areas?
Answer: Asia - Which country has low population and vast land?
Answer: Canada - What kind of vegetation discourages human settlement?
Answer: Forests - What kind of climate leads to sparse population?
Answer: Extreme - What is one factor affecting agriculture and hence population?
Answer: Soil - What is the essential resource for drinking and farming?
Answer: Water - What is the structure of population based on age and gender called?
Answer: Composition - What sector do most urban people work in?
Answer: Services - What term is used for people who do not work or earn?
Answer: Dependents - What causes people to leave rural areas for cities?
Answer: Employment - What do we call a place where few people live?
Answer: Sparse - What do we call a place where many people live?
Answer: Dense - What is a key feature of urban areas?
Answer: Crowding - What is one major reason for migration to cities?
Answer: Jobs - What causes crowding, slums, and pressure on services?
Answer: Overpopulation - What is a good example of a thickly populated Asian country?
Answer: Bangladesh - What does the presence of industries in an area attract?
Answer: Labour - Which population group needs support from others?
Answer: Children - What type of migration occurs within the same country?
Answer: Internal - What type of migration occurs across countries?
Answer: International
ICSE - Grade 8 - Physics
All Chapters
- Chapter 1: Matter
- Chapter 2: Physical Quantities and measurement
- Chapter 3: Force and Pressure
- Chapter 4: Energy
- Chapter 5: Light Energy
- Chapter 6: Heat Transfer
- Chapter 7: Sound
- Chapter 8: Electricity
ICSE - Grade 8 - Chemistry
All Chapters
- Chapter 1: Matter
- Chapter 2: Physical and Chemical Changes
- Chapter 3: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
- Chapter 4: Atomic Structure
- Chapter 5: Language of Chemistry
- Chapter 6: Chemical Reactions
- Chapter 7: Hydrogen
- Chapter 8: Water
- Chapter 9: Carbon and its compounds
ICSE - Grade 8 - Mathematics
All Chapters
- Chapter 1: Rational Numbers
- Chapter 2: Exponents
- Chapter 3: Squares and Square Roots
- Chapter 4: Cubes and Cube Roots
- Chapter 5: Playing with Numbers
- Chapter 6: Sets
- Chapter 7: Percent and Percentage
- Chapter 8: Profit, Loss and Discount
- Chapter 9: Interest
- Chapter 10: Direct and Inverse Variations
- Chapter 11: Algebraic Expressions
- Chapter 12: Identities
- Chapter 13: Factorization
- Chapter 14: Linear Equation in One Variable
- Chapter 15: Linear Inequalities
- Chapter 16: Understanding Shapes
- Chapter 17: Special Types of Quadrilaterals
- Chapter 18: Constructions
- Chapter 19: Representing 3-D in 2-D
- Chapter 20: Area of Trapezium and a Polygon
- Chapter 21: Surface Area, Volume and Capacity
- Chapter 22: Data Handling
- Chapter 23: Probability
ICSE - Grade 8 - Biology
All Chapters
- Chapter 1: Transportation in Plants
- Chapter 2: Reproduction in Plants
- Chapter 3: Reproduction in Humans
- Chapter 4: Ecosystems
- Chapter 5: Endocrine Systems and Adolescence
- Chapter 6: The Circulatory System
- Chapter 7: Nervous System
- Chapter 8: Diseases and First Aid
- Chapter 9: Food Production
ICSE - Grade 8 - History
All Chapters
- A Period of Transition
- The Growth of Nationalism
- The American War of Independence
- The American Civil War
- Decline of the Mughal Empire
- Rise of Independent Kingdoms
- Traders to Rulers
- British Policies and Impacts
- The Great Uprising of 1857
- Socio – Religious reforms
- India’s Struggle for Freedom – Phase 1
- India’s Struggle for Freedom – Phase 2
ICSE - Grade 8 - Civics
All Chapters
- The Union Legislature
- The Union Executive
- The Judiciary
- United Nations
- Agencies of the UN
ICSE - Grade 8 - Geography
All Chapters
- Ch 01 – Representation of Geographical Features
- Ch 02 – Population Dynamics
- Ch 03 – Migration
- Ch 04 – Urbanisation
- Ch 05 – Disasters and their Management
- Ch 06 – Asia – Location and Physical Features
- Ch 07 – Asia – Climate and Natural Vegetation
- Ch 08 – India – Location and Physical Features
- Ch 09 – India – Climate
- Ch 10 – India – Flora and Fauna
- Ch 11 – India – Human Resources
Find the Odd One Out
- Ganga Plain, Nile Valley, Amazon Basin, Eastern China
Answer: Amazon Basin
Explanation: Amazon Basin is sparsely populated; others are densely populated. - Relief, Climate, Vegetation, Education
Answer: Education
Explanation: Others are physical factors; education is a human factor. - Mumbai, Tokyo, Delhi, Sahara
Answer: Sahara
Explanation: Sahara is a desert with sparse population; others are densely populated cities. - Fertile Soil, Water, Mountains, Flat Land
Answer: Mountains
Explanation: Mountains discourage dense population; others support it. - Migration, Urbanisation, Industry, Glacier
Answer: Glacier
Explanation: Glacier is a natural feature; others are human factors. - Agriculture, Mining, Construction, Mountaineering
Answer: Mountaineering
Explanation: Mountaineering is a recreational activity; others are occupations. - Japan, Bangladesh, Sahara, Eastern China
Answer: Sahara
Explanation: Sahara is underpopulated; others are overpopulated regions. - Australia, Canada, Russia, India
Answer: India
Explanation: India is overpopulated; others are underpopulated countries. - Birth rate, Death rate, Rainfall, Migration
Answer: Rainfall
Explanation: Rainfall is not a demographic factor; others affect population change. - Ganga Plain, Nile Valley, Amazon Forest, North China Plain
Answer: Amazon Forest
Explanation: Amazon Forest is sparsely populated; others are fertile and thickly populated. - Children, Working Population, Aged, Mountains
Answer: Mountains
Explanation: Others are types of population; mountains are physical features. - Urban, Rural, Forest, Industrial
Answer: Forest
Explanation: Forest is not a type of human settlement; others are. - Sahara, Greenland, Antarctica, Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: Uttar Pradesh is densely populated; others are sparsely populated regions. - Transportation, Urbanisation, Dense Forest, Industrialisation
Answer: Dense Forest
Explanation: Others are human factors increasing population; forests reduce it. - Tokyo, Mumbai, Delhi, Rann of Kutch
Answer: Rann of Kutch
Explanation: Rann of Kutch is sparsely populated; others are major cities. - Climate, Soil, Fertility, Air Pressure
Answer: Air Pressure
Explanation: Not a major factor influencing population distribution. - River, Glacier, Lake, Canal
Answer: Glacier
Explanation: Glacier is not a usable water source for human settlement. - Age, Gender, Rocks, Occupation
Answer: Rocks
Explanation: Rocks are not part of population composition. - Bangladesh, Japan, Egypt, Australia
Answer: Australia
Explanation: Australia is underpopulated; others are overpopulated. - High Birth Rate, Fertility, High Death Rate, Migration
Answer: High Death Rate
Explanation: High death rate reduces population; others increase it. - Amazon, Himalayas, Alps, Indo-Gangetic Plain
Answer: Indo-Gangetic Plain
Explanation: Others are mountains; Indo-Gangetic Plain is a plain. - Farming, Forestry, Mining, Banking
Answer: Banking
Explanation: Banking is a tertiary activity; others are primary. - Internal Migration, International Migration, Urbanisation, Birth Rate
Answer: Birth Rate
Explanation: Others are types of movement; birth rate is not. - Sahara, Amazon, Antarctica, Mumbai
Answer: Mumbai
Explanation: Mumbai is highly populated; others are sparsely populated. - Japan, Bangladesh, Eastern China, Arctic
Answer: Arctic
Explanation: Arctic is sparsely populated; others are thickly populated. - Mountains, Forests, Deserts, Railways
Answer: Railways
Explanation: Railways support population; others restrict it. - Migration, Fertility, Overpopulation, Employment
Answer: Overpopulation
Explanation: Overpopulation is an effect; others are causes. - Children, Youth, Elderly, Forest
Answer: Forest
Explanation: Others are age groups; forest is not. - Tokyo, Singapore, Sahara, Shanghai
Answer: Sahara
Explanation: Sahara is a desert; others are urban centres. - Ganga, Nile, Amazon, Thar
Answer: Thar
Explanation: Thar is a desert; others are river valleys. - Urban, Forest, Rural, Industrial
Answer: Forest
Explanation: Forest is not a type of settlement. - Japan, India, Sahara, China
Answer: Sahara
Explanation: Sahara is underpopulated; others are overpopulated. - Migration, Transport, Slums, Vegetation
Answer: Vegetation
Explanation: Others are related to urbanisation; vegetation is natural. - Age, Gender, Fertility, Soil
Answer: Soil
Explanation: Soil is not a component of population composition. - North America, Europe, Sahara, South Asia
Answer: Sahara
Explanation: Sahara is sparsely populated; others have dense regions. - Zero Growth, Negative Growth, Positive Growth, Soil Growth
Answer: Soil Growth
Explanation: Not a population growth type. - Mining, Farming, Banking, Skating
Answer: Skating
Explanation: Skating is recreational; others are economic activities. - Job Opportunities, Education, Services, Monsoon
Answer: Monsoon
Explanation: Monsoon is a climatic term; others are urban attractions. - Forests, Desert, Plain, Hill Station
Answer: Plain
Explanation: Plain supports dense population; others don’t. - Tokyo, Mumbai, Delhi, Antarctica
Answer: Antarctica
Explanation: Antarctica is uninhabited; others are populous cities. - Aged, Children, Adults, Ocean
Answer: Ocean
Explanation: Ocean is not a population age group. - Fertility, Relief, Climate, Cooking
Answer: Cooking
Explanation: Not a factor affecting population distribution. - Japan, India, Bangladesh, Australia
Answer: Australia
Explanation: Australia is underpopulated; others are overpopulated. - Birth, Death, Migration, Desertification
Answer: Desertification
Explanation: Not a direct cause of population change. - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Voluntary
Answer: Voluntary
Explanation: Not an economic sector. - Forest, Urban, Village, City
Answer: Forest
Explanation: Others are settlements; forest is not. - Bangladesh, Sahara, China, Egypt
Answer: Sahara
Explanation: Sahara is sparsely populated; others are thickly populated. - River, Mountain, Hill, City
Answer: City
Explanation: City is man-made; others are natural features. - Transport, Mining, Healthcare, Volcano
Answer: Volcano
Explanation: Volcano is a natural hazard; others support population. - Internal Migration, International Migration, Employment Migration, Monsoon Migration
Answer: Monsoon Migration
Explanation: Not a recognised type of migration.
Match the Pair
Set 1: Match the Pair
Column A
- Ganga Plain
- Sahara Desert
- Migration
- Urbanisation
- Dense Forests
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Harsh climate and sparse population
b) Movement of people
c) Sparse population due to thick vegetation
d) Thickly populated due to fertile soil
e) Growth of cities
Answers (Set 1):
1 – d
2 – a
3 – b
4 – e
5 – c
Set 2: Match the Pair
Column A
- Birth Rate
- Death Rate
- Aged Population
- Working Age Group
- Rural Area
Column B (Shuffled)
a) 15–59 years
b) Engaged mainly in agriculture
c) Above 60 years
d) Decreases population
e) Increases population
Answers (Set 2):
1 – e
2 – d
3 – c
4 – a
5 – b
Set 3: Match the Pair
Column A
- Eastern China
- Amazon Basin
- Underpopulation
- Japan
- Internal Migration
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Movement within a country
b) Rich in forests and sparsely populated
c) Developed and densely populated
d) Region with low population
e) Highly populated due to industry
Answers (Set 3):
1 – e
2 – b
3 – d
4 – c
5 – a
Set 4: Match the Pair
Column A
- Relief
- Climate
- Soil
- Water
- Population Density
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Availability supports agriculture
b) Number of people per square kilometre
c) Affects habitability
d) Flat land supports more people
e) Essential for human settlement
Answers (Set 4):
1 – d
2 – c
3 – a
4 – e
5 – b
Set 5: Match the Pair
Column A
- Industrial Area
- Fertile Plains
- Polar Region
- Bangladesh
- Australia
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Harsh cold climate and low population
b) Thickly populated developing country
c) High employment opportunities
d) Thinly populated despite resources
e) Support large population due to good soil
Answers (Set 5):
1 – c
2 – e
3 – a
4 – b
5 – d
Set 6: Match the Pair
Column A
- Overpopulation
- Slums
- Transport Facilities
- Urban Centres
- Mineral Deposits
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Found in areas with mining industries
b) Encourage movement and settlement
c) Result of rapid urbanisation
d) More people than resources
e) Cities with better services and jobs
Answers (Set 6):
1 – d
2 – c
3 – b
4 – e
5 – a
Set 7: Match the Pair
Column A
- Natural Vegetation
- Age Composition
- Working Population
- Children
- Population Composition
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Includes age, gender, occupation
b) 0–14 years
c) Makes settlement difficult
d) Shows age-wise population division
e) Contributes to the economy
Answers (Set 7):
1 – c
2 – d
3 – e
4 – b
5 – a
Set 8: Match the Pair
Column A
- Urban Population
- Rural Population
- Internal Migration
- International Migration
- Zero Growth Rate
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Moving from village to city within same country
b) Moving across national boundaries
c) Number of births equals number of deaths
d) Found in towns and cities
e) Found in villages
Answers (Set 8):
1 – d
2 – e
3 – a
4 – b
5 – c
Set 9: Match the Pair
Column A
- Services
- Dependents
- Population Change
- Employment Opportunities
- Sparse Population
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Lack of water and difficult terrain
b) Provided in urban areas
c) Children and aged
d) Caused by birth, death, and migration
e) Attracts migrants to cities
Answers (Set 9):
1 – b
2 – c
3 – d
4 – e
5 – a
Set 10: Match the Pair
Column A
- Urbanisation
- Desert
- Indo-Gangetic Plain
- Tokyo
- Migration
Column B (Shuffled)
a) Thickly populated plain of India
b) Capital city with very high population density
c) Movement of people
d) Growth of towns and cities
e) Extreme climate, very few people
Answers (Set 10):
1 – d
2 – e
3 – a
4 – b
5 – c
Short Answer Questions
- What is population?
Answer: Population is the total number of people living in a particular area. - What is meant by population density?
Answer: It is the number of people living per square kilometre of land area. - Name any two thickly populated regions in the world.
Answer: Ganga Plain and Eastern China. - Name two sparsely populated areas.
Answer: Sahara Desert and Amazon Basin. - What is migration?
Answer: Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. - What is urbanisation?
Answer: Urbanisation is the growth and expansion of towns and cities. - What is the main occupation in rural areas?
Answer: Agriculture. - Name the three main types of population distribution.
Answer: Thickly, Moderately, and Sparsely populated areas. - What is meant by overpopulation?
Answer: Overpopulation is when the population exceeds the available resources. - What is underpopulation?
Answer: Underpopulation is when the population is less than the available resources. - What is internal migration?
Answer: Migration within the same country. - What is international migration?
Answer: Migration from one country to another. - Give two physical factors affecting population distribution.
Answer: Relief and climate. - Give two human factors affecting population distribution.
Answer: Transport and urbanisation. - Why are plains more densely populated?
Answer: Because they are flat and suitable for agriculture and settlement. - Why are mountains sparsely populated?
Answer: Due to difficult terrain and harsh climatic conditions. - Why are deserts sparsely populated?
Answer: Due to lack of water and extreme temperatures. - Why are river valleys thickly populated?
Answer: Because of fertile soil and availability of water. - What is the impact of overpopulation on employment?
Answer: It leads to unemployment and competition for jobs. - What is the working age group?
Answer: People aged between 15 to 59 years. - What is population composition?
Answer: It refers to the structure of population based on age, sex, and occupation. - Who are dependents in the population?
Answer: Children (0–14 years) and aged (60+ years) people. - Name any one densely populated country.
Answer: Bangladesh. - Name any one underpopulated country.
Answer: Australia. - How does soil affect population distribution?
Answer: Fertile soil supports agriculture and dense population. - How does climate affect population distribution?
Answer: Moderate climate attracts population, extreme climate discourages it. - How does availability of water affect population distribution?
Answer: Areas with good water supply support large population. - How do mineral deposits influence population?
Answer: They attract industries and thus increase population. - Why do people migrate from rural to urban areas?
Answer: For better job opportunities and facilities. - Name one effect of underpopulation.
Answer: Labour shortage and underutilised resources. - What is meant by age composition?
Answer: Distribution of people in different age groups. - What are the three broad age groups in population composition?
Answer: Children (0–14), Working age (15–59), Aged (60+). - How does overpopulation affect housing?
Answer: It leads to shortage of houses and growth of slums. - How is transport a factor in population distribution?
Answer: Good transport attracts settlement and supports dense population. - What is meant by zero population growth?
Answer: When the birth rate equals the death rate. - Name one effect of urbanisation.
Answer: Increase in population density in cities. - Why is the Amazon Basin sparsely populated?
Answer: Due to dense forests and lack of accessibility. - What is a major effect of migration on cities?
Answer: It leads to overcrowding and pressure on services. - Give one reason why polar regions are thinly populated.
Answer: Due to extremely cold climate. - How does industry affect population?
Answer: It creates employment and attracts people. - Why is the Indo-Gangetic plain densely populated?
Answer: Due to fertile soil and favourable climate. - Name one area in India with sparse population.
Answer: Thar Desert. - What is a natural factor that discourages settlement?
Answer: Steep and rocky terrain. - Name two components of population composition.
Answer: Age and occupation. - How does education influence migration?
Answer: People move to cities for better educational opportunities. - What is the result of high birth rate and low death rate?
Answer: Rapid population growth. - How does population affect natural resources?
Answer: Overpopulation leads to overuse and depletion of resources. - What causes slum development in cities?
Answer: Rapid migration and shortage of housing. - How do services affect urban population?
Answer: Better services attract more people to urban areas. - What is one solution to control overpopulation?
Answer: Family planning and awareness programmes.
Puzzles
- I am a flat land with fertile soil and good water. People love to live on me. What am I?
Answer: Plain - I am dry, hot, and have little water. People avoid settling in me. What am I?
Answer: Desert - I separate people by age groups. You’ll find children, working people, and the aged inside me. What am I?
Answer: Age Composition - I cause people to move from one place to another. What am I?
Answer: Migration - I grow when more people are born than die. What am I?
Answer: Population - I refer to how many people live per square kilometre. What am I?
Answer: Population Density - I am thick and green, but people don’t live in me. What am I?
Answer: Dense Forest - I’m found in cities, provide jobs and attract people. What am I?
Answer: Industry - I move people from villages to cities. What am I?
Answer: Urbanisation - I lead to crowding, pollution, and slums. What am I?
Answer: Overpopulation - I happen when there are more people than jobs. What am I?
Answer: Unemployment - I am less than what’s needed to use resources fully. What am I?
Answer: Underpopulation - You can’t live in me because I’m freezing and remote. What am I?
Answer: Polar Region - I help grow crops, so people live near me. What am I?
Answer: Fertile Soil - I’m wet and needed for life. People settle near me. What am I?
Answer: Water - I cause people to leave home for better work. What am I?
Answer: Employment - I’m a region where children and aged need care. Who takes care of them?
Answer: Working Population - People move for me: jobs, education, and healthcare. Who am I?
Answer: Better Opportunities - I describe villages, farming, and simple lifestyle. What am I?
Answer: Rural Area - I describe cities, traffic, and high buildings. What am I?
Answer: Urban Area - You’ll find me in the age group 0–14 years. What am I called?
Answer: Children - I include hospitals, roads, and schools. What am I?
Answer: Infrastructure - I show the number of deaths in a population. What am I?
Answer: Death Rate - I represent the number of babies born each year. What am I?
Answer: Birth Rate - I make life tough in deserts. I am dry and scarce. What am I?
Answer: Water - I’m the reason population is growing in Delhi. What am I?
Answer: Migration - People don’t want to live in me. I’m high and rocky. What am I?
Answer: Mountain - I lead people to settle near rivers. What am I?
Answer: Irrigation - I am the opposite of thickly populated. What am I?
Answer: Sparsely Populated - I describe a balance between population and resources. What am I?
Answer: Optimum Population - My birth and death rates are equal. What kind of growth do I show?
Answer: Zero Growth - I take people from India to UAE for jobs. What am I?
Answer: International Migration - I help people travel and settle in new areas. What am I?
Answer: Transport - I happen inside a country and change its regional population. What am I?
Answer: Internal Migration - I attract people because I sparkle underground. What am I?
Answer: Minerals - I show that the number of people is just right for the resources. What am I?
Answer: Balanced Population - My buildings are tall and crowded. My roads are busy. Where am I?
Answer: City - My people farm and live in small houses. Where am I?
Answer: Village - I make cities overcrowded and hard to manage. What am I?
Answer: Population Explosion - I am responsible for spreading people unevenly. What am I?
Answer: Factors Affecting Distribution - I’m very cold and almost no one lives here. What region am I?
Answer: Antarctica - I divide population by profession and age. What concept am I?
Answer: Population Composition - I describe areas like Mumbai and Kolkata. What kind of area am I?
Answer: Densely Populated - I describe areas like Greenland. What kind of area am I?
Answer: Sparsely Populated - I mean the number of people in an area is more than the resources. What am I?
Answer: Overpopulation - I mean people are not enough to use available resources. What am I?
Answer: Underpopulation - People move for me, sometimes across borders. What type of movement am I?
Answer: Migration - I help move people and goods across regions. What am I?
Answer: Transport Network - I make the forest hard to live in. I buzz and bite. What am I?
Answer: Insects (or Mosquitoes) - I help the government decide on schools and hospitals. What study am I?
Answer: Population Study
Difference Between:
- Difference between Population and Population Density
Population refers to the total number of people living in a particular area.
Population Density refers to the number of people living per square kilometre of land area. - Difference between Thickly Populated and Sparsely Populated Areas
Thickly Populated Areas have a high number of people per unit area due to favourable physical and human factors.
Sparsely Populated Areas have few people per unit area due to harsh climate, difficult terrain, or poor resources. - Difference between Birth Rate and Death Rate
Birth Rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people in a year.
Death Rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year. - Difference between Rural Population and Urban Population
Rural Population lives in villages and is mainly engaged in agriculture and related activities.
Urban Population lives in towns and cities and is engaged in secondary and tertiary occupations. - Difference between Internal Migration and International Migration
Internal Migration is the movement of people within the same country.
International Migration is the movement of people from one country to another. - Difference between Overpopulation and Underpopulation
Overpopulation occurs when the number of people exceeds the available resources.
Underpopulation occurs when the number of people is too small to utilise the available resources effectively. - Difference between Working Population and Dependent Population
Working Population includes people aged 15–59 who are economically active.
Dependent Population includes children (0–14 years) and the aged (60+ years) who depend on others. - Difference between Physical and Human Factors of Population Distribution
Physical Factors include relief, climate, soil, vegetation, and water.
Human Factors include transport, industry, urbanisation, and migration. - Difference between Plains and Mountains (in terms of population)
Plains are densely populated due to flat land and fertile soil.
Mountains are sparsely populated due to steep slopes and poor soil. - Difference between Urbanisation and Migration
Urbanisation is the growth of cities in terms of area and population.
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. - Difference between Fertile Soil and Infertile Soil (impact on population)
Fertile Soil supports agriculture and leads to dense population.
Infertile Soil discourages agriculture and results in sparse population. - Difference between Age Composition and Population Composition
Age Composition refers to the distribution of population in different age groups.
Population Composition includes age, sex, and occupation structure of the population. - Difference between Developed Region and Developing Region (population trends)
Developed Regions often have low birth rates and ageing population.
Developing Regions usually have high birth rates and younger population. - Difference between Slums and Planned Urban Areas
Slums are overcrowded and lack basic facilities.
Planned Urban Areas have organised infrastructure and essential services. - Difference between Migration and Natural Growth of Population
Migration changes population due to people moving in or out.
Natural Growth is the difference between birth rate and death rate. - Difference between Positive and Negative Population Growth
Positive Growth means population is increasing.
Negative Growth means population is decreasing. - Difference between Ageing Population and Youthful Population
Ageing Population has a higher percentage of aged individuals.
Youthful Population has a higher percentage of children and young adults. - Difference between Industrial Areas and Agricultural Areas (population impact)
Industrial Areas attract dense population due to employment.
Agricultural Areas may have moderate to sparse population depending on fertility and mechanisation. - Difference between Moderate and Extreme Climate (in terms of population)
Moderate Climate supports higher population due to comfort and agriculture.
Extreme Climate discourages population due to survival difficulties. - Difference between Push Factors and Pull Factors of Migration
Push Factors are problems that force people to leave (e.g., poverty, disasters).
Pull Factors are advantages that attract people to a place (e.g., jobs, facilities).
Assertion and Reason
Instructions for Answering
Choose the correct option:
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation.
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
C) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
D) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
- Assertion: The Ganga Plain is thickly populated.
Reason: The region has fertile alluvial soil and ample water supply.
Answer: A - Assertion: Sahara Desert has dense population.
Reason: It receives heavy rainfall throughout the year.
Answer: D - Assertion: Migration affects both the source and destination regions.
Reason: Migration changes the population size of both areas.
Answer: A - Assertion: Antarctica is densely populated.
Reason: It has a harsh climate and no permanent human settlements.
Answer: D - Assertion: Mountainous regions usually have low population density.
Reason: Difficult terrain and cold climate discourage settlements.
Answer: A - Assertion: Urbanisation leads to increased population in cities.
Reason: Cities offer better job opportunities and services.
Answer: A - Assertion: Fertile soil promotes high population density.
Reason: Fertile soil supports productive agriculture.
Answer: A - Assertion: Industries do not influence population distribution.
Reason: People prefer to live in agricultural areas only.
Answer: D - Assertion: Deserts are thickly populated.
Reason: Deserts have extreme temperatures and water scarcity.
Answer: D - Assertion: Overpopulation leads to resource scarcity.
Reason: More people put pressure on limited resources.
Answer: A - Assertion: Transportation affects settlement patterns.
Reason: Well-connected areas attract more people.
Answer: A - Assertion: Forested regions attract large populations.
Reason: Dense vegetation makes construction easier.
Answer: D - Assertion: Natural vegetation influences population density.
Reason: Dense forests make human settlement difficult.
Answer: A - Assertion: Climate does not affect where people live.
Reason: People can live comfortably in all climates.
Answer: D - Assertion: Bangladesh is overpopulated.
Reason: The population exceeds the carrying capacity of resources.
Answer: A - Assertion: Australia has a high population density.
Reason: Its entire land is arid and unfit for living.
Answer: D - Assertion: Urban areas have a high concentration of population.
Reason: Urban centres provide better livelihood and facilities.
Answer: A - Assertion: A high birth rate leads to population increase.
Reason: More births than deaths lead to natural growth.
Answer: A - Assertion: Migration decreases urban population.
Reason: People move from cities to rural areas for farming.
Answer: C - Assertion: Rural areas have better healthcare facilities than cities.
Reason: Villages have more hospitals and advanced services.
Answer: D - Assertion: Water availability affects population density.
Reason: People settle near rivers and lakes for domestic and agricultural use.
Answer: A - Assertion: Plains support high population.
Reason: They are flat and suitable for agriculture and settlements.
Answer: A - Assertion: High death rate increases population.
Reason: More deaths reduce pressure on resources.
Answer: C - Assertion: Industrial regions attract dense population.
Reason: Industries provide employment to a large number of people.
Answer: A - Assertion: Polar regions are densely populated.
Reason: The climate is extremely cold and harsh.
Answer: D - Assertion: Overpopulation leads to unemployment.
Reason: Too many people compete for limited jobs.
Answer: A - Assertion: Age composition affects economic productivity.
Reason: A higher working-age population boosts economic growth.
Answer: A - Assertion: Migration does not impact the distribution of population.
Reason: People usually stay in the same place.
Answer: D - Assertion: Urban areas have better transport systems.
Reason: Development of roads and rails improves connectivity.
Answer: A - Assertion: Children form the economically productive population.
Reason: They work in industries and factories.
Answer: C - Assertion: Good soil quality encourages population settlement.
Reason: It supports agriculture, which provides food and livelihood.
Answer: A - Assertion: Water scarcity increases population density.
Reason: People move to arid areas for agriculture.
Answer: C - Assertion: Fertile plains like the Indo-Gangetic region are thickly populated.
Reason: They offer favourable conditions for agriculture and habitation.
Answer: A - Assertion: Mountains support dense population.
Reason: They have rugged terrain and poor soil.
Answer: D - Assertion: Desert regions have low population density.
Reason: Lack of water and extreme temperatures discourage settlement.
Answer: A - Assertion: Underpopulation is always better than overpopulation.
Reason: Fewer people mean more job opportunities for all.
Answer: B - Assertion: India has high population density.
Reason: It has a large population and limited land area.
Answer: A - Assertion: Urban migration leads to slum development.
Reason: Cities become overcrowded due to rapid influx of people.
Answer: A - Assertion: Overpopulation does not affect the environment.
Reason: Natural resources are unlimited.
Answer: D - Assertion: Age composition helps in planning social services.
Reason: It shows how many people need education, jobs, and healthcare.
Answer: A - Assertion: The elderly population adds to economic productivity.
Reason: They are still part of the working-age group.
Answer: C - Assertion: Climate has no role in settlement patterns.
Reason: Population density is determined only by industry.
Answer: D - Assertion: Internal migration changes the population structure.
Reason: People move from one region to another within a country.
Answer: A - Assertion: Urbanisation reduces the pressure on rural land.
Reason: People move from villages to cities in search of jobs.
Answer: A - Assertion: Migration can increase urban unemployment.
Reason: Migrants often exceed job availability in cities.
Answer: A - Assertion: Relief features like plateaus attract large populations.
Reason: Plateaus are easy to cultivate and irrigate.
Answer: C - Assertion: Thick natural vegetation always promotes population growth.
Reason: Forests provide timber and shelter.
Answer: C - Assertion: High population in urban areas leads to environmental problems.
Reason: More people produce more waste and pollution.
Answer: A - Assertion: Rural areas are sparsely populated.
Reason: They lack employment and modern facilities.
Answer: A - Assertion: Population dynamics includes age, gender, and education levels.
Reason: These elements define the structure and productivity of population.
Answer: A
True or False
- Population refers to the number of people living in a particular area.
Answer: True - Population is evenly distributed all over the world.
Answer: False - Ganga Plain is a densely populated area.
Answer: True - Sahara Desert is one of the thickly populated areas.
Answer: False - Population density is measured as number of people per square kilometre.
Answer: True - Migration means movement of people from one place to another.
Answer: True - Overpopulation means population is less than the resources.
Answer: False - Industrial areas often attract large populations.
Answer: True - Rural population is mostly engaged in service sector jobs.
Answer: False - Urban areas generally have a sparse population.
Answer: False - Climate has no effect on population distribution.
Answer: False - Dense forests are generally less populated.
Answer: True - Availability of water does not influence population distribution.
Answer: False - Fertile soil supports agriculture and dense population.
Answer: True - Urbanisation leads to decline in population.
Answer: False - Antarctica has no permanent population.
Answer: True - The working-age population is from 15 to 59 years.
Answer: True - Underpopulation leads to underutilisation of resources.
Answer: True - Urban centres provide better employment and healthcare facilities.
Answer: True - Migration only affects rural population.
Answer: False - Eastern China is one of the thickly populated areas.
Answer: True - Amazon Basin is densely populated due to industries.
Answer: False - Birth rate and death rate have no impact on population size.
Answer: False - Children are part of the dependent population.
Answer: True - Plains and river valleys are generally sparsely populated.
Answer: False - Polar regions are sparsely populated due to harsh climate.
Answer: True - Urbanisation increases pressure on city resources.
Answer: True - Industrialisation has no impact on migration.
Answer: False - The presence of mineral deposits attracts population.
Answer: True - Internal migration occurs within the same country.
Answer: True - Overpopulation always leads to higher living standards.
Answer: False - Deserts are densely populated because of fertile soil.
Answer: False - Good transport facilities can support higher population density.
Answer: True - Zero population growth means birth and death rates are equal.
Answer: True - Overcrowding in cities can lead to the growth of slums.
Answer: True - The population composition includes age, gender, and occupation.
Answer: True - Education and medical care are better in rural areas than urban areas.
Answer: False - High birth rate results in population growth.
Answer: True - Migration can cause both increase and decrease in population in different areas.
Answer: True - Working population includes only aged people.
Answer: False - Fertile alluvial soil in the Indo-Gangetic plain supports dense population.
Answer: True - Urban areas do not face any population-related problems.
Answer: False - Population is dynamic and changes over time.
Answer: True - Population density depends only on birth rate.
Answer: False - The availability of jobs is a factor influencing urban migration.
Answer: True - People usually prefer to settle in mountainous regions.
Answer: False - Migration always happens from urban to rural areas.
Answer: False - Tokyo is one of the most densely populated cities in the world.
Answer: True - Death rate increases the total population.
Answer: False - Forested areas often have poor transport facilities and low population.
Answer: True
Long Answer Questions
- What is population? Explain the factors that influence its distribution.
Answer:
Population is the total number of people living in a particular area at a specific time.
The distribution of population is affected by physical factors (relief, climate, soil, water, natural vegetation, and mineral resources) and human factors (urbanisation, industrialisation, transport facilities, and migration). Areas with favourable conditions attract more people.
- What is population density? Why is it higher in some regions than others?
Answer:
Population density refers to the number of people living per square kilometre.
It is higher in regions with flat land, fertile soil, moderate climate, availability of water, and developed infrastructure like the Ganga Plain, Nile Valley, and Eastern China. Harsh climate and difficult terrain result in low density in deserts, mountains, and polar regions.
- What are the physical factors that affect the distribution of population?
Answer:
The physical factors include:
- Relief: People prefer flat plains for settlement and agriculture.
- Climate: Moderate climate supports comfortable living.
- Soil: Fertile soil supports agriculture and dense population.
- Water: Rivers and lakes attract people for domestic and farming use.
- Vegetation: Dense forests discourage settlement.
- Minerals: Mineral-rich regions attract industries and population.
- What are the human factors affecting population distribution?
Answer:
Human factors include:
- Urbanisation: Growth of cities attracts people due to better facilities.
- Industrialisation: Industrial areas offer employment.
- Transport: Well-connected areas are easy to access and live in.
- Migration: Movement of people affects population size at origin and destination.
- Explain thickly, moderately, and sparsely populated areas with examples.
Answer:
- Thickly populated: Ganga Plain, Nile Valley, Eastern China – due to fertile soil, water, and employment.
- Moderately populated: South-East Asia, Southern Africa – due to partial development and moderate climate.
- Sparsely populated: Sahara Desert, Amazon Basin, Greenland – due to harsh conditions and inaccessibility.
- Define migration. Explain its causes and effects.
Answer:
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
Causes: Employment, education, natural disasters, political unrest.
Effects: Urban areas become overcrowded; rural areas may face labour shortage; cultural diversity increases in cities.
- What is overpopulation? What are its impacts?
Answer:
Overpopulation occurs when the number of people exceeds the resources available.
Impacts:
- Unemployment
- Pressure on housing and healthcare
- Environmental degradation
- Increased poverty and crime
- What is underpopulation? How does it affect a country?
Answer:
Underpopulation is when population is less than available resources.
Effects:
- Labour shortage
- Underutilisation of natural resources
- Poor market for goods
- Difficulty in economic development
- What is population composition? Why is it important to study?
Answer:
Population composition refers to the structure of the population based on age, sex, and occupation.
It is important because it helps in planning educational, health, employment, and social welfare policies according to different age groups and needs.
- Write about the rural and urban population with their features.
Answer:
- Rural Population: Lives in villages, engaged in agriculture, low density, fewer amenities.
- Urban Population: Lives in cities, engaged in industries and services, high density, better facilities like education, health, transport.
- Describe the age composition of population.
Answer:
Population is divided into three groups:
- Children (0–14 years): Dependent group.
- Working age (15–59 years): Economically productive.
- Aged (60+ years): Retired and dependent.
This classification helps understand dependency ratio and economic strength.
- Why do river valleys have dense population? Give reasons.
Answer:
River valleys offer:
- Fertile soil for agriculture
- Continuous water supply
- Flat land for easy construction
Hence, they support a large number of people and farming-based economies.
- Explain how relief features influence the distribution of population.
Answer:
Flat and low-lying areas are easy to cultivate and live in, attracting dense population.
Mountainous regions with steep slopes and poor soils are hard to farm or build on, discouraging settlement.
- Discuss the effect of climate on population distribution.
Answer:
Moderate climates attract dense population as they are favourable for farming and comfortable living.
Extremely hot, cold, or wet climates like deserts and polar regions are avoided due to difficulty in survival.
- Why is Bangladesh densely populated?
Answer:
Because of fertile plains, ample water supply from rivers, favourable climate for agriculture, and a high birth rate.
- Give reasons why the Amazon Basin is sparsely populated.
Answer:
- Dense tropical forests
- Hot and humid climate
- Diseases like malaria
- Poor transport and connectivity
- Explain the effects of migration on both source and destination regions.
Answer:
- Source: Labour loss, ageing population
- Destination: Overcrowding, pressure on services, rise in slums
Migration brings both economic opportunity and social challenges.
- How does urbanisation influence population growth?
Answer:
Urbanisation draws people to cities for better jobs, education, and healthcare, leading to high population density, especially in metropolitan areas.
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of high population density?
Answer:
Advantages: Large labour force, big market
Disadvantages: Resource strain, unemployment, pollution, housing issues
- What steps can be taken to control overpopulation?
Answer:
- Family planning
- Awareness campaigns
- Education
- Government policies to reduce birth rate
- What is meant by economic population? Why is it important?
Answer:
Economic population refers to the working-age group (15–59 years) who contribute to economic activities.
It is important as it determines the productivity, economic strength, and dependency ratio of a country.
- What are the consequences of rapid population growth in urban areas?
Answer:
- Growth of slums
- Shortage of clean water and sanitation
- Pressure on transport and healthcare
- Increase in unemployment and crime rates
- Differentiate between birth rate and death rate with examples.
Answer:
- Birth Rate: Number of births per 1,000 people per year (e.g., high in developing countries)
- Death Rate: Number of deaths per 1,000 people per year (e.g., low in developed countries due to healthcare)
- Why do people migrate from villages to cities?
Answer:
Due to lack of jobs, poor education and health services in villages, and better opportunities in cities for employment, lifestyle, and growth.
- How does industrial development affect population concentration?
Answer:
Industries attract workers due to job opportunities, leading to increased population in industrial regions like Mumbai and Ruhr Valley.
- Write a note on the role of transport in population distribution.
Answer:
Efficient transport allows movement of goods and people, encourages trade, employment, and connectivity, hence attracting dense population.
- What are the demographic characteristics of an overpopulated country?
Answer:
- High birth rate
- Low death rate
- Poor infrastructure
- Shortage of food, water, housing, and jobs
- What makes Australia underpopulated despite its resources?
Answer:
Due to harsh climate in central areas, vast uninhabitable land, and low birth rate compared to resource availability.
- What are the disadvantages of sparse population?
Answer:
- Labour shortage
- Difficulty in resource exploitation
- High cost of infrastructure per person
- Weak economic growth
- Explain the importance of population studies in planning.
Answer:
It helps in understanding needs for housing, education, health, employment, and transport, allowing better policy-making and national development.
- How do natural calamities influence population movement?
Answer:
Floods, earthquakes, droughts force people to migrate to safer areas, affecting population distribution and creating temporary or permanent shifts.
- What role does education play in controlling population growth?
Answer:
Educated people are more aware of family planning, better health practices, and responsible parenting, leading to controlled population growth.
- How do services influence urban population?
Answer:
Access to schools, hospitals, electricity, water, and communication attracts people from rural areas, leading to urban concentration.
- What are the consequences of lack of proper urban planning?
Answer:
- Uncontrolled expansion
- Rise of slums
- Traffic congestion
- Inadequate basic services
- Poor quality of life
- Describe the distribution of population in India.
Answer:
India’s population is unevenly distributed. Northern plains and coastal areas are densely populated, while deserts, forests, and mountains have sparse population.
- What are the characteristics of a densely populated area?
Answer:
- High number of people per square km
- Developed infrastructure
- Economic opportunities
- Examples: Delhi, Kolkata, Tokyo
- How do mineral resources influence settlement patterns?
Answer:
Areas rich in coal, iron, and oil attract industries, which in turn attract workers and lead to dense settlements around mines and industrial towns.
- Discuss the relationship between water availability and population growth.
Answer:
Regions near rivers and lakes support farming, drinking, and industries. Hence, they attract settlements and show high population growth over time.
- Why are some regions moderately populated? Give examples.
Answer:
Due to moderate climate, availability of some resources, and average development. Examples: parts of South-East Asia, Southern Africa.
- Why is it difficult to live in polar regions?
Answer:
Because of extreme cold, frozen water sources, lack of sunlight in winters, limited vegetation, and inaccessibility.
- What is dependency ratio and why is it important?
Answer:
It is the ratio of dependent population (children and aged) to working-age population.
A high ratio burdens the working population and affects national productivity.
- How does natural vegetation affect population density?
Answer:
Thick forests discourage settlement due to difficulty in clearing land and risk of diseases. Sparse vegetation is preferred for farming and settlement.
- Why is studying age composition important for a country?
Answer:
It helps in planning for education (children), employment (working age), and healthcare (aged), ensuring balanced socio-economic development.
- Discuss how balanced population is important for development.
Answer:
Balanced population ensures optimal use of resources, manageable demand for services, and stable economic growth.
- What are the features of moderately populated areas?
Answer:
- Moderate population density
- Limited but available resources
- Partially developed industries
- Examples: parts of the USA and South Africa
- Explain how birth and death rates affect population change.
Answer:
Higher birth rates than death rates cause population growth.
When death rates exceed birth rates, population declines.
- How does government policy influence population?
Answer:
Policies like family planning, education incentives, and health services can control birth rate and manage population growth.
- What are slums and why do they develop?
Answer:
Slums are overcrowded urban areas with poor housing and sanitation.
They develop due to rapid migration, unemployment, and lack of affordable housing.
- What are the challenges faced by underpopulated countries?
Answer:
- High cost of development
- Low market demand
- Scarcity of skilled workers
- Difficulty in infrastructure expansion
- Suggest measures to improve living conditions in overpopulated cities.
Answer:
- Develop satellite towns
- Invest in infrastructure and public services
- Encourage rural development
- Strengthen public transport
- Promote population control programmes
Give Reasons
- Ganga Plain is thickly populated.
Because it has fertile alluvial soil, abundant water, and flat land suitable for agriculture and settlement. - Sahara Desert has sparse population.
Because of its extreme climate, scarce water resources, and sandy terrain, making it unsuitable for habitation. - People prefer to live in plains.
Because plains offer flat terrain, fertile soil, and better transport and communication facilities. - Mountains are sparsely populated.
Because they have steep slopes, thin soil, harsh climate, and limited accessibility. - Dense forests discourage human settlement.
Because clearing forests is difficult, and they often harbour diseases and wild animals. - Amazon Basin is sparsely populated.
Due to dense forests, hot and humid climate, and poor transport facilities. - Water availability affects population distribution.
Because water is essential for drinking, agriculture, and industrial use, attracting more people. - Eastern China is densely populated.
Because of its fertile plains, river systems, and industrial and agricultural development. - Industrial areas attract population.
Because they provide employment opportunities and support economic growth. - Polar regions are thinly populated.
Because of extreme cold, frozen landscape, and lack of basic living conditions. - People migrate to urban areas.
In search of better job opportunities, education, and healthcare facilities. - Overpopulation causes unemployment.
Because the number of job seekers exceeds the number of available jobs. - Underpopulation leads to underutilisation of resources.
Because there are too few people to fully exploit natural and economic resources. - Bangladesh is an overpopulated country.
Because its population exceeds the carrying capacity of available resources. - Australia is underpopulated.
Because it has abundant resources but a small population to utilise them. - Urban areas are more densely populated.
Because they offer better facilities, infrastructure, and employment. - Rural areas have low population density.
Because of fewer job opportunities and limited access to services. - Climate affects population distribution.
Because extreme climates discourage settlement, while moderate climates attract people. - Migration changes the size of population in an area.
Because it either adds to or reduces the number of people in a region. - Fertile soil supports dense population.
Because it increases agricultural productivity, ensuring food security. - Deserts are thinly populated.
Because of lack of water, infertile land, and extreme temperatures. - People do not prefer to live in high-altitude regions.
Because of low oxygen, cold climate, and inaccessibility. - The Indo-Gangetic plain is densely populated.
Because it has fertile soil, sufficient water supply, and flat terrain. - High birth rate increases population.
Because more children are born than people dying, causing population growth. - High death rate decreases population.
Because more people die than are born, reducing the total population. - Migration is a human factor of population distribution.
Because it involves people’s movement for better living conditions and opportunities. - Industries develop near mineral deposits.
Because minerals serve as raw materials for industries and attract labour. - Urbanisation leads to overcrowding.
Because rapid migration to cities exceeds the capacity of housing and services. - Urban population is more productive.
Because most people are engaged in secondary and tertiary activities. - Plains are preferred for human settlement.
Because they are easy to cultivate, build upon, and provide better connectivity. - Lack of infrastructure limits population in remote areas.
Because people avoid settling where basic facilities like roads, electricity, and water are missing. - River valleys are thickly populated.
Because they provide water, fertile land, and transportation routes. - Harsh climatic regions remain sparsely populated.
Because survival is difficult, and economic activities are limited. - Rapid migration leads to slum development.
Because affordable housing cannot keep pace with the rising population in cities. - Population studies are important for planning.
Because they help in developing education, health, housing, and transport policies. - Urban areas face environmental problems.
Because high population density leads to waste accumulation and pollution. - The aged population is economically dependent.
Because most are retired and rely on others for support. - The working-age group contributes to the economy.
Because they are actively engaged in productive activities. - Children are considered dependents.
Because they do not earn and require education and care. - Fertile soil is a physical factor in settlement.
Because it determines the success of agriculture in a region. - Urbanisation increases pressure on public transport.
Because more people use available transport systems, causing congestion. - Good transport facilities encourage population growth.
Because they improve connectivity and access to resources. - Mining towns grow in mineral-rich areas.
Because people move there for jobs in extraction industries. - Industrialisation supports urban growth.
Because it creates job opportunities and demands supporting infrastructure. - Forested areas lack dense settlements.
Because accessibility is difficult and agriculture is limited. - Birth and death rates affect natural growth.
Because the difference between them determines whether the population rises or falls. - Population composition helps in policy-making.
Because it reveals the needs of various age and occupational groups. - Urban areas attract rural migrants.
Because they offer better opportunities and living standards. - Lack of education leads to high birth rate.
Because people may be unaware of family planning methods. - Overcrowding causes pressure on civic amenities.
Because more people require services like water, sanitation, and electricity than what is available.
Arrange the Words
Case Studies
- Ravi lives in the Indo-Gangetic plain. His family has been farming the land for generations and enjoys a stable income.
Q: Why is this region densely populated?
Answer: Due to fertile soil, flat land, and abundant water supply which support agriculture and settlement. - Meera moved from her village in Bihar to Delhi for a job in a textile factory.
Q: What type of migration is this and why did it occur?
Answer: This is internal migration, caused by better employment opportunities in urban areas. - Aman visits Ladakh and observes very few people living there despite its scenic beauty.
Q: Why is the population sparse in Ladakh?
Answer: Due to extreme cold climate, high altitude, and limited arable land. - Rita’s family moved from Bangladesh to India due to overcrowding and lack of jobs.
Q: What kind of population problem is Bangladesh facing?
Answer: Overpopulation – where population exceeds the carrying capacity of resources. - John works in a mining town in Australia where the population is low, but resources are abundant.
Q: What kind of population scenario is described here?
Answer: Underpopulation – where natural resources are underutilised due to fewer people. - In Mumbai, traffic is congested, and slums are growing rapidly.
Q: What does this indicate about population in Mumbai?
Answer: It indicates overpopulation and rapid urbanisation. - Priya noticed that areas near rivers are always bustling with people and activities.
Q: Why do people prefer settling near rivers?
Answer: Rivers provide water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use, making them ideal for settlements. - A rural village in Rajasthan faces labour shortage due to large-scale migration to nearby cities.
Q: How does migration affect the source region?
Answer: It causes labour shortage and reduces economic productivity in the rural area. - In Tokyo, people live in small apartments, and space is very limited.
Q: What kind of population condition is seen here?
Answer: High population density due to urbanisation and industrialisation. - A forested area in the Amazon Basin has very low human habitation.
Q: Why is the Amazon Basin sparsely populated?
Answer: Due to dense forests, hot and humid climate, and poor accessibility. - A city experiences rising demand for schools and hospitals due to increasing young population.
Q: Which population composition group is increasing here?
Answer: The dependent population – specifically children aged 0–14 years. - Many elderly people in a town require healthcare and are not economically active.
Q: What effect does this have on the working population?
Answer: It increases the dependency ratio, placing economic pressure on the working-age population. - In a remote village, people struggle to access markets due to lack of roads.
Q: What factor is affecting population distribution here?
Answer: Poor transport facilities, a human factor influencing sparse population. - A newly industrialised region sees a sharp rise in population within five years.
Q: What is the main reason for this population growth?
Answer: Availability of jobs and better livelihood due to industrialisation. - In Greenland, there are vast lands but very few people living.
Q: What is the term used for this situation?
Answer: Underpopulation – the population is too small to use available resources. - Despite modern facilities, a hilly area remains sparsely populated.
Q: What physical factor restricts population growth here?
Answer: Relief – steep slopes and difficult terrain hinder large settlements. - A flood-hit village in Assam witnessed mass migration to safer towns.
Q: What caused the migration in this case?
Answer: Natural calamity (flood) – a push factor for migration. - A city reports 25 births and 5 deaths per 1,000 people annually.
Q: What is the likely trend in population size?
Answer: Population growth due to high birth rate and low death rate. - A village has more aged people than young or working people.
Q: What long-term effect can this age composition have?
Answer: Economic slowdown due to high dependency and reduced workforce. - Government plans a family planning campaign in densely populated areas.
Q: What is the objective of such a programme?
Answer: To control population growth and reduce strain on resources and services.
Numericals
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